Objective:To evaluate the training efficacy of the autonomic nervous system stability assessing and enhancing capsule (hereinafter referred to as the EC), and to study the difference in physiological indicators for autonomic nervous system stability training between the EC and a non-capsule environment.Methods:A total of 1 478 male military pilots under autonomic nervous system stability training between February 2022 and February 2024 were selected before they completed training sessions in both the EC and a non-capsule environment. The pre-training time-domain and frequency-domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV) and the 0.1 Hz index were compared with the post-training ones, and across difficulty levels (low, moderate, and high). The difference that the EC made in relaxation training was analyzed.Results:①Time-domain indices of HRV were of statistical significance in the main effects of training difficulty, those of training environments, and their interactions ( F=4.40-160.80, all P<0.05 or 0.01). Simple effect analysis revealed that in the same phase of training the standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) at the low level of difficulty in the EC was lower than in the non-capsule environment. However, all time-domain indices after training were higher in the EC than in the non-capsule environment. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05 or 0.01).②For frequency-domain HRV indices, significant differences were observed in both the main effect of training difficulty and the interactions ( F=4.40-1 524.33, all P<0.01). Very low frequency power (VLF), high frequency (HF), the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF), normalized low frequency (LFnorm), and normalized high frequency (HFnorm) were significantly different in the main effect of training environments ( F=4.24, 12.00, 6.91, 23.39, 23.39, P=0.040, <0.001, =0.009, <0.001, <0.001). Simple effect analysis revealed that at the same level of training difficulty, the EC delivered significantly lower values of LF and LFnorm but higher values of HF and HFnorm than the non-capsule environment before training (all P<0.05). VLF across levels of training difficulty and LF/HF at the high level of difficulty level were significantly lower in the EC than in the non-capsule environment. After training, total power, VLF, LF, HF, and HFnorm were significantly higher in the EC than in the non-capsule environment, but LF/HF and LFnorm were significantly lower (all P<0.05). ③For the 0.1 Hz index, significant differences were observed in both the main effect of training difficulty and the interactions ( F=2 147.75, 6.63, both P<0.001). Subsequent simple effect analysis revealed that at the same level of training difficulty, 0.1 Hz indices of pilots in the EC were lower than in the non-capsule environment before and after training (all P<0.01). Conclusions:During the autonomic nervous system stability training, the EC can effectively and quickly regulate and alleviate pilots′ fatigue and stress. Furthermore, it provides sustained autonomic nervous system training, thereby stabilizing pilots′ autonomic nervous system.

BACKGROUND:How to repair bone defect has been a clinical problem for a long time.The effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have good biological activity and therapeutic effect,and the combination of effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and tissue engineering materials has a broad prospect in the field of bone repair.The combination of different effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and scaffolds has similarities in their functional relationships. OBJECTIVE:To collect the cases of the combinations of effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and scaffolds,then analogize tissue engineering scaffolds and effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine into two types of traditional Chinese medicine that generate compatibility relationships based on the inspiration of the compatibility of seven emotions and summarize the relationship between the two based on their functional relationships. METHODS:Relevant articles from January 1998 to January 2024 were searched in PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),using English search terms"traditional Chinese medicine,Chinese medicine,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,bone defect,bone repair,bone tissue engineering,tissue engineering,scaffold"and Chinese search terms"traditional Chinese medicine,effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,bone tissue engineering,bone tissue engineering scaffold,scaffold,tissue engineering,bone defect,bone repair."A total of 88 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Both tissue engineering scaffold materials and active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have been widely used in the field of bone repair.Although they have obvious advantages in osteogenesis,there are still many shortcomings.Many studies are dedicated to preparing composite materials from the two,hoping to exert a detoxification and synergism through the interaction between the two.(2)Some drugs and materials can promote each other in osteogenesis,antibacterial,and promoting angiogenesis,enhancing their original effects.Inspired by the traditional concept of prescription compatibility,this article summarized it as a"Mutual promotion"relationship and provided examples to support it.(3)Some drugs can enhance the strength of materials,while some materials can achieve sustained release and controlled release effects,increase drug loading and stability,or achieve targeted delivery of drugs loaded on them.The article summarized this unilateral enhancement effect as a"Mutual assistance"relationship.(4)The combination of some traditional Chinese medicine and materials can reduce the toxic side effects of the other party.The article summarizes this detoxification relationship as"Mutual restraint and detoxification."(5)The article provided a new perspective on traditional Chinese medicine composite scaffolds,inspired by the seven emotions compatibility relationship and based on the classification of action relationships.It introduced traditional Chinese medicine concepts into the field of tissue engineering,providing new research ideas for subsequent researchers of composite scaffolds,and providing certain convenience in material selection and matching.

The incidence rate of metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is gradually increasing,and it has become a common chronic liver disease globally.MAFLD is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction,with dietary and exercise interventions as the primary treatment method,among which dietary control is of particular importance.This article summarizes related articles on the prevention and treatment of MAFLD through different fasting patterns in recent years,and the analysis showed that by restricting food intake and controlling calorie consumption,fasting therapy can help to reduce body weight and improve metabolic disorders.Further studies and clinical practice are needed to explore and validate the value of different fasting patterns in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.

The incidence rate of metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is gradually increasing,and it has become a common chronic liver disease globally.MAFLD is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction,with dietary and exercise interventions as the primary treatment method,among which dietary control is of particular importance.This article summarizes related articles on the prevention and treatment of MAFLD through different fasting patterns in recent years,and the analysis showed that by restricting food intake and controlling calorie consumption,fasting therapy can help to reduce body weight and improve metabolic disorders.Further studies and clinical practice are needed to explore and validate the value of different fasting patterns in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.

Objective:To evaluate the training efficacy of the autonomic nervous system stability assessing and enhancing capsule (hereinafter referred to as the EC), and to study the difference in physiological indicators for autonomic nervous system stability training between the EC and a non-capsule environment.Methods:A total of 1 478 male military pilots under autonomic nervous system stability training between February 2022 and February 2024 were selected before they completed training sessions in both the EC and a non-capsule environment. The pre-training time-domain and frequency-domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV) and the 0.1 Hz index were compared with the post-training ones, and across difficulty levels (low, moderate, and high). The difference that the EC made in relaxation training was analyzed.Results:①Time-domain indices of HRV were of statistical significance in the main effects of training difficulty, those of training environments, and their interactions ( F=4.40-160.80, all P<0.05 or 0.01). Simple effect analysis revealed that in the same phase of training the standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) at the low level of difficulty in the EC was lower than in the non-capsule environment. However, all time-domain indices after training were higher in the EC than in the non-capsule environment. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05 or 0.01).②For frequency-domain HRV indices, significant differences were observed in both the main effect of training difficulty and the interactions ( F=4.40-1 524.33, all P<0.01). Very low frequency power (VLF), high frequency (HF), the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF), normalized low frequency (LFnorm), and normalized high frequency (HFnorm) were significantly different in the main effect of training environments ( F=4.24, 12.00, 6.91, 23.39, 23.39, P=0.040, <0.001, =0.009, <0.001, <0.001). Simple effect analysis revealed that at the same level of training difficulty, the EC delivered significantly lower values of LF and LFnorm but higher values of HF and HFnorm than the non-capsule environment before training (all P<0.05). VLF across levels of training difficulty and LF/HF at the high level of difficulty level were significantly lower in the EC than in the non-capsule environment. After training, total power, VLF, LF, HF, and HFnorm were significantly higher in the EC than in the non-capsule environment, but LF/HF and LFnorm were significantly lower (all P<0.05). ③For the 0.1 Hz index, significant differences were observed in both the main effect of training difficulty and the interactions ( F=2 147.75, 6.63, both P<0.001). Subsequent simple effect analysis revealed that at the same level of training difficulty, 0.1 Hz indices of pilots in the EC were lower than in the non-capsule environment before and after training (all P<0.01). Conclusions:During the autonomic nervous system stability training, the EC can effectively and quickly regulate and alleviate pilots′ fatigue and stress. Furthermore, it provides sustained autonomic nervous system training, thereby stabilizing pilots′ autonomic nervous system.

Objective To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types and elements in liver cirrhosis patients with dysplastic nodules (DN), and to provide a basis for exploring the connotation and pattern of TCM syndrome types of DN in liver cirrhosis. Methods A total of 138 patients who attended The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from March 2013 to January 2021 and were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and DN were enrolled. General data such as age of onset and sex were collected, as well as the data on etiology, TCM syndrome types, and Child-Pugh class for liver function, and the distribution characteristics of TCM syndrome types and elements were summarized. The chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results The liver and the spleen were the main syndrome elements of disease location in liver cirrhosis patients with DN, accounting for 97.83% and 94.93%, respectively, followed by the kidney (23.91%); Qi deficiency and Qi stagnation were the main syndrome elements reflecting the nature of disease, accounting for 73.91% and 58.70%, respectively, followed by dampness (34.78%). The main TCM syndrome types included stagnation of liver Qi and spleen deficiency, damp-heat internal excess syndrome, blood stasis and toxin accumulation syndrome, and water-dampness retention syndrome, among which stagnation of liver Qi and spleen deficiency was more common and accounted for 58.70% ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in TCM syndrome types between the patients with different sexes, ages, and etiologies (all P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in Child-Pugh class between the liver cirrhosis DN patients with different TCM syndrome types ( χ 2 =34.320, P < 0.05), and Child-Pugh class A was more common in the patients with stagnation of liver Qi and spleen deficiency (59.8%), while Child-Pugh class C was more common in the patients with damp-heat internal excess syndrome (39.1%). Conclusion This article summarizes the distribution characteristics of common TCM syndrome types and elements of DN in liver cirrhosis, which provides a reference for the syndrome differentiation-based TCM treatment of DN in liver cirrhosis.