OBJECTIVE: To provide the experience and demonstration for the transformation of acupuncture-moxibustion techniques standards from Chinese national standards to international standards. METHODS: Questionnaire research, literature research, semi-structured interviews and expert consultation were used. RESULTS: The safety of acupuncture-moxibustion techniques was evaluated through literature research, and based on the results of the questionnaire survey, expert interviews, and expert consultation, 11 main bodies and structure of the former Chinese national standard, Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: General Rules for Drafting, were adjusted and optimized in accordance with the requirements of international standard (including the language, normative references, purpose, scope, applicable environment, target population, work team, terms and definitions, general principles and basic requirements, structural elements and text structure, and compilation process); and the first international standard, World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societis (WFAS) Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: General Rules for Drafting was formulated to specify the general rules for drafting. CONCLUSION The 3 key questions, "international compatibility", "technical operability" and "safety" should be solved technically on the basis of explicit international requirements. It is the core technical issue during transforming the national standards of technical benchmark of acupuncture and moxibustion into international standards.
Moxibustion/methods* ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Humans ; Translational Research, Biomedical/standards* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; China ; Benchmarking/standards*

This paper systematically analyzed the ancient monographs of acupuncture and moxibustion and comprehensive medical books from pre-Qin to 1911， and extracted the data according to the etiology and pathogenesis， treatment principles and methods， acupoint selection， needling and moxibustion， and taboos of needling and moxibustion. The pathogenesis of migraine in ancient books and documents is summarized as "the causes are diverse， and phlegm-dampness is the majority". For treatment， the features include "needling has a sequence， and the root and the branch should be treated separately" and "focusing on tonifying deficiency and drain excess". It is also obtained of the rich ideas of acupoints selection， extensive application records of moxibustion， unique application of bloodletting therapy and clear explanation of acupuncture and moxibustion taboos. All mentioned above is expected to enrich the ideas and methods of modern migraine treatment and improve the clinical effects.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of applying the ADDIE (analysis, design, develop, implement, evaluate) Model in clinical teaching for nursing interns in spine surgery department.Methods:Using a convenience sampling method, 44 nursing interns in the Department of Orthopedics at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected as the control group from July 2021 to May 2022, and were taught using traditional methods. From July 2022 to May 2023, 45 nursing interns were selected as the observation group, and a teaching team was formed to design a training program based on the five stages of the ADDIE instructional design model. This program was tailored to improve the overall clinical competence of the spinal surgery nursing interns. After training, the teaching effects were evaluated based on knowledge test scores, skills test scores, overall clinical competence, and teaching satisfaction.Results:After the training, the skills test scores in specialized nursing for the observation group were (94.87±1.10) points, higher than the control group's (93.98±1.41) points, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). The observation group also scored higher than the control group in clinical judgment, organizational effectiveness, overall performance, and total score in the Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). Additionally, the observation group reported higher satisfaction with the teaching plan and methods compared to the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Clinical teaching for spinal surgery nursing interns based on the ADDIE instructional design model can improve their specialized practical skills and overall clinical competence. The interns also expressed a high level of acceptance for this teaching design model.

6-[¹⁸F]fluoro-L-dopa (¹⁸F-DOPA) is a levodopa analogue. ¹⁸F-DOPA PET/CT imaging is considered as an ideal tool in the diagnosis and evaluation of Parkinson′s disease, brain tumors, pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, neuroblastoma, gastrointestinal carcinoid, medullary thyroid cancer and congenital hyperinsulinemia. This paper reviews the synthesis, mechanism of localization, imaging procedures, clinical indications and research advances of ¹⁸F-DOPA.

Humans ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on motor recovery in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury （SCI）. Methods 22 patients with T5～T12 incomplete spinal cord injury (ASIA C) were randomly divided into rTMS group and control group. 12 ptients in rTMS group were treated with 10Hz rTMS （10×5 s with 2 min interval) on motor cortex and rehabilitation. 10 patients in control group treated with rehabilitation only. They were assessed with ASIA motor score, ASIA pin prick score, ASIA light touch score, range of motion (ROM) of legs in antigravitation position, walking index for spinal cord injury Ⅱ (WISCIⅡ) and functional independence measure (FIM) score before and 4 weeks after treatment. Results There was no difference between two groups with the clinical assessment before treatment （P>0.05）. The ASIA motor score, ROM of legs and FIM score improved in both groups after treatment （P<0.05）. The score of WISCIⅡ also improved in rTMS group （P<0.05）, and ASIA motor score improved more in rTMS group than that of control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion rTMS can facilitate the recovery of the motor and walking function in patient with incomplete spinal cord injury.