Immunotherapy has been widely used in cancer treatment in recent years and functions by stimulating the immune system to kill tumor cells. Radiation therapy (RT) uses radiation to induce DNA damage and kill tumor cells. However, this activates the body's immune system, promoting the release of tumor-related antigens from inactive dendritic cells, which stimulates the recurrence and metastasis of tumors in immune system tissues. The combination of RT and immunotherapy has been increasingly evaluated in recent years, with studies confirming the synergistic effect of the two antitumor therapies. Particularly, the combination of RT by dose adjustment with different immunotherapies has positive implications on antitumor immunity as well as disease prognosis compared with respective monotherapies. This review summarizes the current research status, progress, and prospects of RT combined with immunotherapy in cancer treatment. It additionally discusses the prevalent concerns regarding the dose, time window, and toxicity of this combination therapy.
Humans ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Radiotherapy/methods*

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world, and chemotherapy is one of its main treatments. However, due to the side effects of chemotherapy drugs, about 87% of patients have malnutrition. Although the concept of nutrition therapy continues to advance, it still lacks sufficient attention, resulting in a low cure rate of malnutrition in gastric cancer patients. As an independent risk factor of death for gastric cancer patients, malnutrition not only leads to poor clinical outcomes, but also causes a huge social and economic burden. This review summarized the nutritional support treatment of gastric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in recent years, including the selection of nutrition evaluation tools, methods and effects of nutritional treatment, and made a prospect for its widespread clinical application in the future.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and white matter lesions(WML).Methods A total of 102 WML patients and 56 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.Clinical parameters(such as age,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,history of smoking and drinking)and biochemical indices(triacylglycerol[TG],total cholesterol[TC],low density lipoprotein cholesterol[LDL-C],and MMP-9)were collected and compared between WML patients and healthy controls.Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was performed for each participant.Fazekas scale was used to evaluate the severity of WML.The risk factors of WML and the correlation between WML and MMP-9 were investigated.Results There were no significant differences in the gender,history of smoking and drinking,or TG level between the two group(P>0.05),but there were significant differences in the age,hypertension,diabetes mellitus and MMP-9 level between the two groups(P<0.05).There was significant difference in the MMP-9 level among patients with different degrees of WML(P<0.01).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the severity of WML was positively correlated with MMP-9 level(r=0.382,P<0.01).Conclusion There is a correlation between elevated serum MMP-9 and the development and severity of WML.WML can be monitored and evaluated by testing MMP-9.