Objective To study the characteristics and correlation of tone perception and production in Man-darin Chinese in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Methods Thirty-one children with ASD and 26 normal children were tested on their recognition of the four Mandarin tones.Simultaneously,the acoustic features of the four tones produced in the words"wa1"(frog,with first tone),"wa2"(doll,with second tone),"wa3"(tile,with third tone),and"wa4"(sock,with fourth tone)were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The ASD group exhibited significantly lower recognition accuracy rates for all four tones compared to the control group(P＜0.05),with highly significant differences for the second and third tones(P＜0.001).Significant differ-ences were also found in the standard deviation of the fundamental frequency(F0)for the production of all four tones between the ASD and control groups.Furthermore,the slope of the second tone and the turning point F0 and falling slope of the third tone showed significant differences(P＜0.05 or P＜0.001).Correlation analysis revealed that the recognition accuracy of the second tone was positively correlated with the slope of the first and second tones and the F0 standard deviation.The recognition accuracy of the third tone was negatively correlated with the turning point F0,and that of the fourth tone was negatively correlated with the falling slope of the third tone.Conclusion Children with ASD demonstrate deficits in tone perception and production,with prominent difficulties in recognizing and producing the second and third tones,and overall instability in tone production.

Objective To study the characteristics and correlation of tone perception and production in Man-darin Chinese in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Methods Thirty-one children with ASD and 26 normal children were tested on their recognition of the four Mandarin tones.Simultaneously,the acoustic features of the four tones produced in the words"wa1"(frog,with first tone),"wa2"(doll,with second tone),"wa3"(tile,with third tone),and"wa4"(sock,with fourth tone)were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The ASD group exhibited significantly lower recognition accuracy rates for all four tones compared to the control group(P＜0.05),with highly significant differences for the second and third tones(P＜0.001).Significant differ-ences were also found in the standard deviation of the fundamental frequency(F0)for the production of all four tones between the ASD and control groups.Furthermore,the slope of the second tone and the turning point F0 and falling slope of the third tone showed significant differences(P＜0.05 or P＜0.001).Correlation analysis revealed that the recognition accuracy of the second tone was positively correlated with the slope of the first and second tones and the F0 standard deviation.The recognition accuracy of the third tone was negatively correlated with the turning point F0,and that of the fourth tone was negatively correlated with the falling slope of the third tone.Conclusion Children with ASD demonstrate deficits in tone perception and production,with prominent difficulties in recognizing and producing the second and third tones,and overall instability in tone production.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in clinic, and the incidence of rare adverse events are increasing. The aim of this paper is to better define the rare adverse effect of diabetes mellitus associated with ICIs. We report 2 cases of diabetes mellitus associated with ICIs. Literature review was conducted and we discussed the clinical presentation, potential mechanisms and suggestions for optimal management. Two patients were both elderly women, case 1 had increased blood glucose after 7 months of using Durvalumab, and cases 2 had diabetic ketoacidosis after 6 weeks of using Pembrolizumab. Both patients were administered exogenous insulin to control blood glucose. Case 1 has been treated with Durvalumab until now and case 2 discontinued using of Pembrolizumab. HLA genotypes and other factors may explain the risk factors of diabetes associated with ICIs in some individuals. Diabetes mellitus associated with ICIs is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening endocrine system adverse event, which requires doctors to be vigilant. The patients who use ICIs need to monitor blood glucose. If they have hyperglycemia, endocrinologists should be asked to assist in diagnosis and treatment.
.
Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy* ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*

Objective:To investigate the positive rate and the value of differential diagnosis of four serum antibodies, including perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (pANCA) , anti-saccharomyses cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) , antibodies against exocrine pancreas (PAB) and antibodies to intestinal goblet cells (GAB) in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) .Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 199 IBD patients in Beijing Children′s Hospital of Capital University from January 2013 to June 2019, including 109 cases of Crohn′s disease (CD) and 90 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) . The data of pANCA, ASCA, GAB, PAB were collected. Taking the clinical diagnosis as standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the four antibodies alone and combination for the diagnosis of UC and CD were calculated.Results:The positive rate of pANCA in UC group was obviously higher than that in CD group (32.22% vs. 18.35%, P<0.05) , while the positive rate of ASCA was significantly higher in CD group than that in UC group (27.52% vs. 10.00%, P<0.05) . There were no significant differences in the positive rates of PAB and GAB between CD group and UC group. In CD patients, the diagnostic sensitivity of ASCA was 27.52%, and the specificity was 90.00%; the diagnostic sensitivity of ASCA +/GAB -, pANCA -/ASCA + and ASCA +/PAB - to CD was 26.61%, 22.94%, 22.02%, and the specificity was 90.00%, 95.55% and 92.22%, respectively. In children with UC, the diagnostic sensitivity of pANCA was 32.22%, and the specificity was 81.65%; the diagnostic sensitivity of pANCA +/GAB -, pANCA +/ASCA -, pANCA +/PAB - to UC was 31.11%, 28.89%, 25.56%, and the specificity was 81.65%, 86.23%, and 83.49%, respectively. Other antibodies alone or combinations were not effective in the differential diagnosis of CD and UC (all P<0.05) . Conclusions:Positive rate of pANCA is higher in UC children and positive rate of ASCA is higher in CD children. Each antibody alone or combination has low sensitivity and high specificity in the differential diagnosis of CD and UC.

Objective:To investigate the positive rate and the value of differential diagnosis of four serum antibodies, including perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (pANCA) , anti-saccharomyses cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) , antibodies against exocrine pancreas (PAB) and antibodies to intestinal goblet cells (GAB) in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) .Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 199 IBD patients in Beijing Children′s Hospital of Capital University from January 2013 to June 2019, including 109 cases of Crohn′s disease (CD) and 90 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) . The data of pANCA, ASCA, GAB, PAB were collected. Taking the clinical diagnosis as standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the four antibodies alone and combination for the diagnosis of UC and CD were calculated.Results:The positive rate of pANCA in UC group was obviously higher than that in CD group (32.22% vs. 18.35%, P<0.05) , while the positive rate of ASCA was significantly higher in CD group than that in UC group (27.52% vs. 10.00%, P<0.05) . There were no significant differences in the positive rates of PAB and GAB between CD group and UC group. In CD patients, the diagnostic sensitivity of ASCA was 27.52%, and the specificity was 90.00%; the diagnostic sensitivity of ASCA +/GAB -, pANCA -/ASCA + and ASCA +/PAB - to CD was 26.61%, 22.94%, 22.02%, and the specificity was 90.00%, 95.55% and 92.22%, respectively. In children with UC, the diagnostic sensitivity of pANCA was 32.22%, and the specificity was 81.65%; the diagnostic sensitivity of pANCA +/GAB -, pANCA +/ASCA -, pANCA +/PAB - to UC was 31.11%, 28.89%, 25.56%, and the specificity was 81.65%, 86.23%, and 83.49%, respectively. Other antibodies alone or combinations were not effective in the differential diagnosis of CD and UC (all P<0.05) . Conclusions:Positive rate of pANCA is higher in UC children and positive rate of ASCA is higher in CD children. Each antibody alone or combination has low sensitivity and high specificity in the differential diagnosis of CD and UC.

Objective:To investigate the potential prognostic value of cyclin D1 expression in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its relationship with taxol (Docetaxel)/cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (TPF) induction chemothera-py. Methods:A total of 256 patients with locally advanced OSCC were selected from Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Ji-ao Tong University School of Medicine between March 2008 and December 2010 as the objects of study in this prospective randomized clinical trial. The effect of TPF induction chemotherapy was investigated. Immunohistochemical staining against cyclin D1 was per-formed in the pretreatment biopsy specimen of the patients. The relationship between cyclin D1 expression and prognostic data of the TPF induction arm and control arm was analyzed. Results:Cyclin D1 expression was detected in 232 out of the 256 patients. Patients with low cyclin D1 expression showed significantly better overall survival (OS) (P=0.001), disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.003), lo-coregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (P=0.004), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (P=0.001) than those with high cy-clin D1 expression. No significant differences existed in OS, DFS, LRFS, or DMFS between the patients with TPF induction chemother-apy and the control. Cyclin D1 expression levels were not predictive of the benefit from TPF induction chemotherapy in the overall pop-ulation. However, patients with nodal stage cN2 and high cyclin D1 expression, who were undergoing TPF chemotherapeutic regimen, showed significantly higher OS (P=0.024) and DMFS (P=0.024) than cN2 patients with high cyclin D1 expression but undergoing stan-dard surgical treatment. Conclusion:Cyclin D1 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for patients with locally advanced OSCC. Fur-thermore, cN2 OSCC patients with high cyclin D1 expression can receive long-term benefit from the addition of TPF induction chemo-therapy to standard surgical treatment.

This study was aimed to observe the protective effect of astragalus on bones of vitamin D deficiency rat model. A total of 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, which were the control group, model group, and the astragalus group. The experimental period was 8 weeks. After the experiment, enzyme immunoassay was used for the detection of serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 [25 (OH)VD3], fibroblast growth factor-23 [FGF-23], Klotho, and HE staining of femur. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, the vitamin D deficiency rat model group had a decrease in both serum 25 (OH)VD3 and Klotho, and a increase in FGF-23, which meant the ex-istence of osteoporosis. Compared with the model group, the astragalus group had a decrease in both the serum 25 (OH)VD3 and FGF-23, and a increase in Klotho, which meant the osteoporosis of the astragalus group had been im-proved significantly. It was concluded that astragalus can regulate FGF-23 and Klotho in vitamin D deficiency rats in order to have a protective effect for bones.