Plants of the Isodon genus are an important source of terpenoids， with their constituents exhibiting rich structural diversity and remarkable biological activities （such as anticancer， antimicrobial， and anti-inflammatory properties）， demonstrating significant potential in the field of immunomodulation. This review summarizes recent advances in the immunomodulatory mechanisms， development and application of terpenoid compounds from the Isodon genus. It has been found that these compounds can modulate key inflammatory signaling pathways， such as nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） and mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs）， thereby blocking the cascade amplification of inflammatory factors， alleviating chronic inflammatory responses， and correcting immune dysregulation. Additionally， they can influence the polarization direction of macrophages and dynamically regulate the balance among different functional subsets of T cells， restoring immune homeostasis. Their clinical translation faces multiple challenges， including poor druggability， a lack of systematic safety data， the absence of precise pharmacodynamic biomarkers， complexities in clinical trial design， and unclear industrialization pathways.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of transvaginal ultrasound(TVS)and thin-section oblique axial T2WI in deep infiltrating endometriosis(DIE)of uterosacral ligaments(USL).Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on preoperative TVS and MRI images from 74 patients with USL-DIE.The diagnostic efficacy of TVS and thin-section oblique axial T2WI for USL-DIE was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve based on pathological findings,and area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value(PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV)were further calculated.The McNemar two-tailed test was used to analyze the difference in diagnostic accuracy between the two methods for USL-DIE.Results The AUCs of TVS and thin-section oblique axial T2WI for diagnosing left and right USL-DIE were 0.721 vs 0.842 and 0.640 vs 0.901,respectively.Thin-section oblique axial T2WI demonstrated higher sensitivity,accuracy,PPV,and NPV compared to TVS in diagnosing USL-DIE.The diagnostic accuracy was found to be statistically different between the two methods(Pleft =0.026,χ2=4.966;Pright<0.001,χ2=16.531).Conclusion Thin-section oblique axial T2WI outperformed TVS in terms of diagnostic value for USL-DIE,providing valuable imaging support for accurate clinical diagnosis.

Background Due to the prominent particularity of medical work,nurses are prone to developing depression,which not only poses a considerable threat to the physical and mental health of nurses,but also affects the quality of nursing to some extent.Occupational stress is a known contributor to depression in nurses,whereas relatively little research has been done to investigate the underlying mediation path.Objective To explore the mediation effect of perceived organizational support and psychological capital on the relationship between occupational stress and depression among nurses,and to provide theoretical references for the prevention and treatment of occupational stress-induced depression in nurses.Methods From March to August 2019,a stratified random sampling method was utilized to select a sample size of 720 nurses in each department of a grade A tertiary hospital in Shandong Province.All subjects were assessed using Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire(ERI),Perceived Organization Support Questionnaire(POS),Psychological Capital Questionnaire(PCQ)and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D).Pearson correlation was adopted to examine the correlation among above scales,and multilevel mediation analyses were conducted with model 6 in Process macro(version 3.3)for SPSS 26.0 using Bootstrap re-sampling method.Results A total of 658 nurses(91.39%)completed the effective questionnaire survey.ERI score was positively correlated with CES-D score(r=0.499,P<0.01),and negatively correlated with POS and PCQ scores(r=-0.318,-0.275,P<0.01).POS score was positively correlated with PCQ score(r=0.455,P<0.01),and negatively correlated with CES-D score(r=-0.401,P<0.01).PCQ score was negatively correlated with CES-D score(r=-0.567,P<0.01).The total effect value of occupational stress on depression was 0.466(95%CI:0.399～0.534).Perceived organizational support(indirect effect value of 0.027,95%CI:0.006～0.057)and psychological capital(indirect effect value of 0.059,95%CI:0.013～0.120),separately from each other,mediated the relationship between occupational stress and depression,and a chained mediation effect of perceived organizational support and psychological capital was also demonstrated(indirect effect value of 0.051,95%CI:0.031～0.082),accounting for 10.94%of the total effect.Conclusion Occupational stress is a influencing factor of nurses' depression,which can affect the occurrence of depression both directly and indirectly through either separate or chained mediation of perceived organizational support and psychological capital.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Humans ; Gemcitabine ; Neoplasms

Objective:To analyze the treatment effect and drug resistance mutation of HIV-1 infected patients who changed to the second-line antiretroviral treatment regimen after they had developed drug-resistance with first-line antiretroviral treatment regimen in some areas of Sichuan Province.Methods:Using the cohort study method, the patients who had developed drug resistance with the first-line regimen were followed up for two years from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021.The changes of CD4 +T lymphocytes (CD4) counts and viral load (VL) at the endline and the detection of drug-resistant mutation sites were analyzed using the chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of antiretroviral treatment effect in patients who had good compliance after switching to the second-line regimen. Results:A total of 737 patients were recruited. Among the cases with continuous good compliance, those who timely changed to the second-line regimen had higher proportion of maintaining continuous CD4 >200 cells/μl and sustained virus inhibition ( P<0.05). Among the patients with different levels of drug resistance at baseline, there was no significant difference in continuous CD4 >200 cells/μl and sustained VL <200 copies/ml ( P>0.05). After changing to the second-line regimen, the drug-resistant mutation sites of some protease inhibitors showed an upward trend, while those of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors showed a downward trend ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, among patients who had good compliance and who had switched to the second-line regimen, mother-to-child-transmitted patients had 3.01 times higher risk than heterosexual sexually transmitted infection (95% CI:1.29-7.00), failure to change the second-line protocol in time brought 2.55 times higher risk than that of timely changing to the second-line regimen (95% CI:1.41-4.62) and patients who infected with CRF85_BC subtype had 3.32 times higher risk than those infected with CRF01_AE subtype (95% CI:1.49-7.42). Conclusions:Difference in the drug resistance levels with the first-line regimen does not affect patients' antiretroviral treatment effect after changing to the second-line regimen in Sichuan Province. Changing to the second-line regimen in time and maintaining good compliance are beneficial to higher immune levels and lower VLs in drug-resistant patients. Among patients who changed to the second-line regimen, mother-to-child transmission, failure to change the second-line program in time, and infection with CRF85_BC virus are risk factors endangering antiretroviral treatment success after changing to the second-line regimen.

Objectives: To investigated the safety and efficacy of treating patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and elevated levels of N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with levosimendan within 24 hours of first medical contact (FMC). Methods: This multicenter, open-label, block-randomized controlled trial (NCT03189901) investigated the safety and efficacy of levosimendan as an early management strategy of acute heart failure (EMS-AHF) for patients with NSTEMI and high NT-proBNP levels. This study included 255 patients with NSTEMI and elevated NT-proBNP levels, including 142 males and 113 females with a median age of 65 (58-70) years, and were admitted in the emergency or outpatient departments at 14 medical centers in China between October 2017 and October 2021. The patients were randomly divided into a levosimendan group (n=129) and a control group (n=126). The primary outcome measure was NT-proBNP levels on day 3 of treatment and changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline on day 5 after randomization. The secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in NT-proBNP levels from baseline, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 6 months after hospitalization, safety during the treatment, and health economics indices. The measurement data parameters between groups were compared using the t-test or the non-parametric test. The count data parameters were compared between groups using the χ² test. Results: On day 3, the NT-proBNP levels in the levosimendan group were lower than the control group but were statistically insignificant [866 (455, 1 960) vs. 1 118 (459, 2 417) ng/L, Z=-1.25,P=0.21]. However, on day 5, changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline in the levosimendan group were significantly higher than the control group [67.6% (33.8%,82.5%)vs.54.8% (7.3%,77.9%), Z=-2.14, P=0.03]. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in the NT-proBNP levels on day 5 between the levosimendan and the control groups [77.5% (100/129) vs. 69.0% (87/126), χ²=2.34, P=0.13]. Furthermore, incidences of MACE did not show any significant differences between the two groups during hospitalization [4.7% (6/129) vs. 7.1% (9/126), χ²=0.72, P=0.40] and at 6 months [14.7% (19/129) vs. 12.7% (16/126), χ²=0.22, P=0.64]. Four cardiac deaths were reported in the control group during hospitalization [0 (0/129) vs. 3.2% (4/126), P=0.06]. However, 6-month survival rates were comparable between the two groups (log-rank test, P=0.18). Moreover, adverse events or serious adverse events such as shock, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia were not reported in both the groups during levosimendan treatment (days 0-1). The total cost of hospitalization [34 591.00(15 527.46,59 324.80) vs. 37 144.65(16 066.90,63 919.00)yuan, Z=-0.26, P=0.80] and the total length of hospitalization [9 (8, 12) vs. 10 (7, 13) days, Z=0.72, P=0.72] were lower for patients in the levosimendan group compared to those in the control group, but did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Early administration of levosimendan reduced NT-proBNP levels in NSTEMI patients with elevated NT-proBNP and did not increase the total cost and length of hospitalization, but did not significantly improve MACE during hospitalization or at 6 months.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Simendan/therapeutic use* ; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction ; Heart Failure/drug therapy* ; Peptide Fragments ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Biomarkers ; Prognosis

Objective:To summarize the best evidence for early enteral nutrition support in postoperative patients with gastric cancer and evaluate its effectiveness.Methods:From March to August 2021, 108 postoperative patients with gastric cancer admitted to the Gastrointestinal Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University were selected. We applied evidence-based nursing methods to summarize the best evidence for early enteral nutrition support in postoperative gastric cancer patients, and constructed and implemented the best evidence application strategy through baseline review, evaluation of evidence application clinical scenarios and barriers. We compared the various indicators of two groups of patients before the application of evidence (March to May 2021, n=55) and after the application of evidence (June to August 2021, n=53) . Results:No adverse events occurred during the application of evidence. After applying evidence, the correct nutritional assessment rate increased from 41.82% (23/55) at baseline review to 90.57% (48/53), the implementation rate of early postoperative enteral nutrition increased from 0 to 45.28% (24/53), the start time of postoperative enteral nutrition shortened from (3.75±2.33) days to (2.06±1.38) days, and the implementation rate of postoperative priority oral nutrition increased from 63.64% (35/55) to 86.79% (46/53), nutritional related complications decreased from 40.00% (22/55) to 20.75% (11/53), and the differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of the best evidence for early enteral nutrition support in postoperative gastric cancer patients can shorten the start time of postoperative enteral nutrition, reduce postoperative nutrition related complications, and promote early recovery of patients.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of vision loss and even blindness in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial factor therapy has become the gold standard management of DME. However, not all eyes response optimally to common management of DME, which could be due to the differences of individual factors. Increasing age could be the predictive factors for poor outcome. The influence of glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease and relative factors on treatment response require further investigation. Identifying the systemic factors that influence the treatment response of DME can provide the evidence to predict the prognosis of DME, and improve the efficacy of clinical treatment.

Objective:To explore the effect of three-dimensional(3D) design and printing in the reoperation of asymmetric deformity after orthognathic surgery.Methods:Patients of facial asymmetry after orthognathic surgery were included in the Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University from January 2016 to August 2020. Surgical plans and guide plates (positioning guide plate, bone cutting guide plate, reset guide plate) were made by 3D design and printing. During the operations, guide plates were used to guide osteotomy. The facial shape satisfaction of clinicians/patients/third-party were recorded and analyzed at preoperation and 6-12 months postoperation. These patients’ CT scan data was imported to the digital surgery software. Then the distance of chin-midpoint to mid-sagittal plane and the difference of bilateral protuberant point of mandible body to mid-sagittal plane were measured at preoperation and 6-12 months postoperation to determine whether the asymmetry were corrected and postoperative distance were the same as the preoperative design. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 17.0 statistical software, and measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD. The preoperative and postoperative satisfaction of patients/clinicians/third-party, digital data of preoperation/postoperation and digital data of design-operations/postoperation were analyzed by paired t-test. Analysis of variance and dunnett- t test were used to compare the satisfaction of the surgeon, the third party and patients before and after operation. Results:There were 16 cases of facial asymmetry after orthognathic surgery, including 3 males and 13 females, aged from 18 to 35 years. In 9 cases, genioplasty were used to correct chin deviation. In the other 4 cases, unilateral buccal cortical bone resection were used to correct mandibular body deviation. In the last 3 cases, genioplasty and unilateral buccal cortical bone resection were both applied. All 16 patients successfully received the operation according to the preoperative digital designed plate. Postoperative follow-up ranged 6 months to 1 year. In the 12 cases of genioplasty, the distance of chin-midpoint to mid-sagittal plane reduced from(4.99±0.83) mm preoperatively to (1.63±0.80) mm postoperatively and the difference significant ( t=9.09, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the distance of preoperative design [(1.50±0.43) mm] and the postoperative one ( t=-0.83, P=0.423). In the 7 cases of unilateral buccal cortical bone resection, the difference of bilateral protuberant point of mandible body to mid-sagitta plane reduced from (7.26±1.20) mm preoperatively to (2.44±0.56) mm postoperatively and the difference was statistically significant ( t=10.26, P<0.001). There was no significant difference was observed between the distance of preoperative design [(2.39±0.16) mm] and the postoperative one ( t=-0.29, P=0.779). The preoperative satisfaction of patients, clinicians and third-party were 65.94±8.21, 79.69±5.91, 79.38±7.50. The postoperative satisfaction of patients, clinicians and third-party were 90.00±5.48, 90.63±2.50, 90.00±4.08. The postoperative satisfaction of patients, chief surgeon and third party was higher than that preoperative satisfaction and the difference was statistically significant( t=-9.15, P<0.001; t=-7.50, P<0.001; t=-6.04, P<0.001). The difference of preoperation satisfaction was statistically significant( F=18.66, P<0.001). The difference of satisfaction of the clinicians and the patients was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The difference of satisfaction of the third-party and the patients was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The difference of postoperation satisfaction was not statistically significant( F=0.12, P=0.889). Conclusions:3D design and printing can 3D analyze comprehensively, simulate surgery accurately, visualize proposed result and guide 3D printing digital guiding plate to perform surgery accurately. In addition, it can improve postoperative satisfaction. So 3D design and printing had obvious advantages in the secondary surgery of asymmetric deformity correction after orthognathic surgery.