OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effects of pomalidomide-based regimen in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). METHODS: 60 patients with RRMM in hematology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from November 2020 to January 2023 were selected. Among them, 15 cases were treated with PDD regimen (pomalidomide + daratumumab + dexamethasone), and 45 cases were treated with PCD regimen (pomalidomide + cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone). The clinical effects were evaluated. RESULTS: The median number of treatment cycles for the entire cohort was 5 (2-11), with an overall response rate (ORR) of 75.0%. The ORR of patients treated with PDD regimen was 73.3%, while the ORR of patients treated with PCD regimen was 75.6%. The ORR of 46 patients with non high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (non-HRCA) was 86.9%, significantly higher than the 35.7% of 14 patients with HRCA (χ² =15.031, P < 0.05). The median PFS for all patients was 8.0(95%CI : 6.8-9.1) months and the median OS was 14.0 (95%CI : 11.3-16.7) months. Among patients treated with PDD regimen, the PFS and OS of patients with non-HRCA were significantly higher than those of patients with HRCA [PFS: 7.0(95%CI : 4.6-9.3) months vs 4.0(95%CI : 3.1-4.8) months, χ² =5.120, P < 0.05; OS: not reached vs 6.0(95%CI : 1.1-10.9) months, χ² =9.870, P < 0.05]. Among patients treated with PCD regimen, the PFS and OS of patients with non-HRCA were significantly higher than those of patients with HRCA [PFS: 9.0(95%CI : 6.2-11.8) months vs 6.0(95%CI : 5.4-6.6) months, χ²=14.396, P < 0.05; OS: not reached vs 11.0(95%CI : 6.4-15.6) months, χ² =7.471, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION The pomalidomide-based regimen has a good clinical effect and safety in the treatment of RRMM.
Humans ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy* ; Thalidomide/administration & dosage* ; Dexamethasone/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Aged ; Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome ; Antibodies, Monoclonal

Aim To explore the potential mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of cordycepin in asthma by utilizing network pharmacology,molecular docking,and in vitro cellular validation.Methods The thera-peutic targets associated with asthma and the drug tar-gets of cordycepin were systematically identified through comprehensive database searches.An overlap analysis of the two gene sets was performed,followed by the construction of a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network and topological analysis to identify the core targets.The core targets were subjected to Kyoto Ency-clopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway a-nalysis and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis,and a drug-target-pathway network was constructed.To validate the interaction between cordycepin and core targets,molecular docking and molecular dynamics sim-ulations were conducted.Subsequently,the pharmaco-logical effects and underlying mechanisms of cordyce-pin were validated in vitro using Beas-2B cells,emplo-ying Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay and quantita-tive real-time reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR).Results A total of 438 potential targets of cordycepin were identified,113 of which overlapped with asthma-related therapeutic targets.Topological analysis based on the PPI network revealed 22 core targets.Using KEGG enrichment analysis,165 significantly enriched pathways were identified,including the TNF and HIF-1 signaling pathways.Molecular docking analysis re-vealed high binding affinities between cordycepin and select core targets,which further corroborated by mo-lecular dynamics simulations.In vitro experiments showed that after cordycepin pretreatment,the upregu-lation of MAPK1,HIF1A,MTOR,MYC,IL10,and JUN mRNA was significantly rescued in HDM-stimulated Beas-2B cells.Conclusions Cordycepin exerts anti-asthmatic effects by targeting MAPK1 and other key molecules,thereby providing a scientific foundation for its further development and clinical application.

Aim To explore the potential mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of cordycepin in asthma by utilizing network pharmacology,molecular docking,and in vitro cellular validation.Methods The thera-peutic targets associated with asthma and the drug tar-gets of cordycepin were systematically identified through comprehensive database searches.An overlap analysis of the two gene sets was performed,followed by the construction of a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network and topological analysis to identify the core targets.The core targets were subjected to Kyoto Ency-clopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway a-nalysis and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis,and a drug-target-pathway network was constructed.To validate the interaction between cordycepin and core targets,molecular docking and molecular dynamics sim-ulations were conducted.Subsequently,the pharmaco-logical effects and underlying mechanisms of cordyce-pin were validated in vitro using Beas-2B cells,emplo-ying Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay and quantita-tive real-time reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR).Results A total of 438 potential targets of cordycepin were identified,113 of which overlapped with asthma-related therapeutic targets.Topological analysis based on the PPI network revealed 22 core targets.Using KEGG enrichment analysis,165 significantly enriched pathways were identified,including the TNF and HIF-1 signaling pathways.Molecular docking analysis re-vealed high binding affinities between cordycepin and select core targets,which further corroborated by mo-lecular dynamics simulations.In vitro experiments showed that after cordycepin pretreatment,the upregu-lation of MAPK1,HIF1A,MTOR,MYC,IL10,and JUN mRNA was significantly rescued in HDM-stimulated Beas-2B cells.Conclusions Cordycepin exerts anti-asthmatic effects by targeting MAPK1 and other key molecules,thereby providing a scientific foundation for its further development and clinical application.

Objective: Systematically summarize the research progress of clinical trials of gastric cancer oncology drugs and the overview of marketed drugs in China from 2012 to 2021, providing data and decision-making evidence for relevant departments. Methods: Based on the registration database of the drug clinical trial registration and information disclosure platform of Food and Drug Administration of China and the data query system of domestic and imported drugs, the information on gastric cancer drug clinical trials, investigational drugs and marketed drugs from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 was analyzed, and the differences between Chinese and foreign enterprises in terms of trial scope, trial phase, treatment lines and drug type, effect and mechanism studies were compared. Results: A total of 114 drug clinical trials related to gastric tumor were registered in China from 2012 to 2021, accounting for 3.7% (114/3 041) of all anticancer drug clinical trials in the same period, the registration number showed a significant growth rate after 2016 and reached its peak with 32 trials in 2020. Among them, 85 (74.6%, 85/114) trials were initiated by Chinese pharmaceutical enterprise. Compared with foreign pharmaceutical enterprise, Chinese pharmaceutical enterprise had higher rates of phase I trials (35.3% vs 6.9%, P=0.001), but the rate of international multicenter trials (11.9% vs 67.9%, P<0.001) was relatively low. There were 76 different drugs involved in relevant clinical trials, of which 65 (85.5%) were targeted drugs. For targeted drugs, HER2 is the most common one (14 types), followed by PD-1 and multi-target VEGER. In the past ten years, 3 of 4 marketed drugs for gastric cancer treatment were domestic and included in the national medical insurance directory. Conclusions: From 2012 to 2021, China has made some progress in drug research and development for gastric carcinoma. However, compared with the serious disease burden, it is still insufficient. Targeted strengthening of research and development of investment in many aspects of gastric cancer drugs, such as new target discovery, matured target excavating, combination drug development and early line therapy promotion, is the key work in the future, especially for domestic companies.
China ; Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use* ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Objective: To compare the efficiency of the target gene panel method and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in detecting idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), and select a more suitable gene detection method. METHODS: We selected 24 genes closely related to the molecular pathogenesis of IHH to make up the gene panel, detected the mutation sites in 73 patients with IHH using the panel method, and verified the results of sequencing with the Sanger method. Using the key words "idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism", we searched databases for relevant literature, calculated the positive rate of IHH detected by WES and compared it with that detected with the panel method. RESULTS: Of the 73 cases of IHH detected with the panel method, 7 were found with pathogenic mutations, including 2 cases of FGFR1, 2 cases of CHD7, 2 cases of KISS1R, and 1 case of NR5A1 mutation. Sanger sequencing showed that the positive rate of the panel method was 9.7%. Of the 1 336 articles retrieved, 5 met the inclusion criteria and were included, in which WES revealed a positive rate of about 30%. CONCLUSIONS For detection of the diseases with clear mutated genes, the panel method is relatively inexpensive and has a high sequencing depth, while for detection of the diseases with complicated genetic patterns and unclear mutated genes, WES is more efficient. Further studies are needed for choice of the two methods for different purpose of detection./.
Humans ; Hypogonadism/genetics* ; Male ; Whole Exome Sequencing

Background/Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disease characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and bowel dysfunction. However, the majority of previous neuroimaging studies focus on brain structure and connections but seldom on the inter-hemispheric connectivity or structural asymmetry. This study uses multi-modal imaging to investigate the abnormal changes across the 2 cerebral hemispheres in patients with IBS. Methods: Structural MRI, resting-state functional MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging were acquired from 34 patients with IBS and 33 healthy controls. The voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity, fractional anisotropy, fiber length, fiber number, and asymmetry index were calculated and assessed for group differences. In addition, we assessed their relevance for the severity of IBS. Results: Compared with healthy controls, the inter-hemispheric functional connectivity of patients with IBS showed higher levels in bilateral superior occipital gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate gyrus, and angular gyrus, but lower in supplementary motor area. The statistical results showed no significant difference in inter-hemispheric anatomical connections and structural asymmetry, however negative correlations between inter-hemispheric connectivity and the severity of IBS were found in some regions with significant difference. Conclusions The functional connections between cerebral hemispheres were more susceptible to IBS than anatomical connections, and brain structure is relatively stable. Besides, the brain areas affected by IBS were concentrated in default mode network and sensorimotor network.

The purpose of this study was to understand the pharmacodynamic effect of Valeriana jatamansi extract in diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D) rat model induced by maternal separation combined with three kinds of stress, and observe the changes of endogenous metabolites in feces after intervention to find potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways. The animal model of IBS-D was established by maternal separation combined with restraint, ice swimming and tail clamping. The therapeutic effect of each dose group of V. jatamansi extract was evaluated in terms of abdominal withdrawal reflex pressure threshold, fecal water content and immobility time of forced swimming test. In addition, rat feces were collected for detection of metabolic profiles of small molecular metabolites with UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS platform, so as to find the biomarkers of differential metabolism with multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogon partial least squares discrimination analysis(OPLS-DA). The results showed that as compared with the normal group, the threshold of abdominal withdrawal reflex pressure was decreased, the fecal water content was increased, and the immobility time of forced swimming test was prolonged in the model group. The results of fecal metabonomics showed that the levels of 39 metabolites were down-regulated and those of 37 metabolites were up-re-gulated. Further analysis showed that these metabolites were related to bile acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, ceramide metabolism and other metabolic pathways. This study proved that the extract of V. jatamansi had definite pharmacodynamic effect on IBS-D model rats, and the mechanism was discussed from the perspective of fecal metabonomics.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Diarrhea ; Feces ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy* ; Maternal Deprivation ; Metabolomics ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Valerian

Background/Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disease characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and bowel dysfunction. However, the majority of previous neuroimaging studies focus on brain structure and connections but seldom on the inter-hemispheric connectivity or structural asymmetry. This study uses multi-modal imaging to investigate the abnormal changes across the 2 cerebral hemispheres in patients with IBS. Methods: Structural MRI, resting-state functional MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging were acquired from 34 patients with IBS and 33 healthy controls. The voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity, fractional anisotropy, fiber length, fiber number, and asymmetry index were calculated and assessed for group differences. In addition, we assessed their relevance for the severity of IBS. Results: Compared with healthy controls, the inter-hemispheric functional connectivity of patients with IBS showed higher levels in bilateral superior occipital gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate gyrus, and angular gyrus, but lower in supplementary motor area. The statistical results showed no significant difference in inter-hemispheric anatomical connections and structural asymmetry, however negative correlations between inter-hemispheric connectivity and the severity of IBS were found in some regions with significant difference. Conclusions The functional connections between cerebral hemispheres were more susceptible to IBS than anatomical connections, and brain structure is relatively stable. Besides, the brain areas affected by IBS were concentrated in default mode network and sensorimotor network.

Objective:Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease .The data show that involvement of the GATA 3-IL-13 gene in asthma is biologically plausible .The objective of this study is investigated the association of GATA 3-IL13 gene polymorphisms and IL-13 levels with asthma;assess the correlations between GATA 3-IL-13 gene SNPs polymorphisms and serum levels of IL-13 in population of Xinjiang (China).Methods:A case group of 279 patients and 277 healthy controls were genotyped to perform using the MassARRAY SNP genotyping system.In 279 asthma patients and 277 controls,IL-13 levels were measured by ELISA.Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) 22.0 (IBM,NY,USA) and Graph Pad Prism 6.0.Results:Patients were found that IL-13 levels were associated with asthma in asthmatic and the IL-13 ( rs2066960 AA ) , GATA3 ( rs3781093 CC) genotype was associated with a notably increased risk of asthma compared with the CC (rs2066960),TT (rs3781093) genotype (P<0.05).Similarly,IL-13(rs2066960) C-A alleles were significantly associated with risk of asthma (P<0.05).However,the rs3781093 C-T alleles had no obvious differences (P>0.05).In addition,the patients carrying the rs2066960 AA genotype presented with higher IL-13 levels compared to the CC group .Conclusion:This result suggests that the rs 2066960 C-A variant is associated with IL-33 levels in patients with asthma .