Reach-to-grasp movements require integrating information on both object location and grip type, but how these elements are planned and to what extent they interact remains unclear. We designed a new experimental paradigm in which monkeys sequentially received reach and grasp cues with delays, requiring them to retain and integrate both cues to grasp the goal object with appropriate hand gestures. Neural activity in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) revealed that reach and grasp were similarly represented yet not independent. Upon receiving the second cue, the PMd continued encoding the first, but over half of the neurons displayed incongruent modulations: enhanced, attenuated, or even reversed. Population-level analysis showed significant changes in encoding structure, forming distinct neural patterns. Leveraging canonical correlation analysis, we identified a shared subspace preserving the initial cue's encoding, contributed by both congruent and incongruent neurons. Together, these findings reveal a novel perspective on the interactive planning of reach and grasp within the PMd, providing insights into potential applications for brain-machine interfaces.
Animals ; Motor Cortex/physiology* ; Hand Strength/physiology* ; Macaca mulatta ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology* ; Neurons/physiology* ; Male ; Cues ; Movement/physiology* ; Gestures

Intestinal flora imbalance is closely related to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The existing studies have explored the monomer components such as tripterygium glycosides, total glycosides of Chaenomeles speciosa, and triterpenoid saponins of Clematis, Chinese materia medica such as Tripterygium wilfordii, Caulis Sinomenii, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Fructus Gardeniae, Fructus Chebulae, Radix Ginseng, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Pterostilbene, and Ginger, as well as the mechanisms of Danggui Sini Decoction, Danggui Niantong Decoction, Duhuo Jisheng Decoction, Yunpi Jiedu Tongluo Qushi Decoction, Qingre Huoxue Decoction, Compound Fengshining, Qingre Yangyin Chushi Decoction, Aconitum Decoction, Zhijing Powder, Jinwu Jiangu Capsule, and Fermented Chinese Medicine Qushi Chubi Decoction in intervening RA by regulating intestinal flora, suggesting that Chinese materia medica can restore intestinal homeostasis, reduce joint inflammation and play a role in the prevention and treatment of RA by regulating immune response, improving intestinal mucosal barrier and regulating intestinal metabolites.

Objective:To systematically integrate the qualitative research results on the exercise experience and needs of patients with Parkinson's disease at home and abroad, and to provide a reference for formulating exercise management plans that are in line with the feelings of patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods:Computer retrieval was conducted in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, and ProQuest for qualitative studies on the exercise experience of patients with Parkinson's disease. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the databases to August 8, 2024.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, and 34 research results were extracted. Similar research results were grouped into 11 new categories and integrated into 4 integrated results, namely the incentive factors for patients with Parkinson's disease to participate in exercise, the perceived benefits of patients with Parkinson's disease in exercise, the perceived difficulties of patients with Parkinson's disease in exercise, and the needs of patients with Parkinson's disease to participate in exercise.Conclusions:Exercise has a positive effect on improving the physical and mental conditions of patients with Parkinson's disease. Medical staff should fully consider the needs of patients and formulate safe and reasonable exercise plans to improve the motor life ability of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective:To summarize ICU acquired weakness (ICU-AW) assessment tools from both domestic and international sources, providing a reference for healthcare providers in evaluating ICU-AW.Methods:Using Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scope reviews, a computer search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc for relevant information on ICU-AW assessment tools. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to March 31, 2024. Two researchers independently summarized and analyzed the included literature.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, of which seven focused on the development/construction of prediction models, and seven were related to assessment tools, involving 17 different ICU-AW assessment tools.Conclusions:Researchers should develop and construct ICU-AW risk assessment tools with low bias risk and high clinical applicability based on existing ICU-AW assessment tools, providing effective instruments for the precise health management of ICU patients.

Objective To observe the value of self-made self-coagulating denture power helmet for PET/CT scanning of adult rats.Methods Eleven adult healthy male SD rats with body weight of 290-300 g were selected.Taken 1 rat's head as a reference,a self-made helmet with a thickness of 2 mm was obtained using self-coagulating denture powder to fix the rat's head.Then the other 10 rats were randomly divided into group A and group B(each n=5).The heads of rats were fixed with helmets,and 18F-FDG PET(scanning time 20 min)and CT images were acquired.Pain models were constructed using rats in group B through injection of 5％formaldehyde solution 0.10 ml at the right foot at the 11th minute during PET collection.The imaging quality of 18F-FDG PET/CT in group A was observed,and CT gray values of the olfactory bulb covered by helmet and soft tissue area posterior occipital region without helmet coverage in group A were compared.The quality of PET images before and after pain induction in group B were analyzed to evaluate the fixation effect of helmet.Based on PET images,the changes of 18F-FDG standard uptake value ratio(SUVR)in primary somatosensory cortex hindlimb region(S1HL)in group B after pain induction were observed.Results PET and CT images in group A were clear,with no obvious foreign body artifacts.CT gray values of olfactory bulb and soft tissue in posterior occipital region in group A was 257.0±50.7 and 194.4±55.4,respectively,being not significantly different(P=0.054).PET images before and after pain induction in group B showed no obvious artifacts,and the continuity between covered area of helmet and non-covered area was good.After pain induction,S1HL on the contralateral side of pain induction in group B significantly activated.The ratio of SUVRafter pain induction/SUVRbefore pain induction in S1HL on the contralateral side of pain induction was 1.19±0.07,and SUVRafter pain induction was higher than SUVRbefore pain induction(P=0.001).Conclusion Self-made self-coagulation denture powder helmet could effectively fix head of adult rat during PET/CT scanning.

Objective To observe the value of self-made self-coagulating denture power helmet for PET/CT scanning of adult rats.Methods Eleven adult healthy male SD rats with body weight of 290-300 g were selected.Taken 1 rat's head as a reference,a self-made helmet with a thickness of 2 mm was obtained using self-coagulating denture powder to fix the rat's head.Then the other 10 rats were randomly divided into group A and group B(each n=5).The heads of rats were fixed with helmets,and 18F-FDG PET(scanning time 20 min)and CT images were acquired.Pain models were constructed using rats in group B through injection of 5％formaldehyde solution 0.10 ml at the right foot at the 11th minute during PET collection.The imaging quality of 18F-FDG PET/CT in group A was observed,and CT gray values of the olfactory bulb covered by helmet and soft tissue area posterior occipital region without helmet coverage in group A were compared.The quality of PET images before and after pain induction in group B were analyzed to evaluate the fixation effect of helmet.Based on PET images,the changes of 18F-FDG standard uptake value ratio(SUVR)in primary somatosensory cortex hindlimb region(S1HL)in group B after pain induction were observed.Results PET and CT images in group A were clear,with no obvious foreign body artifacts.CT gray values of olfactory bulb and soft tissue in posterior occipital region in group A was 257.0±50.7 and 194.4±55.4,respectively,being not significantly different(P=0.054).PET images before and after pain induction in group B showed no obvious artifacts,and the continuity between covered area of helmet and non-covered area was good.After pain induction,S1HL on the contralateral side of pain induction in group B significantly activated.The ratio of SUVRafter pain induction/SUVRbefore pain induction in S1HL on the contralateral side of pain induction was 1.19±0.07,and SUVRafter pain induction was higher than SUVRbefore pain induction(P=0.001).Conclusion Self-made self-coagulation denture powder helmet could effectively fix head of adult rat during PET/CT scanning.

Objective:To systematically integrate the qualitative research results on the exercise experience and needs of patients with Parkinson's disease at home and abroad, and to provide a reference for formulating exercise management plans that are in line with the feelings of patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods:Computer retrieval was conducted in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, and ProQuest for qualitative studies on the exercise experience of patients with Parkinson's disease. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the databases to August 8, 2024.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, and 34 research results were extracted. Similar research results were grouped into 11 new categories and integrated into 4 integrated results, namely the incentive factors for patients with Parkinson's disease to participate in exercise, the perceived benefits of patients with Parkinson's disease in exercise, the perceived difficulties of patients with Parkinson's disease in exercise, and the needs of patients with Parkinson's disease to participate in exercise.Conclusions:Exercise has a positive effect on improving the physical and mental conditions of patients with Parkinson's disease. Medical staff should fully consider the needs of patients and formulate safe and reasonable exercise plans to improve the motor life ability of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective:To summarize ICU acquired weakness (ICU-AW) assessment tools from both domestic and international sources, providing a reference for healthcare providers in evaluating ICU-AW.Methods:Using Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scope reviews, a computer search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc for relevant information on ICU-AW assessment tools. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to March 31, 2024. Two researchers independently summarized and analyzed the included literature.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, of which seven focused on the development/construction of prediction models, and seven were related to assessment tools, involving 17 different ICU-AW assessment tools.Conclusions:Researchers should develop and construct ICU-AW risk assessment tools with low bias risk and high clinical applicability based on existing ICU-AW assessment tools, providing effective instruments for the precise health management of ICU patients.

Objective:To establish an indicator system for surveillance of data sources to provide a theoretical basis for respiratory infectious disease surveillance and early warning.Methods:Indicators for data sources in the surveillance of acute respiratory infectious diseases were initially compiled through a literature search. Subsequently, two rounds of expert consultations were conducted with 22 experts using the Delphi method to refine the indicators.Results:The questionnaire recovery rates for the two rounds of expert consultation were 100.00% and 86.36%, respectively. The authority coefficient of the experts was 0.83. The coordination coefficient of the second round of Delphi expert consultation was 0.32, and the coefficient of variation of each indicator was less than 0.25. Finally, the indicators system of data source for the surveillance of acute respiratory infectious diseases includes 4 first-level indicators, 10 second-level indicators, and 26 third-level indicators.Conclusion:The indicator system of data sources for the surveillance of acute respiratory infectious diseases constructed in this study is reasonable and reliable, providing a valuable reference for surveillance, early warning and policy formulation of acute respiratory infectious diseases.

Objective:To explore the impact of multimorbidity on disability in older adults, providing a reference for formulating strategies for the management and nursing of multimorbidity and disability in older adults.Methods:Adopting the method of cross-sectional survey research, the data of 6 469 older adults (≥60 years old) were collected from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey database in July 2023, including basic information, chronic disease prevalence, and disability measured by basic activities of daily living (BADL), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). They were divided into multimorbidity and non-multimorbidity groups based on whether they had two or more chronic diseases. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to match the basic conditions of the two groups of older adults with the proportion of 1∶1. Binary logistic regression was applied to analyze the effects of multimorbidity on BADL disability and IADL disability.Results:Among 6 469 older adults, there were 2 882 males and 3 582 females, with 3 158 aged 60-84 years old and 3 311 aged over 84 years old. BADL disability accounted for 26.5% (1 712/6 469), while IADL disability accounted for 66.8% (4 324/6 469). There were 2 335 patients in the multimorbidity group and 4 134 patients in the non-multimorbidity group. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of BADL disability in older adults in multimorbidity group was 1.511 times higher than that in the non-multimorbidity group (95% CI 1.317-1.734, P<0.01); the risk of IADL disability in older adults in the multimorbidity group was 1.618 times higher than that in the non-multimorbidity group (95% CI 1.426-1.835, P<0.01). Conclusions:Multimorbidity would increase the risk of disability in older adults. Relevant authorities should develop relevant interventions and nursing responses to enhance the prevention and management of multimorbidity and disability in older adults.