OBJECTIVE To analyze chemical components of Yao ethnic medicine Pittosporum pauciflorum， establish its fingerprint and investigate the spectrum-effect relationship of its anti-inflammatory effect. METHODS UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS technology was used to analyze the chemical components of P. pauciflorum （batch S6）. The fingerprints for 10 batches of P. pauciflorum from different producing areas in Guangxi Province （batches S1-S10） were established by HPLC， and similarity assessment and chemometric pattern recognition analysis were conducted. RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model was induced by lipopolysaccharide， and the anti-inflammatory activity of P. pauciflorum was investigated. Using inhibition rates of nitric oxide （NO）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-1β as efficacy indicators， grey relational analysis and partial least squares regression analysis were adopted to evaluate the spectrum-effect relationship of the anti-inflammatory effect of P. pauciflorum. RESULTS There were 60 chemical components， including flavonoids， phenolic acids， lipids， etc.， identified in P. pauciflorum. The fingerprints for 10 batches of P. pauciflorum showed 14 common peaks，with similarity values ranging from 0.883 to 0.991. Three common peaks were assigned neochlorogenic acid （peak 5）， chlorogenic acid （peak 7）， and syringaldehyde （peak 10）. The classification results of the systematic clustering analysis and the principal component analysis were basically consistent. Batches S1 to S10 of P. pauciflorum significantly reduced the levels of NO， TNF-α， IL-6 （except for batch S5） and IL-1β in the cell supernatant （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Inhibition rates of above inflammatory indexes were 10.26%-39.96%， 14.96%-31.36%， 1.38%-21.27%， 18.54%-28.00%， respectively. The contents of neochlorogenic acid， syringaldehyde， as well as the components corresponding to peaks 1， 3， 9， 12 and 14，exhibited a strong correlation with the anti-inflammatory effects of P. pauciflorum. CONCLUSIONS The present study has analyzed the chemical components of P. pauciflorum and established HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of P. pauciflorum. Each batch of medicinal herbs demonstrates certain anti- inflammatory activities， among which neochlorogenic acid， syringaldehyde， and the components corresponding to peaks 1， 3， 9， 12 and 14 are likely to be the active anti-inflammatory components.

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic suture anchor fixation for acute bony Bankart lesions.Methods:Data of 49 patients with acute bone Bankart injury treated with suture anchor fixation under arthroscopy at the Affiliate Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine from February 2019 to July 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including 34 males and 15 females, aged 46.4±17.7 years (range, 18-81 years). Body mass index was 26.3±4.2 kg/m 2 (range, 19.8-37.9 kg/m 2). There were 17 patients with left shoulder and 32 patients with right shoulder. The time from injury to operation was 12.6±10.5 d (range, 1-50 d). CT three-dimensional reconstruction showed that the area of bone defect accounted for 20.1%±11.4% (range, 8%-49%) of the glenoid area. According to the degree of bone defect, there were 38 cases in the bone defect area ≤25% group and 11 cases in the bone defect area >25% group. All 49 patients received shoulder arthroscopic fixation with wire anchor. All 49 the patients were treated under shoulder arthroscopy using suture anchor technique. Using American Shoulder & Elbow Surgeon (ASES) score, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score, Rowe score as well as shoulder range of motion to evaluate shoulder function. The position and healing of the fracture mass were evaluated with shoulder joint CT and three-dimensional reconstruction at immediate and final follow-up. Results:The incision healed in one stage and no infection occurred in all patients. All 49 patients were followed up for a period of 3 to 81 months, with an average follow-up of 23.8±20.2 months. At the final follow-up, the mean forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation improved from 126.1°±20.3°, 36.9°±14.0°, and 10±2 preoperatively to 167.1°±15.5°, 66.8°±8.3°, and 6±1 at the last follow-up, respectively ( P<0.05). At the final follow-up, the mean ASES score, UCLA score, and Rowe score were all significantly improved from 41.3±11.9, 14.2±6.1 and 46.9±14.7 preoperatively to 89.7±7.8, 31.5±3.6 and 92.4±7.4, respectively ( P<0.05). The differences between the final follow-up and preoperative values for forward elevation in the bone defect area >25% group and the bone defect area ≤25% group were 43°±20° and 41°±21°, respectively. The differences in lateral external rotation were 34°±8° and 29°±18°, while the differences in internal rotation (measured by hand-behind-back reach) were 5±2 and 4±2, respectively. None of these differences were statistically significant. The differences between the final follow-up and preoperative scores in the bone defect area >25% fracture fragment group and the bone defect area ≤25% group were as follows: ASES score, 50.9±14.4 vs. 47.7±12.8; UCLA score, 18.4±3.2 vs. 17.0±6.9; and Rowe score, 40.5±13.5 vs. 46.9±15.0. None of these differences were statistically significant. CT examination at the last follow-up showed that all fractures were healed, all patients in the bone defect area ≤25% group achieved good reduction, and 3 patients in the bone defect area >25% group had step-offs on the glenoid surface. Postoperative shoulder adhesion occurred in 5 patients, which was improved after intensive abduction and external rotation exercise. Conclusions:Arthroscopic suture anchor fixation is effective for the bone defect area ≤25% bony Bankart lesions, offering advantages of minimal invasiveness and rapid recovery. For lesions involving more than the bone defect area 25% of the glenoid surface, enhanced fixation strength is recommended to prevent fracture fragment displacement.

Processing for deodorization is widely used in the production of animal-derived Chinese medicinal materials. In this study, Heracles Neo ultra-fast gas-phase electronic nose combined with chemometrics was employed to analyze the overall odor difference of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum(focusing on that derived from Cervus nippon Temminck in this study) before and after processing. The results showed that the electronic nose effectively distinguished between the medicinal materials and decoction pieces of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum. HS-GC-MS was used to identify and quantify the volatile components in the medicinal materials and decoction pieces of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum, and 35 and 37 volatile components were detected in the medicinal materials and decoction pieces, respectively. The medicinal materials and decoction pieces contained 28 common volatile components contributing to the odor of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum. The odor activity value(OAV) of each volatile component was calculated based on the olfactory threshold and relative content. The results showed that there were 17 key odor substances such as isovaleraldehyde, 2-methylbutanal, isobutyraldehyde, hexanal, and methanethiol in the medicinal materials and decoction pieces of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum. All of them had bad odor and were the main source of the odor of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum. The results of principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) showed that there were significant differences in volatile components between the medicinal materials and decoction pieces of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum. Based on the thresholds of P<0.05 and Variable Importance in Projection(VIP)>1, 21 differential volatile odor components were screened out. Among them, isopentanol, isovaleraldehyde, 2-methylbutanal, n-nonanal, and dimethylamine were the key differential odor compounds between the medicinal materials and decoction pieces of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum. The odor compounds and their relative content reduced, and some flavor substances such as esters were produced after processing with wine, which was the main reason for the reduction of the odor after processing of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum.
Odorants/analysis* ; Electronic Nose ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Animals ; Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis* ; Deer ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry*

Objective:To explore the mediating role of anxiety/depression emotions between sleep quality and cognitive function in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods:A cross-sectional study design was adopted, involving 204 ADHD adolescents aged 12-18 who were treated between January 2021 and November 2023.All participants were assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)for sleep quality, the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS) for emotional states.Four cognitive information processing processes(planning, simultaneous processing, attention, and successive processing) were evaluated by the Das-Naglieri cognitive assessment system(DN: CAS). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and Zstats software, including descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation analysis, and mediation effect analysis.Results:Among ADHD adolescents, girls exhibited significantly higher rates of sleep disturbance(71.59%(63/88) vs 43.97%(51/116), χ2=15.490, P<0.001)and depressive emotion(47.73%(42/88) vs 33.62%(39/116), χ2=4.159, P=0.041)compared to boys.High school students had a significantly higher rate of sleep disturbance than middle school students(64.84%(59/91) vs 48.67%(55/113), χ2=5.341, P=0.021). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that sleep quality(8.00(6.00, 11.00)) in ADHD adolescents was significantly and positively correlated with anxiety(38.00(32.00, 46.00); r=0.504, P<0.01) and depression(46.00(39.00, 54.00); r=0.427, P<0.01). And sleep quality, anxiety and depression were significantly and negatively correlated with the DN: CAS total score(109.5(91.25, 123.75); r=-0.158--0.237, P<0.05). Mediation analysis indicated that anxiety mediated the relationship between sleep quality and attention function(indirect effect β=-0.159, Bootstrap 95% CI=-0.287--0.046). Conclusion:ADHD adolescents exhibit complex interactions among sleep quality, emotion, and cognitive function, sleep quality indirectly affects attention function through anxiety.

A method for simultaneous determination of 21 kinds of Aconitum alkaloids(ATS)in biological specimens and infused liquor using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)was developed.The biological samples were pretreated with methanol-acetonitrile(1∶2,V/V)for protein precipitation,while infused liquors were diluted 100-fold with acetonitrile,followed by centrifugation,and filtration by a 0.22-μm membrane.Chromatographic separation was carried out on an EC-C18 column using gradient elution with the mixture of 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 0.2%formic acid as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B.With this method,all the analytes were separated within 9.5 min.The samples were detected in positive ESI mode with dynamic multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)and quantified via external standard calibration.The results showed that the concentrations of the analytes in the range of 2-1000 ng/mL had excellent linearity(R2>0.9992)with the peak area.The developed method was successfully used for detection of 21 kinds of aconitum alkaloids,with limits of detection of 0.5-2 ng/mL,quantification limits of 2-6 ng/mL,intra/inter-day precision≤6.0%,spiked recoveries of 89.4%-100.9%,extraction recoveries of 74.2%-104.4%,and matrix effects ranging from-11.1%to 9.2%in blood/urine.The method was applied to detection of 12 samples from 4 fatal aconite poisoning cases,and all 21 kinds of ATS with total alkaloid concentrations of 0.04-4.18 μg/mL in blood and 154.96-422.83 μg/mL in medicinal liquors were detected.Tissue distribution revealed that the order of concentrations from highest to lowest is as follows:urine(157.22 μg/mL)>gastric contents(51.37 μg/mL)>kidney(21.6 μg/g)>whole blood(4.18 μg/mL)>liver(0.03 μg/g).This method showed many advantages such as simple pretreatment,low detection limits,accurate quantification,broad analyte coverage,and superior anti-interference capability in complex matrices,proving ideal for forensic and toxicological analysis of aconitum alkaloids.

Objective:To explore the mediating role of anxiety/depression emotions between sleep quality and cognitive function in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods:A cross-sectional study design was adopted, involving 204 ADHD adolescents aged 12-18 who were treated between January 2021 and November 2023.All participants were assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)for sleep quality, the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS) for emotional states.Four cognitive information processing processes(planning, simultaneous processing, attention, and successive processing) were evaluated by the Das-Naglieri cognitive assessment system(DN: CAS). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and Zstats software, including descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation analysis, and mediation effect analysis.Results:Among ADHD adolescents, girls exhibited significantly higher rates of sleep disturbance(71.59%(63/88) vs 43.97%(51/116), χ2=15.490, P<0.001)and depressive emotion(47.73%(42/88) vs 33.62%(39/116), χ2=4.159, P=0.041)compared to boys.High school students had a significantly higher rate of sleep disturbance than middle school students(64.84%(59/91) vs 48.67%(55/113), χ2=5.341, P=0.021). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that sleep quality(8.00(6.00, 11.00)) in ADHD adolescents was significantly and positively correlated with anxiety(38.00(32.00, 46.00); r=0.504, P<0.01) and depression(46.00(39.00, 54.00); r=0.427, P<0.01). And sleep quality, anxiety and depression were significantly and negatively correlated with the DN: CAS total score(109.5(91.25, 123.75); r=-0.158--0.237, P<0.05). Mediation analysis indicated that anxiety mediated the relationship between sleep quality and attention function(indirect effect β=-0.159, Bootstrap 95% CI=-0.287--0.046). Conclusion:ADHD adolescents exhibit complex interactions among sleep quality, emotion, and cognitive function, sleep quality indirectly affects attention function through anxiety.

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic suture anchor fixation for acute bony Bankart lesions.Methods:Data of 49 patients with acute bone Bankart injury treated with suture anchor fixation under arthroscopy at the Affiliate Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine from February 2019 to July 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including 34 males and 15 females, aged 46.4±17.7 years (range, 18-81 years). Body mass index was 26.3±4.2 kg/m 2 (range, 19.8-37.9 kg/m 2). There were 17 patients with left shoulder and 32 patients with right shoulder. The time from injury to operation was 12.6±10.5 d (range, 1-50 d). CT three-dimensional reconstruction showed that the area of bone defect accounted for 20.1%±11.4% (range, 8%-49%) of the glenoid area. According to the degree of bone defect, there were 38 cases in the bone defect area ≤25% group and 11 cases in the bone defect area >25% group. All 49 patients received shoulder arthroscopic fixation with wire anchor. All 49 the patients were treated under shoulder arthroscopy using suture anchor technique. Using American Shoulder & Elbow Surgeon (ASES) score, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score, Rowe score as well as shoulder range of motion to evaluate shoulder function. The position and healing of the fracture mass were evaluated with shoulder joint CT and three-dimensional reconstruction at immediate and final follow-up. Results:The incision healed in one stage and no infection occurred in all patients. All 49 patients were followed up for a period of 3 to 81 months, with an average follow-up of 23.8±20.2 months. At the final follow-up, the mean forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation improved from 126.1°±20.3°, 36.9°±14.0°, and 10±2 preoperatively to 167.1°±15.5°, 66.8°±8.3°, and 6±1 at the last follow-up, respectively ( P<0.05). At the final follow-up, the mean ASES score, UCLA score, and Rowe score were all significantly improved from 41.3±11.9, 14.2±6.1 and 46.9±14.7 preoperatively to 89.7±7.8, 31.5±3.6 and 92.4±7.4, respectively ( P<0.05). The differences between the final follow-up and preoperative values for forward elevation in the bone defect area >25% group and the bone defect area ≤25% group were 43°±20° and 41°±21°, respectively. The differences in lateral external rotation were 34°±8° and 29°±18°, while the differences in internal rotation (measured by hand-behind-back reach) were 5±2 and 4±2, respectively. None of these differences were statistically significant. The differences between the final follow-up and preoperative scores in the bone defect area >25% fracture fragment group and the bone defect area ≤25% group were as follows: ASES score, 50.9±14.4 vs. 47.7±12.8; UCLA score, 18.4±3.2 vs. 17.0±6.9; and Rowe score, 40.5±13.5 vs. 46.9±15.0. None of these differences were statistically significant. CT examination at the last follow-up showed that all fractures were healed, all patients in the bone defect area ≤25% group achieved good reduction, and 3 patients in the bone defect area >25% group had step-offs on the glenoid surface. Postoperative shoulder adhesion occurred in 5 patients, which was improved after intensive abduction and external rotation exercise. Conclusions:Arthroscopic suture anchor fixation is effective for the bone defect area ≤25% bony Bankart lesions, offering advantages of minimal invasiveness and rapid recovery. For lesions involving more than the bone defect area 25% of the glenoid surface, enhanced fixation strength is recommended to prevent fracture fragment displacement.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Flos Farfarae (FF) fumigation on cigarette smoke-induced lung injury mice, and analyze the metabolic profile of lung tissue by metabolomics. All animal experiments were conducted under the guidance and approval of the Animal Ethics Review Committee of Shanxi University (Approval number: SXULL2019014). By using HS-GC-MS to analyze volatile components of Flos Farfarae, 23 compounds were identified. The results showed that FF fumigation improved the lung tissue morphology of cigarette smoke-induced lung injury mice, lowered the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The lung tissue samples were applied for metabolomic analysis based on UHPLC-QTOF MS, the results showed that 70 metabolites were changed in the lung tissue of mice after cigarette exposure, and 35 of them could be regulated, including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), 12-HETE, adenosine, and xanthine. These metabolites, such as LPC, 12-HETE, adenosine, and xanthine were mainly associated with the body's inflammatory response. It was observed that these metabolites are primarily involved in purine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism pathways. These findings suggest that the volatile terpenoids in the FF may regulate the metabolites associated with the inflammatory response in the lung tissue, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, 12-HETE, and adenosine, which could further alleviate lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke through the metabolic pathways of purine metabolism and others. This study proved the scientific basis of the traditional application of FF fumigation, and provided a theoretical basis for the further product development.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis(STA-MCA)in the treatment of patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease.Methods A total of 74 patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease admitted to our hospital were included and divided into the observation group and control group according to the random number table method,with 37 cases in each group.Patients in the control group received conservative treatment,and patients in the observation group received STA-MCA.After 3 months of follow-up,the cerebral blood flow indexes(including cerebral blood flow of anterior cerebral artery,and peak time)before treatment and 3rd day,1st month and 3rd month after treatment were observed,the modified Rankin scores before treatment and 3rd day and 1 month after treatment were recorded,and the revascularization and occurrence of complications after treatment were recorded.Results At 1 month and 3 months after treatment,the cerebral blood flow of anterior cerebral artery in the two groups increased and the peak time was shortened,and the cerebral blood flow of anterior cerebral artery in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the peak time was shorter than that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The modified Rankin scores of the two groups 1 month after treatment were lower compared with those before treatment,and the modified Rankin score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).At 1 month after treatment,the proportions of patients with grades 0 and 1 of vascular reconstruction in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the proportions of patients with grades 2 and 3 were higher than those in the control group,with statistical significant differences(P<0.05).At 3 months after treatment,the proportions of patients with grades 0 and 1 of vascular reconstruction in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the proportion of patients with grade 3 of vascular reconstruction was higher than that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of complications after treatment between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion STA-MCA has a good clinical effect in the treatment of patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease,which is conducive to improving the cerebral blood flow indexes and promoting the recovery of neurological function and vascular reconstruction,with safety and reliability.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical application of urine sediment score (USS) in early diagnosis, etiological differentiation, staging and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI), and to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of independent USS and its combination with blood urea nitrogen(Bun) serum creatinine(sCr) and uric acid(UA) in AKI.Methods:From August 23 to September 28, 2023, 9 020 morning urine samples of hospitalized patients in the First Hospital of Jilin University were detected by Sysmex UF5000.A total of 3 226 ssamples with small and round cell (SRC) > 1/μl and/or CAST>1/μl were screened for microscopic examination, and 404 cases with positive renal tubular epithelial cells and/or cast were enrolled in this study. There were 218 males and 186 females, aged 59.5 (49.0, 71.0) years. The 404 cases were divided into the USS AKI group (345 cases) and the USS non-AKI group (59 cases) according to the USS results based on the microscopic findings. According to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, they were divided into KDIGO criteria AKI group (63 cases) and KDIGO criteria non-AKI group (341 cases), and the AKI group was divided into renal AKI group (33 cases) and non-renal AKI group (30 cases). According to the clinical diagnosis recorded in the medical records, they were divided into clinically diagnosed AKI group (29 cases) and clinically diagnosed non-AKI group (375 cases).The χ 2 test or Fisher exact test was used to compare USS in different AKI causes and stages. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio of renal AKI and stage 3 AKI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of USS, sCr, UA and Bun alone and in combination in the diagnosis of AKI, and the best cut-off value, sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of AKI were calculated. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The USS was used to identify the etiology of KDIGO standard AKI group,and there were significant differences in USS between renal AKI group and non-renal AKI group (χ 2=11.070, P<0.001). Compared to USS=1, the odds ratio of renal AKI was 8.125 when USS≥2 (95% CI 2.208—29.901). There was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of USS between groups in each stage of the AKI staging study based on USS (χ 2=15.724, P<0.05). Compared to USS=1, the odds ratio of stage 3 AKI was 9.714 when USS≥2 (95% CI 1.145-82.390). The AUC of independent USS in the diagnosis of AKI was 0.687 (95% CI 0.618-0.757, P<0.001), the specificity was 65.7% and the sensitivity was 61.9%. The AUC of USS combined with Bun, sCr, UA in the diagnosis of AKI was 0.794 (95% CI 0.608-0.980, P<0.05), the specificity was 82.4%, and the sensitivity was 88.9%. Conclusions:There wasan increased likelihood of renal AKI or stage 3 AKI while USS≥2,and whose combination with Bun, sCr and UA will improve the diagnostic efficiency of AKI.