In this paper， by referring to ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Inulae Flos has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， production area， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and others， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. After textual research， it could be verified that the medicinal use of Inulae Flos was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing of the Han dynasty. In successive dynasties， Xuanfuhua has been taken as the official name， and it also has other alternative names such as Jinfeicao， Daogeng and Jinqianhua. The period before the Song and Yuan dynasties， the main origin of Inulae Flos was the Asteraceae plant Inula japonica， and from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present， I. japonica and I. britannica are the primary source. In addition to the dominant basal species， there are also regional species such as I. linariifolia， I. helianthus-aquatili， and I. hupehensis. The earliest recorded production areas in ancient times were Henan， Hubei and other places， and the literature records that it has been distributed throughout the country since modern times. The medicinal part is its flower， the harvesting and processing method recorded in the past dynasties is mainly harvested in the fifth and ninth lunar months， and dried in the sun， and the modern harvesting is mostly harvested in summer and autumn when the flowers bloom， in order to remove impurities， dry in the shade or dry in the sun. In addition， the roots， whole herbs and aerial parts are used as medicinal materials. In ancient times， there were no records about the quality of Inulae Flos， and in modern times， it is generally believed that the quality of complete flower structure， small receptacles， large blooms， yellow petals， long filaments， many fluffs， no fragments， and no branches is better. Ancient processing methods primarily involved cleaning， steaming， and sun-drying， supplemented by techniques such as boiling， roasting， burning， simmering， stir-frying， and honey-processing. Modern processing focuses mainly on cleaning the stems and leaves before use. Regarding the medicinal properties， ancient texts describe it as salty and sweet in taste， slightly warm in nature， and mildly toxic. Modern studies characterize it as bitter， pungent， and salty in taste， with a slightly warm nature. Its therapeutic effects remain consistent across eras， including descending Qi， resolving phlegm， promoting diuresis， and stopping vomiting. Based on the research results， it is recommended that when developing famous classical formulas containing Inulae Flos， either I. japonica or I. britannica should be used as the medicinal source. Processing methods should follow formula requirements， where no processing instructions are specified， the raw products may be used after cleaning.

In this paper， by referring to ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Inulae Flos has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， production area， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and others， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. After textual research， it could be verified that the medicinal use of Inulae Flos was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing of the Han dynasty. In successive dynasties， Xuanfuhua has been taken as the official name， and it also has other alternative names such as Jinfeicao， Daogeng and Jinqianhua. The period before the Song and Yuan dynasties， the main origin of Inulae Flos was the Asteraceae plant Inula japonica， and from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present， I. japonica and I. britannica are the primary source. In addition to the dominant basal species， there are also regional species such as I. linariifolia， I. helianthus-aquatili， and I. hupehensis. The earliest recorded production areas in ancient times were Henan， Hubei and other places， and the literature records that it has been distributed throughout the country since modern times. The medicinal part is its flower， the harvesting and processing method recorded in the past dynasties is mainly harvested in the fifth and ninth lunar months， and dried in the sun， and the modern harvesting is mostly harvested in summer and autumn when the flowers bloom， in order to remove impurities， dry in the shade or dry in the sun. In addition， the roots， whole herbs and aerial parts are used as medicinal materials. In ancient times， there were no records about the quality of Inulae Flos， and in modern times， it is generally believed that the quality of complete flower structure， small receptacles， large blooms， yellow petals， long filaments， many fluffs， no fragments， and no branches is better. Ancient processing methods primarily involved cleaning， steaming， and sun-drying， supplemented by techniques such as boiling， roasting， burning， simmering， stir-frying， and honey-processing. Modern processing focuses mainly on cleaning the stems and leaves before use. Regarding the medicinal properties， ancient texts describe it as salty and sweet in taste， slightly warm in nature， and mildly toxic. Modern studies characterize it as bitter， pungent， and salty in taste， with a slightly warm nature. Its therapeutic effects remain consistent across eras， including descending Qi， resolving phlegm， promoting diuresis， and stopping vomiting. Based on the research results， it is recommended that when developing famous classical formulas containing Inulae Flos， either I. japonica or I. britannica should be used as the medicinal source. Processing methods should follow formula requirements， where no processing instructions are specified， the raw products may be used after cleaning.

Objective To observe the 18F-FDG PET/CT manifestations of primary systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma(ALCL).Methods A total of 21 patients with primary systemic ALCL were enrolled,and PET/CT manifestations were observed.Results Among 21 cases of ALCL,there were 15 cases of ALK+and 6 cases of ALK-.Affected lymph nodes in multiple site were observed in 19 cases,mainly located in the neck(n=13),mediastinum(n=12 cases)or retroperitoneum(n=12),while single site affected lymph node was notice in 2 cases.Extranodal organs/site involvements were found in 12 cases,including 6 cases of soft tissue(such as skin,muscles,etc.),4 cases of bone,14 cases of organs,including 4 cases of lung,3 cases of liver,2 cases of pancreas,2 cases of kidney,2 cases of gastrointestinal tract and 1 case of thyroid.Among 21 cases of ALCL,19 with irregular lymph node morphology and fused into clusters,17 with uniform density,3 with necrosis and 1 with calcification.All ALCL lesions in 21 cases showed hypermetabolism,the maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax)and the mean standard uptake value(SUVmean)of the affected lymph node was 17.04±9.94 and 9.96±6.15,respectively,while the metabolic tumor volume(MTV)and total lesion glycolysis(TLG)of all lesions was 92.54(67.61,249.21)cm3 and 723.46(419.78,1 461.17)g,respectively.The maximum diameter of the affected lymph node was not significantly correlated with SUVmax nor SUVmean(both P＞0.05),but positively correlated with MTV and TLG of all lesions(r=0.696,0.767,both P＜0.001).Ann Arbor staging was positively correlated with the maximum diameter,SUVmax and SUVmean of the affected lymph node,also MTV and TLG of all lesions(r=0.467,0.458,0.702,0.780,0.664,all P＜0.05).Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT manifestations of primary systemic ALCL were characteristic,with significant changed metabolic parameters,including SUVmax,SUVmean,MTV and TLG.

OBJECTIVES: Genetic mutation is one of the important causes for tumor genesis and development, but genetic mutation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has rarely been reported. This study explored the role of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in the efficacy and prognosis in patients with NPC. METHODS: A total of 31 patients with advanced NPC, who came from the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University/Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital, were enrolled. All of the exons of 288 genes, introns of 38 genes and promoters or fusion breakpoint regions from the nasopharyngeal biopsy tissues before treatment were detected by the gene sequencing platform Illumina NextSeq CN500. The coding regions of 728 genes were carried out a high-depth sequencing of target region capture, and the 4 variant types of tumor genes (including point mutations, insertion deletions of small fragments, copy number variations, and currently known fusion genes) were detected. All of 31 patients received platinum-based induction chemotherapy combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and were followed up for a long time. RESULTS: The 3-year regional failure-free survival (RFFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with PI3K-Akt pathway mutation were significantly lower than those in unmutated patients (χ²=6.647, P<0.05). The 3-year RFFS and DFS in patients with mTOR pathway mutations were significantly lower than those in unmutated patients, and there was significant difference (χ²=5.570, P<0.05). The rate of complete response (CR) in patients with unmutated AMPK pathway was significantly higher than that in patients with mutation at 3 months after treatment (P<0.05), and the 3-year RFFS and DFS in patients with AMPK pathway mutation were significantly lower than those in unmutated patients (χ²=4.553, P<0.05). PI3K-Akt/mTOR/AMPK signaling pathway mutations and pre-treatment EB virus DNA copy numbers were independent prognostic factors for 3-year RFFS and DFS in patients with NPC (both P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The NPC patients with PI3K-Akt/mTOR/AMPK signaling pathway mutation have poor prognosis, and the detection of PI3K-Akt, mTOR, AMPK driver genes and signaling pathways by next-generation sequencing is expected to provide new idea for basic research and targeted therapy of NPC.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/genetics* ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism*

Orthodontic tooth movement elicits alveolar bone remodeling and orofacial pain that is manifested by tooth mechanical hyperalgesia. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is upregulated in periodontium and may modulate tooth mechanical hyperalgesia. The objectives were to examine the role of NGF in tooth mechanical hyperalgesia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Tooth mechanical hyperalgesia was induced by ligating closed coil springs between incisors and molars in Sprague-Dawley rats. Retrograde labeling was performed by periodontal administration of fluor-conjugated NGF and the detection of fluorescence in trigeminal ganglia (TG). Lentivirus vectors carrying NGF shRNA were employed to knockdown the expression of NGF in TG. The administration of agonists, antagonists, and virus vectors into TG and periodontium was conducted. Tooth mechanical hyperalgesia was examined through the threshold of biting withdrawal. Our results revealed that tooth movement elicited tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be alleviated by NGF neutralizing antibody and that NGF was upregulated in periodontium (mainly in periodontal fibroblasts) and TG. Retrograde labeling revealed that periodontal NGF was retrogradely transported to TG after day 1. Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) and NGF were co-expressed in trigeminal neurons and the percentage of co-expression was significantly higher following tooth movement. The administration of NGF and NGF neutralizing antibody into TG could upregulate and downregulate the expression of ASIC3 in TG, respectively. NGF aggravated tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be alleviated by ASIC3 antagonist (APETx2). Moreover, NGF neutralizing antibody mitigated tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be recapitulated by ASIC3 agonist (GMQ). NGF-based gene therapy abolished tooth mechanical hyperalgesia and downregulated ASIC3 expression. Taken together, in response to force stimuli, periodontal fibroblasts upregulated the expressions of NGF that was retrogradely transported to TG, where NGF elicited tooth mechanical hyperalgesia through upregulating ASIC3. NGF-based gene therapy is a viable method in alleviating tooth-movement-induced mechanical hyperalgesia.

Objective To investigate the related factors for the survival of the patients with pancreatic cancer.Methods A total of 1 620 patients confirmed as pancreatic cancer admitted in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University,Tumor prevention and treatment center affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University and People's Hospital of Guangdong Province from 2004 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed,and the effects of TNM staging,surgical treatment,palliative chemotherapy and postoperative assisted chemotherapy on the survival of the patients with pancreatic cancer were examined by life table and Log-rank test.Results The median survival time of all 1 620 cases was 7.15 months.The median survival time of TNM stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 12.50 months,10.12 months,9.56 months and 5.43 months,and there was statistically significant difference (P =0.001).The median survival time of cases who did not undergo surgery was 6.10 months,which of patients who underwent radical surgery was 13.67 months,and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.001).The median survival time of cases without chemotherapy was 5.55 months,which of patients who underwent palliative chemotherapy was 7.58 months,and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.001).The median survival time of cases with pure radical surgery without chemotherapy was 12.38 months,which of patients who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy was 14.50 months,and the difference was no statistically significant (P =0.561).Conclusions Early diagnosis followed closely by radical surgery is the key to prolong the survival of pancreatic cancer patients.And adjuvant chemotherapy for patients who lose surgery opportunity may improve clinical prognosis to a certain extent.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the expression of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) in nerve tissues and mitochondrial function during mechanical stretch-induced damage to mouse alveolar epithelial cells.Methods Alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cell line MLE-12 cells were divided into 3 groups (n=13 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),cyclic stretch group (group CS) and cyclic stretch plus NLRP3 inhibitor TAK-242 group (group CS+T).MLE-12 cells underwent 20％ cyclic stretch at a frequency of 0.5 Hz (stretch ∶ intermittence =1 ∶ 1) for 4 h in group CS.In group CS+T,after being incubated for 1 h with 1 μ mol/L TAK-242,MLE-12 cells underwent 20％ cyclic stretch for 4 h,and the parameters were similar to those previously described in group CS.The reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and mitochondrial membrane potential (△ΨM) were measured using chemiluminescence assay.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the concentration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the supernatant.The expression of NLRP3 in MLE-12 cells was detected using Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the △ΨM of cells was significantly decreased,the ROS content and IL-1β concentration were increased,and the expression of NLRP3 was up-regulated in group CS,and the △ΨM of cells was significantly decreased,the ROS content was increased,and the expression of NLRP3 was up-regulated in group CS+T (P＜0.05).Compared with group CS,the △ΨM of cells was significantly increased,the ROS content and IL-1β concentration were decreased,and the expression of NLRP3 was down-regulated in group CS+T (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mechanical stretch induces damage to mitochondria through up-regulating the expression of NLRP3,thus leading to damage to mouse alveolar epithelial cells.

Objective To investigate the vaginal microbilme characterization in women with human papillomavirus(HPV)16 and 18 infection and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods Three groups were set,including control group(without HPV infection and with colpitis),low-grade CIN group(with HPV 16 or/and 18 infection),and high-grade CIN group(with HPV 16 or/and 18 infection).Virginal microbial composition was determined by using 16S rRNA amplication sequencing and hierarchical clustering analysis among three groups was applied.Rank sum test was used to determine statistical significance.Results Diversity and complexity of bacteria was significantly elevated in high-grade group.Compared with the control,the growth of Lactobacillus crispatus(L.crispatus) and Lactobacillus casei(L.casei) was significantly decreased,while Lactobacillus iners(L.iners) was significantly increased in low-grade CIN group and high-grade CIN group,and both were proportionally correlated to the grade of the disease.Brucella canis(B.canis),as colonized bacteria,was significantly decreased in both low-grade and high-grade CIN groups,and the changes were proportional to the grade of disease.The growth of Dialistersuccinatiphilus(D.succinatiphilus),Gardnerella vaginalis(G.vaginalis) and Prevotellabivia(P.bivia) were significantly elevated and proportional to the grade of disease.Conclusion The diversity and complexity of virginal microbial composition could be significantly expanded in women with HPV infection and high-grade CIN.In contrast to the important role of lactobacillus in virginal health,L.inners could be pathogenic.The colonization of B.canis,D.succinatiphilus,G.vaginalis and P.bivia might be highly correlated with HPV chronic infection and further development of CIN.

Objective To explore the effect of Microsoft PowerPoint health education mode on network platform on releasing the preoperative anxiety of selective the neurosurgical surgery patients. Methods A total of 180 neurosurgery patients who were undergoing elective neurological surgery from September 2015 to August 2016 were enrolled in this study, and randomly divided into experimental and control group with 90 cases in each. The control group received traditional health education before surgery. While on the basis of the control group, the experimental group received Microsoft PowerPoint health education on network platform. The state anxiety inventory(S-AI) in state anxiety inventory(STAI) was used to compare the anxiety status of the two groups one day before surgery. The satisfaction level was investigated and compared by the satisfaction questionnaire survey. Results The S-AI score of the control group was (53.54±7.58), significantly higher than the observation group (41.16±3.58), with statistical difference (t=-20.911, P< 0.01). Satisfaction of the experimental group (95.6%) was higher than the control group (86.7%),and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.390, P<0.05). Conclusions The Microsoft Power Point health education mode on network platform can reduce the degree of anxiety in patients who are undergoing selective surgery and improve the patients' satisfaction with health education.

Objective To evaluate the effect of recombinant human annexin A5 on the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase C alpha (p-PKCα) and p120-catenin during endotoxin-induced damage to cardiomyocytes.Methods H9c2 cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),endotoxin group (group L),and recombinant human annexin A5 group (group A).Recombinant human annexin A5 (final concentration 5 ng/ml) was added,and the cells were incubated for 2 h in group A,and then lipopolysaccharide (final concentration 1 μg/ml) was added,and the cells were incubated for 4 h in L and A groups.At 4 h of incubation,cell apoptosis was detected using the cell apoptosis detection kit,the intercellular space was measured using the confocal microscopy,and the expression of p-PKCα and p120-catenin was determined by Western blot.The apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased,the intercellular space was significantly widened,the expression of p120-catenin was significantly down-regulated,and the expression of p-PKCα was significantly up-regulated in group L (P＜0.05).Compared with group L,the apoptosis rate and intercellular space were significantly decreased,the expression of p120-catenin was significantly up-regulated,and the expression of p-PKCα was significantly down-regulated in group A (P＜0.05).Conclusion Recombinant human annexin A5 can inhibit phosphorylation of PKCα and up-regulate the expression of p120-catenin,thus attenuating endotoxin-induced damage to cardiomyocytes.