Objective To explore the status of Keshan disease in Shaanxi province to provide a scientific basis for decision-making of prevention and control of Keshan disease. Methods Nineteen infected villages were randomly selected in 19 infected counties in the range of Keshan disease infected area in Shaanxi province in 2008 as the investigation sites. Clinical examination and electrocardiography were performed in the chosen people at every spots, chest X-ray of posteroanterior position film in 2-meter distance was taken in suspicious cardiac patients, and determining the selenium contents was also determined in the collected grain samples of the investigators. Results Of the 10 228 investigated residents in the endemic area, 110 Keshan disease patients were detected, the total detection rate was 1.08% (110/10 228). Among the 110 patients, 92 were potential Keshan disease, which accounted 0.90%(92/10 228); 18 chronic Keshan disease formed a detection rate of 0.18%( 18/10 228); no acute and sub-acute type of Keshan disease had been inspected. Potential Keshan disease patients often showed electrocardiogram abnormality of complete fight bundle branch block [48.57%(51/105)], ST-T change[ 19.05% ( 20/105 ) ], frequent premature ventricular contraction [ 10.48 % ( 11/105 ) ], left ventricular hypertrophy [ 5.71% (6/105) ], block in the anterosuperior division of the left branch[5.71%(6/105)]; Chronic of Keshan patients mostly presented atrial fibrillation [ 24.00% (6/25) ], left ventricular hypertrophy [ 20.00% (5/25) ], complete right bundle branch block [ 20.00% (5/25)]. The increase rate of cardiothoracie ratio was 18.08% (32/177). Food samples of wheat, corn, millet and rice in infected area residents were of selenium content, being (0.096± 0.028), (0.089 ±0.029), (0.087 ± 0.016), (0.047 ± 0.016)mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions Keshan disease in Shaanxi province is steadily declining, potential and chronic Keshan diseases are currently the main clinical types. Selenium content of food in endemic area has reached the level of the non-endemic area.

Objective To review the domestic and abroad development of helicopter emergency medical service. Literature resource and selection Relevant articles published in China and abroad.Literature quotation Thirty-six published references were cited. Literature synthesis The paper reviewed the history and actuality of helicopter emergency medical service and its applications.The evolution in China was also reviewed and expected and the suggestions for future development were proposed. Conclusion Helicopter emergency medical service is being widely used in the world due to its advantages, such as rapid response, high flexibility, less weather influence, etc. It wins the furthest possibilities in saving people's life, and such effective rescue and cure concept is fitted to modern medication. China has made a remarkable progress in the development of helicopter emergency medical service but is still behind with the world's advanced stage. Building the system with Chinese characteristics would be the critical affair.

Objective To review the domestic and abroad development of helicopter emergency medical service. Literature resource and selection Relevant articles published in China and abroad.Literature quotation Thirty-six published references were cited. Literature synthesis The paper reviewed the history and actuality of helicopter emergency medical service and its applications.The evolution in China was also reviewed and expected and the suggestions for future development were proposed. Conclusion Helicopter emergency medical service is being widely used in the world due to its advantages, such as rapid response, high flexibility, less weather influence, etc. It wins the furthest possibilities in saving people's life, and such effective rescue and cure concept is fitted to modern medication. China has made a remarkable progress in the development of helicopter emergency medical service but is still behind with the world's advanced stage. Building the system with Chinese characteristics would be the critical affair.

Objective To know the prevalence tendency of Keshan disease(KSD) under control after 10 years in Shaanxi Province, the factors that causes or relative to the disease, to provide scientific reference for disease's prevention and control. Methods Through stratified cluster sampling, based on the severity of KSD in endemic area of Shaanxi Province, 12 villages from 6 counties were randomly selected as investigation points in 2006. The people older than 3 year-old were chosen to do clinical check up and electrocardiogram tracing. Among them, suspicious or abnormal cases were asked to take chest X-ray and cardiac ultrasound. Maize and rice, hair and whole blood were randomly collected to test the selenium content, the activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Results The total detection rate of potential or chronic KSD was 2.44%(139/5694), the detection rate of abnormal ECG was 9.19% (523/5692), the detection rate of cardiac enlargement from chest X-ray and cardiac ultrasound were 45.6%(72/158) and 34.5%(59/171) respectively. The average content of selenium in staple foods(wheat and corn) were[(0.045±0.036), (0.035±0.025)mg/kg, respectively]. The level of hair selenium in patients and healthy people were [(0.376±0.091), (0.384±0.077)mg/kg, respectively], with non-significant different (u=0.77, P>0.05). There were significant differences in whole blood selenium of patients, healthy people in KSD areas and healthy people in non-KSD areas[(0.071±0.017), (0.077±0.017), (0.090±0.016)mg/L, respectively; F=4.55, P<0.05), the whole blood selenium in patients lower than in healthy people in KSD areas (P<0.05), in healthy people in KSD areas lower than in non-KSD areas (P<0.05). Conclusions After the KSD condition being controlled, the situation in Shaanxi Province has become stable and exhibited a decreasing tendency. The selenium level of both internal and external environment in the endemic area increased significantly, that is the main factors of controlling disease.