Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic,nonspecific inflammatory condition of the intes-tine.However,its pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms remain elusive.The primary therapeutic goal for IBD is to achieve complete restoration of the intestinal mucosa.Despite various treatment strategies available in clinical practice,options to effectively promote mucosal healing remain limited.Macrophages play a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal ho-meostasis,modulating inflammatory responses,and facilitating mucosal healing.This review explores the significance and regulatory mechanisms of macrophages in intestinal mucosal healing,with particular emphasis on modulating macrophage phenotypic switching in the treatment of IBD.Furthermore,this review provides a theoretical basis for precision medicine in IBD treatment,highlighting valuable insights for more targeted therapeutic approaches.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic,nonspecific inflammatory condition of the intes-tine.However,its pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms remain elusive.The primary therapeutic goal for IBD is to achieve complete restoration of the intestinal mucosa.Despite various treatment strategies available in clinical practice,options to effectively promote mucosal healing remain limited.Macrophages play a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal ho-meostasis,modulating inflammatory responses,and facilitating mucosal healing.This review explores the significance and regulatory mechanisms of macrophages in intestinal mucosal healing,with particular emphasis on modulating macrophage phenotypic switching in the treatment of IBD.Furthermore,this review provides a theoretical basis for precision medicine in IBD treatment,highlighting valuable insights for more targeted therapeutic approaches.

Objective To explore the impact of nurse-led multidisciplinary collaborative nutrition inter-vention on the nutritional indicators in the patients with stroke.Methods A total of 100 patients with stroke admitted in this hospital from January to December 2020 were selected as the study subjects and divided into the observation group and control group by the propensity score matching,50 cases in each group.The control group was given the traditional nutrition intervention,and the observation group was given the nurse-led mul-tidisciplinary cooperative nutrition intervention.The blood,nutritional and biochemical indicators,physique monitoring indicators and nutritional risk indicators were compared between the two groups.Results The levels of total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),hemoglobin(Hb),prealbumin(PAB),body mass index(BMI),upper arm muscle circumference(AMC)and triceps skin fold thickness(TSF)on 21 d after admission in both groups were increased compared with those on 2,15 d after admission,and which on 15 d after admission were higher than those on 2 d after admission(P＜0.05),moreover the above indicators levels on 15,21 d after ad-mission in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statisti-cally significant(P＜0.05).Body mass index(BMI),upper arm circumference(AMC)and triceps skinfold thickness(TSF)in both groups on 21 d of admission were higher than those on 2,15 d of admission(P＜0.05).The nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS2002)score on 21 d after admission in the two groups were decreased compared with those on 2,15 d after admission,while which on 15 d after admission was decreased compared with that on 2 d after admission,moreover the NRS2002 score on 15,21 d after admission in the ob-servation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Giving the nurse-led multidisciplinary cooperative nutrition intervention could im-prove the blood nutritional and biochemical indicators and physique monitoring indicators,and reduce the nu-tritional risk of the patients with stroke.

The increasing number of pulmonary nodules being detected by computed tomography scans significantly increase the workload of the radiologists for scan interpretation. Limitations of traditional methods for differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules have been increasingly prominent. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to increase the efficiency of discrimination and invasiveness classification for pulmonary nodules and lead to effective nodule management. Chinese Experts Consensus on Artificial Intelligence Assisted Management for Pulmonary Nodule (2022 Version) has been officially released recently. This article closely follows the context, significance, core implications, and the impact of future AI-assisted management on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules. It is hoped that through our joint efforts, we can promote the standardization of management for pulmonary nodules and strive to improve the long-term survival and postoperative life quality of patients with lung cancer.

Cell Nucleus ; Cellular Senescence/genetics* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the morphological characteristics and operative methods of mixed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), and to analyze the risk factors of postoperative death.Methods:From January 2011 to January 2019, 17 cases of mixed TAPVC were operated in Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, with 10 males and 7 females.The average age was (4.4±3.8) months (1-15 months) and the average body mass was (5.6±1.7) kg (3.5-10.0 kg), including 1 case of ventricular septal defect, 17 cases of atrial septal defect and 15 cases of ductus arteriosus.Preoperative pulmonary vein stenosis was discovered in 4 cases and severe pulmonary hypertension was in 10 cases.A total of 5 cases needed ventilator support before operation, and 2 cases needed emergency operation.The diagnosis was confirmed by color Doppler ultrasound and CT before operation.There were 2 cases of type Ⅰ (type 2+ 2), 13 cases of type Ⅱ (type 3+ 1), and 2 cases of type Ⅲ (anatomic variant).Results:All the patients were treated through operation.The principle of operation was to correct all pulmonary veins to the left atrium.The cardiopulmonary bypass time was (182.3±122.8) min, the aortic occlusion time was (84.3±15.9) min, the postoperative ventilator support time was (92.9±70.0) h, and the monitoring room time was (6.9±4.9) d. In this group, 3 cases died in hospital (17.6%) and 1 case died out of hospital (5.9%).Conclusions:The mortality of mixed TAPVC type Ⅲ was high, while preoperative pulmonary vein stenosis, severe pulmonary hypertension and the combination of sub-cardiac type were the important risk factors of death.The operation mode depends on the anatomic drainage mode, so individualized operation is recommended.

Objectives:To observe the possibility of enlarging the greater sciatic notch by illium osteotomy through the posterior gluteal approach for reaching the intrapelvic upper sacral plexus as well as the covergence level of sacral plexus,and performing the nerve graft for surgical repairing the sacral plexus ruptured injuries or sacral plexus nerve tumor resection.Methods:The clinical data of 10 patients with sacral plexus injury or sacral plexus nerve tumor underwent the surgical operation via the expanded greater sciatic notch at Department of Hand Surgery,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from July 2016 to November 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 4 male and 6 female patients,with an age of (38.0±9.3)years (range:26 to 56 years).There were 8 cases with sacral plexus injury at the intrapelvic or covergence level (deep to the piriformis). Out of this 8 cases,4 cases with intrapelvic pan-sacral plexus injury,1 case with upper sacral plexus injury and 3 cases with convergence level pan sacral plexus injury.Another 2 cases were sacral plexus neoplasm.The average time from injury or onset to operation was 10.4 months (range:1.5 to 60.0 months). All cases were performed surgery for reaching the intrapelvic upper sacral plexus as well as the covergence level of sacral plexus with enlarging the greater sciatic notch by illium osteotomy through the posterior gluteal approach.Intraoperation the sacral plexus ruptured injurie was repaired and the sacral plexus nerve tumor was resected.Intraoperative findings,postoperative complications and healing of incision and osteotomy of patients were recorded.Results:All the 10 patients underwent the sacral plexus surgical exploration and cutaneous nerve graft for sacral plexus nerve repairing or neurolysis or neoplasm resection through the posterior gluteal approach successfully.The length and width of illium osteotomy mass were (2.9±0.4)cm (range:2.5 to 3.8 cm) and (2.5±0.5)cm (range:1.5 to 3.4 cm) respectively.The median intraoperative bleeding volume was ( M( Q R))800(800)ml (range:400 to 2 000 ml).There were no complication with major vascular injury and hematoma formation,and all incisions healed.The postoperative follow-up was 29.8 months (range:1.5 to 54.0 months).Nine cases of iliac osteotomy were healed,and 1 case was not healed because the follow-up was only 1.5 months. Conclusions:The intrapelvic upper sacral plexus and the convergence level of sacral plexus deep to the piriformis can be exposed clearly through this posterior gluteal approach via illium osteotomy for enlarging the greater sciatic notch,and there was enough operative space that surgical exploration and nerve graft or nerve transfer or neoplasm resection can be performed.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis, surgical methods, perioperative treatment and surgical results of Kommerell's diverticulum with double aortic arch in infants.Methods:From December 2014 to December 2019, 22 cases of double aortic arch combined with Kommerell diverticulum were operated in our hospital, 14 males and 8 females, with an average age of (13.7±11.6) months (1-36 months) and mean body mass of (9.8±3.4)kg (5-20 kg). The children had respiratory symptoms such as asthmatic suffocation, shortness of breath, repeated respiratory tract infection and chronic cough before operation. All patients underwent cardiac CT examination. The average diverticulum was 8 mm×9 mm, in the trachea The average compression degree of the lower segment was 56%±16% (30%-80%). The distal part of the left arch was atresia and Kommerell's diverticulum was found in all patients. The operation methods were left aortic arch separation, ligament separation and diverticulectomy. In one case, tracheal stent was placed simultaneously during the operation because of severe tracheal malacia.Results:The average time in the ward was(1.4±0.8)days (1-4)days, and the average time in hospital was (6.7±2.8)days (4-13 days). The average follow-up period was (25.5±16.9) months (2-60 months). During the follow-up period, 18 children had no persistent respiratory symptoms, and 4 children had only slight respiratory symptoms.Conclusion:Kommerell's diverticulum can also be combined with double aortic arch. The operation method is to separate the aortic arch and ligament at the atresia end and resect the diverticulum at the same time. It has a good early prognosis and may eliminate the residual symptoms and late complications.

Objectives:To observe the possibility of enlarging the greater sciatic notch by illium osteotomy through the posterior gluteal approach for reaching the intrapelvic upper sacral plexus as well as the covergence level of sacral plexus,and performing the nerve graft for surgical repairing the sacral plexus ruptured injuries or sacral plexus nerve tumor resection.Methods:The clinical data of 10 patients with sacral plexus injury or sacral plexus nerve tumor underwent the surgical operation via the expanded greater sciatic notch at Department of Hand Surgery,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from July 2016 to November 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 4 male and 6 female patients,with an age of (38.0±9.3)years (range:26 to 56 years).There were 8 cases with sacral plexus injury at the intrapelvic or covergence level (deep to the piriformis). Out of this 8 cases,4 cases with intrapelvic pan-sacral plexus injury,1 case with upper sacral plexus injury and 3 cases with convergence level pan sacral plexus injury.Another 2 cases were sacral plexus neoplasm.The average time from injury or onset to operation was 10.4 months (range:1.5 to 60.0 months). All cases were performed surgery for reaching the intrapelvic upper sacral plexus as well as the covergence level of sacral plexus with enlarging the greater sciatic notch by illium osteotomy through the posterior gluteal approach.Intraoperation the sacral plexus ruptured injurie was repaired and the sacral plexus nerve tumor was resected.Intraoperative findings,postoperative complications and healing of incision and osteotomy of patients were recorded.Results:All the 10 patients underwent the sacral plexus surgical exploration and cutaneous nerve graft for sacral plexus nerve repairing or neurolysis or neoplasm resection through the posterior gluteal approach successfully.The length and width of illium osteotomy mass were (2.9±0.4)cm (range:2.5 to 3.8 cm) and (2.5±0.5)cm (range:1.5 to 3.4 cm) respectively.The median intraoperative bleeding volume was ( M( Q R))800(800)ml (range:400 to 2 000 ml).There were no complication with major vascular injury and hematoma formation,and all incisions healed.The postoperative follow-up was 29.8 months (range:1.5 to 54.0 months).Nine cases of iliac osteotomy were healed,and 1 case was not healed because the follow-up was only 1.5 months. Conclusions:The intrapelvic upper sacral plexus and the convergence level of sacral plexus deep to the piriformis can be exposed clearly through this posterior gluteal approach via illium osteotomy for enlarging the greater sciatic notch,and there was enough operative space that surgical exploration and nerve graft or nerve transfer or neoplasm resection can be performed.