Objective In this study,patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension(IIH)were selected as a model for spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome(SANS)to conduct an eye movement manipulation intervention experiment.The aim was to explore whether eye movements have an effect on reducing the subarachnoid space around the optic nerve.Methods Twenty-three patients with IIH who met the inclusion criteria were subjected to history taking,collection of basic systemic data including age,height,weight,and blood pressure,and baseline data collection including intraocular pressure(prone)and transorbital ultrasound optic nerve sheath complex image acquisition.The subjects were then subjected to the eye movements intervention and IOP(prone)and transorbital ultrasound optic nerve sheath complex image acquisition were measured at 10 minutes,30 minutes and again 3 days after the intervention.Results The study enrolled 23 subjects with an average age of(29.58±11.25)years and a mean BMI of(28.56±6.3)kg/m2.The average cerebrospinal fluid pressure through lumbar puncture was(310.25±20.78)mmH2O.There were no significant changes in intraocular pressure at various time points before and after the eye movement exercises(P=1.000).Similarly,there were no significant changes in the diameter of the optic nerve at 3 mm and 5 mm posterior to the globe(P=1.000).However,the diameter of the optic nerve sheath at 5 mm posterior to the globe,as well as the width of the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve at 3 mm and 5 mm posterior to the globe,and the area of the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve from 3 mm to 5 mm posterior to the globe,all decreased significantly after performing eye movement exercises for 10 minutes and 30 minutes.These measures returned to baseline levels after three days of eye movement exercises,with significant differences observed across time points(P<0.05).Specifically,compared to baseline values,the diameter of the optic nerve sheath at 5 mm posterior to the globe decreased by 0.33 mm(95%CI:0.034-0.624,P=0.02)after performing 30 minutes of eye movement exercises.Additionally,the width of the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve at 3 mm and 5 mm posterior to the globe decreased by 0.2 mm(95%CI:?0.037-0.452,P=0.034)and 0.29 mm(95%CI:?0.265-0.344,P=0.01),respectively.Finally,the area of the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve from 3 mm to 5 mm posterior to the globe decreased by 0.21 mm2(95%CI:0.155-0.762,P=0.02).Conclusion This study initially proposes an eye movement manipulation method(eye movement exercise)that can reduce the subarachnoid space gap of the optic nerve posterior to the globe,including the direction,duration,rhythm,and frequency of eye movements.It was found that regular eye movements for a certain period of time can deform the optic nerve sheath,compress the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve posterior to the globe,and narrow its gap.As the duration and frequency of eye movement exercises increase,the width or area of the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve decreases more significantly.However,eye movement exercises cannot maintain the deformation of the optic nerve sheath for a long time,and after a certain period of time,the gap of the optic nerve sheath returns to baseline levels.

Pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland (LGPA) is the most common epithelial lacrimal gland tumor, mainly occurring in the orbital lacrimal gland.The specific mechanism of its occurrence is unknown.The average onset age of LGPA is 39.5 years, and its clinical manifestations are usually lachrymal mass and exophthalmos, which are painless.If patients feel pain, malignant lesions should be considered.Imaging studies are of great value in the diagnosis of LGPA and can also be an important reference for the formulation of the surgical plan.To avoid capsule damage and tumor spillage, incisional biopsy isn't performed before surgery in LGPA.The treatment of LGPA is intact capsule excision.The risk of recurrence and malignant transformation is closely related to whether the tumor can be completely removed.This article reviews the clinical manifestation, histopathological changes, medical imaging changes, molecular mechanisms of tumor occurrence and development, malignant transformation mechanism, treatment and prognosis of LGPA in recent years from domestic and foreign research results, expecting to provide some references for the diagnosis and treatment of LGPA.

OBJECTIVE： To provide experience and reference for the study of medical insurance budget impact analysis （BIA） in China. METHODS： Retrieved from PubMed， ProQuest， CNKI， Wanfang database and CBM， related literatures about medical insurance BIA research in China and the United States were collected since the establishment of the database. The basic information， analysis results and data sources were summarized and sorted out， and descriptive analysis of the included literature was carried out on basis of seven key elements such as model design， research perspective， treatment cost， reference scenario， target population， research time limit and discount/inflation， sensitivity analysis. RESULTS： A total of 72 literatures were included in this study， involving 24 （33.33％） studies in China， 48 （66.67％） studies in the United States； the indications of 45 studies were chronic diseases （62.50％）， and those of 21 studies were acute diseases （37.50％）. Among the research methods， 49 studies （68.06％） used BIA alone and 23 studies （31.94％） adopted BIA combined with pharmaceutical economics. In terms of model design， 50 studies （69.44％） adopted cost calculation models. In terms of research perspective， 60 studies （81.94％） were based on the perspective of medical insurance department research. In the calculation of treatment cost， 69 studies （95.84％） included drug cost. In terms of reference scenarios， 61 studies （84.72％） compared the economics of different drug-based treatment groups. For target population， only 31  （43.06％） studies used real world data. In terms of research duration and discount/inflation， 14 studies （19.44％） used treatment or length of hospitalization to indicate research duration， and 19 studies （26.39％） used discount rate or inflation rate to adjust costs. As for sensitivity analysis， 62 studies （86.11％） conducted sensitivity analysis， of which 49 （68.06％） used single factor sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS： There are still some limitations in medical insurance BIA research literature in China and the United States， such as unreasonable use of data， incomplete coverage of the cost， and unreasonable setting of sensitivity analysis variables. It is recommended that BIA research should standardize data sources to improve the quality of budget evidence quality， reasonably evaluate market size to improve the authenticity of prediction， scientifically set variables and their scope of change to improve the stability of results， establish BIA research paradigms or evaluating standards so as to guide BIA research scientifically.

Objective: To examine the prognostic value of four important driver gene mutations in patients with radical resection of pancreatic cancer. Methods: The clinical data and follow-up data of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing radical pancreatectomy and targeted sequencing from January 2016 to March 2018 at Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 159 males and 88 females,aged of (60.8±8.7)years(range:33-83 years) and preoperative CA19-9 of (492.4±496.6)kU/L(range: 2-1 200 kU/L). One hundred and fifty nine cases of tumors were located in the head and 88 cases in the body and tail of the pancreas. After univariate analysis of clinical pathological factors (including gender, age, preoperative CA19-9, tumor location, tumor differentiation, pathological T and N stage, Micr. perineural invasion, Micr. lympho-vascular invasion, resection margin), the variable whose P<0.1 was included in COX regression model with four important driver gene mutations to find which mutation was related to prognosis independently. The number of gene mutations and KRAS subgroups were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: Among 247 patients,the number of KRAS,TP53, SMAD4 and CDKN2A mutations was 212 cases(85.8%), 160 cases(64.8%), 66 cases(26.7%) and 44 cases(17.8%),respectively.KRAS mutation was correlated with the tumor differentiation and pathological T stage (χ²=24.570/6.690, P=0.000/0.035), TP53 mutation was correlated with the tumor differentiation and the resected margin(χ²=5.500/4.620, P=0.019/0.032), and CDKN2A mutation was correlated with gender(χ²=16.574, P=0.000).COX regression model analysis showed that only KRAS mutation was an independent risk factor for disease free survival and overall survival(HR=1.776, 95%CI: 1.079-2.923, P=0.024; HR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.016-3.639, P=0.045); KRAS^G12D mutation was associated with shorter OS(P=0.007). Conclusion KRAS and its subgroup KRAS^G12D mutation can be used as a prognostic index for patients with radical resection of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To examine the prognostic value of four important driver gene mutations in patients with radical resection of pancreatic cancer. Methods The clinical data and follow‐up data of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing radical pancreatectomy and targeted sequencing from January 2016 to March 2018 at Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 159 males and 88 females,aged of (60.8±8.7)years(range:33-83 years) and preoperative CA19‐9 of (492.4 ± 496.6)kU/L(range: 2-1 200 kU/L). One hundred and fifty nine cases of tumors were located in the head and 88 cases in the body and tail of the pancreas. After univariate analysis of clinical pathological factors (including gender, age, preoperative CA19‐9, tumor location, tumor differentiation, pathological T and N stage, Micr. perineural invasion, Micr. lympho‐vascular invasion, resection margin), the variable whose P<0.1 was included in COX regression model with four important driver gene mutations to find which mutation was related to prognosis independently. The number of gene mutations and KRAS subgroups were analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier curve.Results Among 247 patients,the number of KRAS,TP53, SMAD4 and CDKN2A mutations was 212 cases(85.8%), 160 cases(64.8%), 66 cases(26.7%) and 44 cases (17.8%),respectively.KRAS mutation was correlated with the tumor differentiation and pathological T stage (χ2=24.570/6.690, P=0.000/0.035), TP53 mutation was correlated with the tumor differentiation and the resected margin(χ2=5.500/4.620, P=0.019/0.032), and CDKN2A mutation was correlated with gender(χ2=16.574,P=0.000).COX regression model analysis showed that only KRAS mutation was an independent risk factor for disease free survival and overall survival(HR=1.776, 95%CI: 1.079-2.923, P=0.024; HR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.016-3.639, P=0.045); KRASG12D mutation was associated with shorter OS(P=0.007). Conclusion KRAS and its subgroup KRASG12D mutation can be used as a prognostic index for patients with radical resection of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To examine the prognostic value of four important driver gene mutations in patients with radical resection of pancreatic cancer. Methods The clinical data and follow‐up data of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing radical pancreatectomy and targeted sequencing from January 2016 to March 2018 at Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 159 males and 88 females,aged of (60.8±8.7)years(range:33-83 years) and preoperative CA19‐9 of (492.4 ± 496.6)kU/L(range: 2-1 200 kU/L). One hundred and fifty nine cases of tumors were located in the head and 88 cases in the body and tail of the pancreas. After univariate analysis of clinical pathological factors (including gender, age, preoperative CA19‐9, tumor location, tumor differentiation, pathological T and N stage, Micr. perineural invasion, Micr. lympho‐vascular invasion, resection margin), the variable whose P<0.1 was included in COX regression model with four important driver gene mutations to find which mutation was related to prognosis independently. The number of gene mutations and KRAS subgroups were analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier curve.Results Among 247 patients,the number of KRAS,TP53, SMAD4 and CDKN2A mutations was 212 cases(85.8%), 160 cases(64.8%), 66 cases(26.7%) and 44 cases (17.8%),respectively.KRAS mutation was correlated with the tumor differentiation and pathological T stage (χ2=24.570/6.690, P=0.000/0.035), TP53 mutation was correlated with the tumor differentiation and the resected margin(χ2=5.500/4.620, P=0.019/0.032), and CDKN2A mutation was correlated with gender(χ2=16.574,P=0.000).COX regression model analysis showed that only KRAS mutation was an independent risk factor for disease free survival and overall survival(HR=1.776, 95%CI: 1.079-2.923, P=0.024; HR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.016-3.639, P=0.045); KRASG12D mutation was associated with shorter OS(P=0.007). Conclusion KRAS and its subgroup KRASG12D mutation can be used as a prognostic index for patients with radical resection of pancreatic cancer.

Objectives To investigate the changes of erythropoietin(EPO)expression in rats after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal,sham,cerebral ischemic/reperfusion(CIR)groups.Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MACO)model was established by Longa's method,and reperfusion was followed 2 hours after occlusion in CIR group.The rats' brain neurological deficit scores were evaluated at 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h after reperfusion.The protein expression of EPO was determined by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting in each time points.Results The rats' brain neurological deficit scores at 48 h,72 h and 96 h were significantly increased(3.40±0.32,3.60±0.17,3.70±0.21,all P<0.05)compared with those at 24 h(3.00±0.22)after reperfusion in CIR group.The results of immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting showed that the positive expression of EPO proteins in rats started at 24 h(0.36±0.05,140.20±0.30)after cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury,increased significantly at 48 h(1.09±0.10,145.40±0.16),reached the peak at 72 h(1.29±0.09,156.23±0.12),began to decline at 96 h(0.98±0.04,141.56±0.36).Conclusions Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury can induce increased expression of EPO protein,which suggests that EPO may have protective effect on nerve cells under the condition of ischemia and reperfusion.

DNA typing of biological samples is an important step in performing individual identification and paternity testing in forensic applications. In practice, the detection of complex biological samples and the identification of complex kinships are challenging current biological technologies. Novel DNA technologies are also introduced into forensic genetics to improve the power of analysis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has several advantages, such as high-throughput and low cost, and can obtain detailed DNA sequences and relative contents of targeted regions, which will improve the detection of biological samples to help the analysis of forensic cases. The application of NGS in forensic genetics has received extensive attention and reports on the application of NGS in forensic genetics are increasing. In this study, we summarized the progress in the application research of NGS in the forensic genetics including the detection of genetic markers and their analytical methods. This will provide guides for related studies and forensic applications.

RNA has received m ore attention in the field of forensic m edicine and the developm ent of the new biological m arkers based on RNA show s great significance in the analysis of com plex cases. circular RNA (circRNA ) is a kind of non-coding RNA w hich is w idely reported recently. A lthough the regulatory m echanism s of generation and expression are not fully clear, the existing research indicates that circRNA has im portant biological functions. C ircRNA has a cell-type-specific expression w ith great stability and a high expression level, w hich m akes it m eaningful in forensic applications potentially. In this paper, the research progress, the generation and regulation of circRNA as w ell as its biological characteristics and functions are sum m arized, w hich w ill provide references for related studies and foren-sic applications.

Objective To determine the relationship between dietary fiber intake and risk of prostate cancer.Methods Electronic databases including PubMed,EMBase,Cochrane library,China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI),Wanfang and CBMwere searched to find eligible studies.Random-effects relative risk (RR)and its corresponding 95%CI were used.Besides,random-effects dose-response analyses were also performed to clarify the dose-response relations.Results Ten studies,including five cohort studies and five case-control studies,were eligible and included in this Meta-analysis.The pooled RR of prostate cancer for the highest compared with the lowest dietary fiber intake was 0.87 (95%CI:0.77-0.99,Z =2.10,P =0.035). In addition,pooled estimated data showed that risk of prostate cancer was significantly associated with soluble fiber (RR =0.78,95%CI:0.64-0.95,Z =2.45,P =0.014)and insoluble fiber (RR =0.65,95%CI:0.45-0.88,Z =2.79,P =0.005),but not with fruit,vegetable and cereal fiber intake.However,in dose-response analysis,no significant association was reported (RR =0.996,95%CI:0.989-1.002).Sensitivity analysis showed that the overall results were relatively stable,and omission of any single study had little effect on the combined results.Conclusion Dietary fiber intake is negative related to the risk of prostate cancer. Intake of dietary fiber is recommended to prevent prostate cancer.Considering the limitations of the included studies,more well-designed prospective studies will be needed to confirm our findings.