Seven novel acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts, designated as dryatraols J-P (1-7), were isolated from the rhizomes of Dryopteris atrata (Wall. ex Kunze) Ching. The structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic data, calculated ¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Diastereotopic Probability Assignment Plus (¹³C NMR-DP4+) probability analysis, and ECD calculations. These structures represent a rare subclass of carbon skeleton of acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts with a furan ring connecting the acylphloroglucinol and sesquiterpenoid moieties. Notably, compounds 1-6 are the first reported examples of acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts with dimeric acylphloroglucinol incorporated into the aristolane- or rulepidanol-type sesquiterpene, while compound 7 features a hydroxylated monomeric acylphloroglucinol motif. A preliminary evaluation of their antiviral activities revealed that compounds 1-6 exhibited more potent activities against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.75 to 3.12 μmol·L^-1 compared to the positive control (ribavirin).
Antiviral Agents/isolation & purification* ; Phloroglucinol/isolation & purification* ; Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Dryopteris/chemistry* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects* ; Humans ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

Peganum harmala L. (P. harmala) is a significant economic and medicinal plant. The seeds of P. harmala have been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine, Uighur medicine, and Mongolian medicine, as documented in the Drug Standard of the Ministry of Health of China. Twelve novel tryptamine-derived alkaloids (1-12) and eight known compounds (13-20) were isolated from P. harmala seeds. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first reported instances of tryptamine-derived heteromers, comprising tryptamine and aniline fragments with previously undocumented C-3-N-1' linkage and C-3-C-4' connection, respectively. Compounds 3-5 were identified as indole-quinazoline heteromers, exhibiting a novel C-3 and NH-1' linkage between indole and quinazoline-derived fragments. Compound 6 demonstrates the dimerization pattern of C-C linked tryptamine-quinazoline dimer. Compound 8 represents a tryptamine-derived heterodimer with a distinctive carbon skeleton, featuring an unusual spiro-tricyclic ring (7) and conventional bicyclic tryptamine. Compounds 9-11 constitute novel 6/5/5/5 spiro-tetracyclic tryptamine-derived alkaloids presenting a unique ring system of tryptamine-spiro-pyrrolizine. Compounds 1-3 and 6-11 were identified as racemates. Compounds 2, 7, 9, 10, and 12 were confirmed via X-ray crystallographic analysis. All isolated compounds (1-20) exhibited varying degrees of antiviral efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Notably, the anti-RSV activity of compound 12 (IC₅₀ 5.01 ± 0.14 μmol·L^-1) surpassed that of the positive control (ribavirin, IC₅₀ 6.23 ± 0.95 μmol·L^-1), as validated through plaque reduction and immunofluorescence assays. The identification of anti-RSV compounds from P. harmala seeds may enhance the development and application of this plant in antiviral therapeutic products.
Antiviral Agents/isolation & purification* ; Tryptamines/isolation & purification* ; Peganum/chemistry* ; Seeds/chemistry* ; Alkaloids/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Humans ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects* ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

Ribavirin is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent and glycyrrhizin has activities of anti-inflammation, immunoregulation and anti-viral infections. To enhance antiviral efficacy and weaken side-effects of ribavirin, antiviral effects of the combination of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin were studied in the present study. Firstly, a mouse model of viral pneumonia was established by inoculation of influenza H1N1 virus. Protective effects of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin used alone or in combination against H1N1 virus infection in mice were evaluated based on the survival rate, lung index and virus titer in lungs of mice. Results showed that the combination of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin significantly inhibited the lung consolidation with a 36% inhibition ratio on the lung swell of infected mice. The combination of the two drugs exhibited synergetic effects on survival of infected mice. The combination of 50 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) glycyrrhizin and 40 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) ribavirin resulted a 100% protection for infected mice with a synergetic value of 36, which was significantly higher than the control group and each drug alone. This combination also resulted a significant drop of lung virus titer (P < 0.01), as well as inhibition on the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.01) and IL-1β (P < 0.05) induced by virus infection compared to the control. The treatment of ribavirin plus glycyrrhizin was more effective in influenza A infection in mice than either compound used alone, which suggested a potential clinical value of the combination of the two agents.

Objective To know the application effects of two different hand prepping by avagard before the operation.Methods Divided operation-actors into the experimental group (121 cases) and the control group (116 cases)randomly.Kneading hand prepping by 9200 and 9230 avagard was used in the experimental group, while the brushing by 9241- D and 9250 was used in the control group.Compared the effects between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference about disinfection effects between the two groups, while the compliance of kneading hand prepping was more better than the other hand prepping method.Condusions Kneading hand prepping by avagard 9200 should be used before surgical operation.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Laggera pterodonta.

METHODThe ethanol extract of L. pterodonta was isolated by column chromatogramphy on silica gel, ODS, and Sephadex LH-20 to afford compounds. The structures of the obtained compounds were identified by chemical reactions and spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTNineteen compounds were separated and identified to be pterodondiol (1), ilicic acid (2), artemitin (3), chrysosplenetin B (4), 3,5-dihydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone (5), chrysosplenol D (6), 5,6,4'-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (7), quercetin (8), tamarixetin (9), patuletin (10), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (11), patuletin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), helichrysoside (13), 4,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone-3-O-beta-D-rutinoside (14), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15), stigmasterol (16), stigmasterol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (17), 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid (18), beta-sitosterol (19).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 5, 7, 9-15, and 17-18 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The 13C-NMR data of compound 7 is reported for the first time.

Asteraceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo research the cytotoxicity and in vitro antiproliferative effect of the six flavone compounds extracted from Laggera pterodonta.

METHODThe cytotoxicity on the normal cells and antiproliferative effect on tumor cells were tested by MTT assay, and then the preliminary structure-activity relationship was analysed. The phase distribution of the cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTThe results of MTT assay showed 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone and chrysosplenetin B inhibited growth of A549 and Hela cells significantly with a dose dependent mode, while exhibited low cytotoxicity to the two normal cells, Vero and EVC304. Both compounds contain ortho-phenolic methoxyl moietys in their structures. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Hela cells treated with increasing quantities of chrysosplenetin B increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase, and Hela and A549 cells treated with increasing quantites of the 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone and chrysosplenetin B increased the apoptosis rates.

CONCLUSIONThe 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone and chrysosplenetin B extracted from L. pterodonta showed high antiproliferative effect on cancer cells with low cytotoxicity on normal cells, and took the effects on A549 and Hela cells through the hold-up of the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induction of the apoptosis.

Animals ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Flavones ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Vero Cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of 3,5-hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (HTMF) isolated from Laggera pterodonta on Hep-2 cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanism.METHODS:The MTT assay was used to observe the cytotoxicity of HTMF to the normal cells and the inhibitory effect of HTMF on the proliferation of tumor cells.The apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9.RESULTS:HTMF significantly inhibited the growth of Hep-2 cells in dose and time dependent manners.HTMF exhibited weak cytotoxicity to the two normal cell lines Vero and EVC304,while showed low effect of anti proliferation on HepG2 cells and A549 cells.The increase in apoptosis of Hep-2 cells by HTMF was observed with dose and time dependent manners.Western blotting showed that HTMF time dependently increased the expression of caspase 3 and caspase-9 in Hep-2 cells.CONCLUSION:HTMF has high inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Hep-2 cells by induction of apoptosis in the tumor cells through caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation.However,the cytotoxicity of HTMF to the normal cells is low.

Objective To extract the sulfated polysaccharides from Grateloupia turuturu Yamada and to studyits physico-chemical properties and antiviral activities.Methods The sulfated polysaccharides were extracted from Grateloupia turuturu Yamada by hot water extraction and alcohol precipitation.Two pure polysaccharides were obtained by DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography.The physico-chemical properties including the composition of the glycoconjugate and the content of the sulfate were analyzed.The antiviral effects of the samples on HSV-1,Cox_(3) and their cytotoxicity to Vero,Hela cell were studied by cytopathic effect(CPE) reduction assay and MTT colorimetric assay.Results The results showed that the glycoconjugate was composed of Gal and slight Glc,Xyl etc.The content of the sulfate group was more than 15%.And the polysaccharides showed good antiviral activities,especially the pure polysaccharides.Their 50% inhibited concentrations(IC_(50))on HSV-1 were(7.81) and 3.91?g?mL~(-1),selectivity index(SI)values were larger than 128 and 256,respectively.Conclusion The sulfated polysaccharides from Grateloupia turuturu Yamada have good antiviral effects on HSV-1 and Cox_(3).