Hepatitis virus is the main pathogen causing liver inflammation and damage. Early detection is crucial for the effective treatment of hepatitis. The detection technology of hepatitis virus has gone through multiple stages, including immunological detection technology and nucleic acid detection technology. The emergence of emerging molecular detection technologies makes its detection more sensitive and convenient, including nanotechnology, Raman spectroscopy technology, microfluidic technology and biosensor technology. The development of these technologies has promoted the early diagnosis of hepatitis, but their clinic applications are still facing challenges. In the future, the development of hepatitis virus detection technology is expected to transform in the form of multidimensional and interdisciplinary innovation process, with its core objectives being the realization of more precise, convenient, and accessible detection methods, thereby comprehensively advancing the progress of hepatitis prevention and control efforts.

Objective:To evaluate spinal-pelvic mobility and sagittal spinal-pelvic alignment characteristics in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and to investigate differences in sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters between patients with DDH and those with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).Methods:A total of 55 patients with DDH who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between April 2021 and March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The cohort included 8 males and 47 females, with a mean age of 56.16±10.82 years (range: 26-76 years). Among them, 18 patients had bilateral DDH and 37 had unilateral DDH. Fifty-five age- and sex-matched patients with ONFH were selected as the control group. Unilateral DDH cases were classified according to the Hartofilakidis classification: 18 cases of type A, 13 cases of type B, and 6 cases of type C. Lateral spinal-pelvic radiographs were used to measure pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and lumbar lordosis (LL) in both standing and sitting positions. Changes in sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters between standing and sitting positions were analyzed to assess spinal-pelvic mobility. Spinal-pelvic mobility was considered abnormal if △SS was outside the range of 10°-30°. Abnormal mobility was further categorized as stiffness (△SS<10°) or hypermobility (△SS>30°).Results:The PI (52.37°±12.43°), standing PT (12.13°±9.50°), and sitting PT (36.49°±13.43°) of DDH patients were significantly higher than those of ONFH patients (44.88°±11.38°, 7.80°±11.36°, and 28.91°±11.38°, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility, including both stiffness and hypermobility, was observed in 53% of DDH patients, with stiffness accounting for 20%. These proportions were significantly higher than those in ONFH patients, which were 24% and 6%, respectively ( P<0.05). The prevalence of abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility in Hartofilakidis type C DDH patients was 83%, significantly higher than the 30.8% observed in type B patients (χ 2=4.550, P=0.033). The standing LL (54.37°±11.59°) and sitting LL (28.56°±15.51°) in unilateral DDH patients were significantly greater than those in bilateral DDH patients (46.88°±15.30° and 20.42°±9.77°, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( P< 0.05). Conclusions:Compared with patients with ONFH, those with DDH demonstrate a higher prevalence of abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility, particularly a greater incidence of spinal stiffness. Among DDH subtypes, Hartofilakidis type C patients exhibit a higher proportion of abnormal mobility compared to types A and B. Additionally, patients with unilateral DDH present with greater lumbar lordosis than those with bilateral involvement.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) system is renowned for its exceptional gene-editing capabilities. In recent years, the discovery of the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12 and Cas13 proteins has shown great potential in the field of molecular diagnostics. The trans-cleavage activity of the CRISPR-Cas system has been widely applied in point-of-care testing (POCT). This article will provide a detailed discussion on the principles, advantages, and challenges of combining the CRISPR-Cas system with lateral flow assays, colorimetric methods, microfluidic technologies, smartphone applications, and portable detection sets. The CRISPR-Cas system demonstrates versatility in the POCT field with its ability to detect nucleic acids, pathogenic microorganisms, and non-nucleic acid targets. As CRISPR-Cas-based POCT continues to advance, these developments provide strong support for the formulation of personalized medical and public health strategies, further promoting the realization of precision medicine.

Objective:To evaluate spinal-pelvic mobility and sagittal spinal-pelvic alignment characteristics in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and to investigate differences in sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters between patients with DDH and those with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).Methods:A total of 55 patients with DDH who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between April 2021 and March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The cohort included 8 males and 47 females, with a mean age of 56.16±10.82 years (range: 26-76 years). Among them, 18 patients had bilateral DDH and 37 had unilateral DDH. Fifty-five age- and sex-matched patients with ONFH were selected as the control group. Unilateral DDH cases were classified according to the Hartofilakidis classification: 18 cases of type A, 13 cases of type B, and 6 cases of type C. Lateral spinal-pelvic radiographs were used to measure pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and lumbar lordosis (LL) in both standing and sitting positions. Changes in sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters between standing and sitting positions were analyzed to assess spinal-pelvic mobility. Spinal-pelvic mobility was considered abnormal if △SS was outside the range of 10°-30°. Abnormal mobility was further categorized as stiffness (△SS<10°) or hypermobility (△SS>30°).Results:The PI (52.37°±12.43°), standing PT (12.13°±9.50°), and sitting PT (36.49°±13.43°) of DDH patients were significantly higher than those of ONFH patients (44.88°±11.38°, 7.80°±11.36°, and 28.91°±11.38°, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility, including both stiffness and hypermobility, was observed in 53% of DDH patients, with stiffness accounting for 20%. These proportions were significantly higher than those in ONFH patients, which were 24% and 6%, respectively ( P<0.05). The prevalence of abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility in Hartofilakidis type C DDH patients was 83%, significantly higher than the 30.8% observed in type B patients (χ 2=4.550, P=0.033). The standing LL (54.37°±11.59°) and sitting LL (28.56°±15.51°) in unilateral DDH patients were significantly greater than those in bilateral DDH patients (46.88°±15.30° and 20.42°±9.77°, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( P< 0.05). Conclusions:Compared with patients with ONFH, those with DDH demonstrate a higher prevalence of abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility, particularly a greater incidence of spinal stiffness. Among DDH subtypes, Hartofilakidis type C patients exhibit a higher proportion of abnormal mobility compared to types A and B. Additionally, patients with unilateral DDH present with greater lumbar lordosis than those with bilateral involvement.

Bacterial drug resistance has become one of the public health threats facing humanity.When bacteria de-velop resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents,infections become difficult to control,often requiring the use of drugs with greater toxicity or higher doses of antimicrobial agents,posing unprecedented challenges to clinical an-ti-infective treatment.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial drugs.However,the devel-opment of antimicrobial drugs is confronted with high costs,a lack of new targets,and insufficient market incen-tives,all of which have led to slow progress in new drug development.Anti-infective therapy using non-antimicro-bial drugs with known pharmacology and toxicology has become a research hotspot,opening up new avenues for antimicrobial therapy.This article reviews the latest research progress on the anti-infective effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,antidepressants,statins,antihypertensive drugs,antidiabetic drugs,antitumor drugs,antiplatelet drugs,antihistamines,sex hormones,local anesthetics,proton pump inhibitors,and anthelmintics,and summarizes their antimicrobial mechanisms.This not only expands our understanding of the anti-infective properties of these drugs but also promotes their re-evaluation and reutilization in clinical practice,providing new strategies for addressing the issue of bacterial resistance.

Bacterial drug resistance has become one of the public health threats facing humanity.When bacteria de-velop resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents,infections become difficult to control,often requiring the use of drugs with greater toxicity or higher doses of antimicrobial agents,posing unprecedented challenges to clinical an-ti-infective treatment.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial drugs.However,the devel-opment of antimicrobial drugs is confronted with high costs,a lack of new targets,and insufficient market incen-tives,all of which have led to slow progress in new drug development.Anti-infective therapy using non-antimicro-bial drugs with known pharmacology and toxicology has become a research hotspot,opening up new avenues for antimicrobial therapy.This article reviews the latest research progress on the anti-infective effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,antidepressants,statins,antihypertensive drugs,antidiabetic drugs,antitumor drugs,antiplatelet drugs,antihistamines,sex hormones,local anesthetics,proton pump inhibitors,and anthelmintics,and summarizes their antimicrobial mechanisms.This not only expands our understanding of the anti-infective properties of these drugs but also promotes their re-evaluation and reutilization in clinical practice,providing new strategies for addressing the issue of bacterial resistance.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) system is renowned for its exceptional gene-editing capabilities. In recent years, the discovery of the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12 and Cas13 proteins has shown great potential in the field of molecular diagnostics. The trans-cleavage activity of the CRISPR-Cas system has been widely applied in point-of-care testing (POCT). This article will provide a detailed discussion on the principles, advantages, and challenges of combining the CRISPR-Cas system with lateral flow assays, colorimetric methods, microfluidic technologies, smartphone applications, and portable detection sets. The CRISPR-Cas system demonstrates versatility in the POCT field with its ability to detect nucleic acids, pathogenic microorganisms, and non-nucleic acid targets. As CRISPR-Cas-based POCT continues to advance, these developments provide strong support for the formulation of personalized medical and public health strategies, further promoting the realization of precision medicine.

Hepatitis virus is the main pathogen causing liver inflammation and damage. Early detection is crucial for the effective treatment of hepatitis. The detection technology of hepatitis virus has gone through multiple stages, including immunological detection technology and nucleic acid detection technology. The emergence of emerging molecular detection technologies makes its detection more sensitive and convenient, including nanotechnology, Raman spectroscopy technology, microfluidic technology and biosensor technology. The development of these technologies has promoted the early diagnosis of hepatitis, but their clinic applications are still facing challenges. In the future, the development of hepatitis virus detection technology is expected to transform in the form of multidimensional and interdisciplinary innovation process, with its core objectives being the realization of more precise, convenient, and accessible detection methods, thereby comprehensively advancing the progress of hepatitis prevention and control efforts.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of lung injury related to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).Methods:The electronic medical records of patients with lung injury who received TKIs treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from August 2014 to May 2019 were collected by searching the Hospital Information System and retrospectively analyzed. The data extracted from the medical records included the patient′s gender, age, primary disease, clinical manifestation, TKIs medication, time from TKIs medication to occurrence of lung injury, laboratory test and imaging examination results, treatment and outcome, etc.Results:A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study, including 10 males and 10 females. Their ages were from 32 to 75 years, with a median age of 60 years. The primary diseases were lung adenocarcinoma in 16 cases, chronic myeloid leukemia in 3 cases, and small intestinal stromal cell tumor in 1 case; 6 patients had smoking history; the clinical manifestations were cough in 19 patients, shortness of breath after activity in 17 patients, expectoration in 12 patients, chest pain and fever in 5 patients each, fatigue in 1 patient, and hypoxemia in 13 patients. Among the 20 patients, 17 were treated with epidermal growth factor receptor TKI and 3 with imatinib. The time of occurrence of lung injury was 2 days to 2 years after medication, with a median time of 1 month. Laboratory tests showed that the level of C-reactive protein increased in 15 patients, the level of Krebs von den Lungren-6 increased in 11 patients, procalcitonin increased in 11 patients, erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased in 10 patients, and lactate dehydrogenase increased in 6 patients; partial pressure of oxygen decreased in 13 patients, oxygen saturation decreased in 11 patients, partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreased in 7 patients, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide increased in 5 patients. All 20 patients underwent chest CT examination, showing patchy ground glass shadow in 18 patients, pleural effusion in 8 patients, nodules in 6 patients, interlobular septal thickening in 3 patients, grid fuzzy shadow in 2 patients, and pneumothorax in 1 patient. After the occurrence of lung injury, all patients stopped TKIs, 18 received glucocorticoid and symptomatic treatments, 4 were cured, 9 were improved, 4 had poor efficacy, and 1 died; 2 patients were improved only after anti-infection and symptomatic treatments.Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of lung injury related to TKIs are nonspecific, and the time from medication to occurrence of adverse reactions varies. After drug withdrawal and receiving glucocorticoid and symptomatic treatments, the prognosis in most patients is good. However, the occurrence of adverse consequences should be paid attention to.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of lung injury related to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).Methods:The electronic medical records of patients with lung injury who received TKIs treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from August 2014 to May 2019 were collected by searching the Hospital Information System and retrospectively analyzed. The data extracted from the medical records included the patient′s gender, age, primary disease, clinical manifestation, TKIs medication, time from TKIs medication to occurrence of lung injury, laboratory test and imaging examination results, treatment and outcome, etc.Results:A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study, including 10 males and 10 females. Their ages were from 32 to 75 years, with a median age of 60 years. The primary diseases were lung adenocarcinoma in 16 cases, chronic myeloid leukemia in 3 cases, and small intestinal stromal cell tumor in 1 case; 6 patients had smoking history; the clinical manifestations were cough in 19 patients, shortness of breath after activity in 17 patients, expectoration in 12 patients, chest pain and fever in 5 patients each, fatigue in 1 patient, and hypoxemia in 13 patients. Among the 20 patients, 17 were treated with epidermal growth factor receptor TKI and 3 with imatinib. The time of occurrence of lung injury was 2 days to 2 years after medication, with a median time of 1 month. Laboratory tests showed that the level of C-reactive protein increased in 15 patients, the level of Krebs von den Lungren-6 increased in 11 patients, procalcitonin increased in 11 patients, erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased in 10 patients, and lactate dehydrogenase increased in 6 patients; partial pressure of oxygen decreased in 13 patients, oxygen saturation decreased in 11 patients, partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreased in 7 patients, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide increased in 5 patients. All 20 patients underwent chest CT examination, showing patchy ground glass shadow in 18 patients, pleural effusion in 8 patients, nodules in 6 patients, interlobular septal thickening in 3 patients, grid fuzzy shadow in 2 patients, and pneumothorax in 1 patient. After the occurrence of lung injury, all patients stopped TKIs, 18 received glucocorticoid and symptomatic treatments, 4 were cured, 9 were improved, 4 had poor efficacy, and 1 died; 2 patients were improved only after anti-infection and symptomatic treatments.Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of lung injury related to TKIs are nonspecific, and the time from medication to occurrence of adverse reactions varies. After drug withdrawal and receiving glucocorticoid and symptomatic treatments, the prognosis in most patients is good. However, the occurrence of adverse consequences should be paid attention to.