Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment experience of salivary pleomorphic adenoma in children. Methods:Thirty patients with salivary pleomorphic adenomas treated in Beijing Childrens Hospital from January 2008 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed, including 11 boys and 19 girls, with the age ranging from 0.3 to 14.4 years（median age 10.4 years）. Initial presentation, medical history, imaging workups, surgical approaches, complications, rates of recurrence were evaluated. Results:Major salivary gland lesions were most common（n=24, 80%）; 53.3%（16 of 30） arising in the submandibular glands and 26.7%（8 of 30） in the parotid. Minor salivary gland lesions（n=6, 20%） were removed from the palate, tongue, face, trachea, nasopharynx, and upper mediastinumand. Preoperative imaging was reviewed in all patients and consisted of 26 ultrasound exams, 2 computerized tomography（CT） exams, and 15 magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） exams. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed in 12 patients. Surgical excision was performed in all patients. Postoperative complications included transient facial paresis（n=3）, Pneumonia and pleural effusion（n=1）. Average length of follow-up was 36.7 months; confirmed recurrence occurred in one patients. Conclusion:The symptoms of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma in children are different according to the location of the tumor. The treatment is complete surgical resection, and a small amount of normal tissue around the tumor should be removed to reduce recurrence.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic/diagnosis* ; Adolescent ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

Bacterial biofilms can make traditional antibiotics impenetrable and even promote the development of antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, non-antibiotic strategies to effectively penetrate and eradicate the formed biofilms are urgently needed. Here, we demonstrate the development of self-propelled biohybrid microrobots that can enhance the degradation and penetration effects for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in minimally invasive strategy. The biohybrid microrobots (CR@Alg) are constructed by surface modification of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CR) microalgae with alginate lyase (Alg) via biological orthogonal reaction. By degrading the biofilm components, the number of CR@Alg microrobots with fast-moving capability penetrating the biofilm increases by around 2.4-fold compared to that of microalgae. Massive reactive oxygen species are subsequently generated under laser irradiation due to the presence of chlorophyll, inherent photosensitizers of microalgae, thus triggering photodynamic therapy (PDT) to combat bacteria. Our algae-based microrobots with superior biocompatibility eliminate biofilm-infections efficiently and tend to suppress the inflammatory response in vivo, showing huge promise for the active treatment of biofilm-associated infections.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of Cefazolin sodium for injection， Cefuroxime sodium for injection， and Ceftazidime for injection from nationally organized centralized drug procurement （hereinafter referred to as “centralized procurement”） and non-centralized procurement in patients with bacterial infection. METHODS The case data of hospitalized patients who had used 3 kinds of Cephalosporins for injection from centralized procurement or non-centralized procurement in the treatment of bacterial infections were retrospectively collected from 19 medical institutions in Kunming from January 2020 to September 2022. After balancing the baseline differences between the groups with the propensity score matching method， the effectiveness and safety differences of 3 kinds of Cephalosporins for injection from centralized procurement or non- centralized procurement were compared respectively. RESULTS After balancing the baseline differences among the groups， 394 cases in each group of Cefazolin sodium for injection from centralized procurement or non-centralized procurement， 472 cases in each group of Cefuroxime sodium for injection from centralized procurement or non-centralized procurement， 504 cases in group of Ceftazidime for injection from centralized procurement and 590 cases in group of non-centralized procurement were included in the analysis. In terms of effectiveness， there were no significant differences in clinical response rate， 72 h response rate， bacterial clearance rate， and the recovery rate of body temperature， white blood cell count， neutrophil count， neutrophil percentage， C-reactive protein， procalcitonin recovery between the centralized procurement group and non-centralized procurement group of Cefazolin sodium for injection and Cefuroxime sodium for injection （P＞0.05）. The proportion of patients in centralized procurement group of Ceftazidime for injection with C-reactive protein restored to normal reference range was significantly higher than that in non-centralized procurement group （46.9% vs. 27.9%， P＜0.05）， but there were no statistically significant differences in other effectiveness indicators among groups （P＞0.05）. In terms of safety， there was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between centralized procurement group and non-centralized procurement group of 3 kinds of Cephalosporins for injection （P＞0.05）； the incidence of platelet count reduction in centralized procurement group of Cefazolin sodium for injection was significantly higher than non-centralized procurement group （20.7% vs. 7.1%， P＜0.05）， the incidence of eosinophilia elevation in centralized procurement group of Ceftazidime for injection was significantly higher than non-centralized procurement group （5.3% vs. 1.9%， P＜0.05）. In addition， there was no statistically significant difference in the abnormal rates of other laboratory indicators among the three types of injection Cephalosporins （P＞ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of 3 kinds of Cephalosporin for injection from centralized procurement is not inferior to non- centralized procurement varieties， and the safety is equivalent to that of non-centralized procurement varieties.

Objective:To examine the efficacy and experience of staged and segmented two hybrid surgeries for total repair of Debakey type Ⅰ aortic dissection (TIAD).Methods:This study was a retrospective case series. The clinic data of 10 patients with acute TIAD who were admitted to the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University or the First People′s Hospital of Lanzhou, between January 2016 and August 2022, were retrospectively studied. Ten patients underwent hybrid surgeries in two hospitalizations (stages), including 7 males and 3 females with an age of (60±7) years (range: 49 to 71 years). In stage 1, the first type Ⅱ hybrid arch repair was performed to treat the ascending, total arch, and descending thoracic aorta for acute TIAD without circulatory arrest. In stage 2, the second hybrid surgery including infrarenal abdominal aorta replacement, visceral arteries bypass and endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic repair was performed to treat residual thoracoabdominal aortic dissection after the first hybrid operation (segmented). Basic data, preoperative concomitant diseases, high-risk factors, surgical approaches and postoperative complications of all important organs, as well as CT imaging were analyzed.Results:There was no death in the 20 hybrid surgical procedures. In stage 1 type Ⅱ hybrid surgery, 4 cases underwent reconstruction of the aortic sinutubular junction, while Bentall and David surgery was performed for 3 cases, respectively. A patient received coronary artery bypass grafting. Then all patients were sequentially treated with arch debranching and thoracic aortic endovascular repair. Postoperative complications included renal insufficiency (4/10), hemofiltration (1/10), hypoxemia (4/10), neurologic event (1/10) and type Ⅱ endoleak (1/10). Complete false lumen thrombosis occurred in 9/10 of the patients. All complications recovered successfully at discharge and the average hospital stay was (21±4) days (range: 16 to 28 days) in the first hospitalization. At stage 2, the second hybrid surgery was successfully performed in all patients. No paraplegia, hepatic or renal insufficiency, or endoleak occurred. However, branch graft embolism of the left renal artery was found in one patient 3 days after laparotomy, as well as of superior mesenteric artery in another. Superior mesenteric artery occlusion was successfully treated by endovascular recanalization. Complete false lumen thrombosis occurred in all patients. Although all patients had different degrees of intestinal dysfunction, they were gradually relieved at discharge, and the average hospital stay was (19±2)days (range:16 to 21 days) in the second hospitalization. During follow-up, CT angiography showed aortic remodeling in all patients.Conclusion:Staged and segmented two hybrid surgeries are safe and feasible for total repair of Debakey type Ⅰ aortic dissection and are associated with acceptable early and midterm outcomes.

Objective To investigate risk factors of medication non-adherence in elderly patients with hypertension through Meta-analysis.Methods Literatures on medication non-adherence in elderly patients with hypertension were systematically reviewed across various databases,from inception to September 1st 2023,including CNKI,VIP,Wangfong Database,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library、EMbase.Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.Results A total of 19 articles were included,comprising a total of 18 220 patients in sample size.Meta analysis identified 10 risk factors,showed significant association(P<0.05)with:age[OR=1.36,95%CI=(1.00,1.86)],place of residence[OR=1.91,95%CI=(1.33,2.75)],method of payment for medical expenses[OR=1.60,95%CI=(1.38,1.86)],income level[OR=1.68,95%CI=(1.45,1.95)],occupational status[OR=1.79,95%CI=(1.37,2.36)],social support[OR=1.43,95%CI=(1.27,1.60)],comorbidity[CI=0.33,95%(0.19,0.58)],frequency of blood pressure measurement[CI=1.53,95%(1.14,2.05)],disease awareness[OR=1.70,95%CI=(1.44,2.00)]and dedication frequency[OR=1.44,95%CI=(1.16,1.79)].In addition,the number of influencing factors such as gender,marital status,depression,cognitive impairment,and complications was included in<3 articles,and only descriptive analysis was conducted.Conclusion Healthcare providers should focus on the identification and management of the risk factors associated with medication non-adherence in elderly patients with hypertension,therefore to reduce the incidence of medication non-adherence.

Objective:To analyze the treatment outcomes and prognoses of children with head and neck non-parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma (HNnPM RMS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of children with HNnPM RMS admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital from September 2012 to September 2022. The clinical features, comprehensive treatment modes and prognoses of the patients were analyzed. The overall survival rate (OS) and event free survival rate (EFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate analysis was performed using the Log-rank test.Results:A total of 70 children were included in this study, 38 males and 32 females, with a median age of 47 months (2-210 months). Pathological subtypes including the embryonal in 27 cases, the alveolar in 36 cases and the spindle cell and sclerosing in 7 cases. Thirty children (83.3%) with alveolar type were positive for FOXO1 gene fusion. All 70 children underwent chemotherapy, including 38 with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 32 with adjuvant chemotherapy. Sixty of 70 children underwent surgery, of whom, 10 underwent two or more surgeries. There were 63 children underwent radiotherapy, including 54 with intensity-modulated radiation therapy, 4 with particle implantation and 5 with proton therapy. The median follow-up was 45 (5-113) months, the 5-year OS was 73.2%, and the 5-year EFS was 57.7%. Univariate analysis showed lymph node metastasis ( χ2=5.022, P=0.025), distant metastasis ( χ2=8.258, P=0.004), and high Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) group ( χ2=9.859, P=0.029) as risk factors for poor prognosis. Before June 2016, the 5-year OS based on BCH-RMS-2006 scheme was 63.6%, and after 2016, the 5-year OS based on CCCG-RMS-2016 scheme was 79.6%. Conclusion:Multidisciplinary combined standardized treatment can offer good treatment outcome and prognosis for children with HNnPM RMS. Local control is a key to the efficacy of comprehensive treatment.

Objective:To develop the children′s postoperative health-related quality of life scale for thyroid cancer and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The first draft of the scale was developed through literature search, focus group meetings, and a pre-survey, and 116 children (76 for testing and 40 for external validation) with thyroid cancer attending Beijing Children′s Hospital of Capital Medical University were selected to answer the scale, to screen and categorize the questions and to form the final scale with multiple dimensions.Results:The children′s postoperative health-related quality of life scale for thyroid cancer contained 5 dimensions and 29 questions. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the cumulative variance explained by the 5 factors was 64.343%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed correlations between the questions and dimensions of this scale, fair convergent validity for the scale, and good discriminant validity. The validity of the validity scale showed that there was a existing correlation between the questions and the validity scale of this scale. The item-dimension correlation coefficients showed that the questions in each dimension were well differentiated. The total Cronbach′s α coefficient of the scale was 0.930, the folded half reliability was 0.843, and retest reliabilities at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after the initial test were respectively 0.936, 0.922, and 0.910.Conclusion:The developed children′s postoperative health-related quality of life scale for thyroid cancer has good reliability and validity and can be used to assess the health-related quality of life of children after thyroid cancer surgery.

Objective:To examine the efficacy and experience of staged and segmented two hybrid surgeries for total repair of Debakey type Ⅰ aortic dissection (TIAD).Methods:This study was a retrospective case series. The clinic data of 10 patients with acute TIAD who were admitted to the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University or the First People′s Hospital of Lanzhou, between January 2016 and August 2022, were retrospectively studied. Ten patients underwent hybrid surgeries in two hospitalizations (stages), including 7 males and 3 females with an age of (60±7) years (range: 49 to 71 years). In stage 1, the first type Ⅱ hybrid arch repair was performed to treat the ascending, total arch, and descending thoracic aorta for acute TIAD without circulatory arrest. In stage 2, the second hybrid surgery including infrarenal abdominal aorta replacement, visceral arteries bypass and endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic repair was performed to treat residual thoracoabdominal aortic dissection after the first hybrid operation (segmented). Basic data, preoperative concomitant diseases, high-risk factors, surgical approaches and postoperative complications of all important organs, as well as CT imaging were analyzed.Results:There was no death in the 20 hybrid surgical procedures. In stage 1 type Ⅱ hybrid surgery, 4 cases underwent reconstruction of the aortic sinutubular junction, while Bentall and David surgery was performed for 3 cases, respectively. A patient received coronary artery bypass grafting. Then all patients were sequentially treated with arch debranching and thoracic aortic endovascular repair. Postoperative complications included renal insufficiency (4/10), hemofiltration (1/10), hypoxemia (4/10), neurologic event (1/10) and type Ⅱ endoleak (1/10). Complete false lumen thrombosis occurred in 9/10 of the patients. All complications recovered successfully at discharge and the average hospital stay was (21±4) days (range: 16 to 28 days) in the first hospitalization. At stage 2, the second hybrid surgery was successfully performed in all patients. No paraplegia, hepatic or renal insufficiency, or endoleak occurred. However, branch graft embolism of the left renal artery was found in one patient 3 days after laparotomy, as well as of superior mesenteric artery in another. Superior mesenteric artery occlusion was successfully treated by endovascular recanalization. Complete false lumen thrombosis occurred in all patients. Although all patients had different degrees of intestinal dysfunction, they were gradually relieved at discharge, and the average hospital stay was (19±2)days (range:16 to 21 days) in the second hospitalization. During follow-up, CT angiography showed aortic remodeling in all patients.Conclusion:Staged and segmented two hybrid surgeries are safe and feasible for total repair of Debakey type Ⅰ aortic dissection and are associated with acceptable early and midterm outcomes.

Objective:To study the effect of ranibizumab on retinal oxidative stress in a rat model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and its mechanism.Methods:Sixty SPF male SD rats aged 10 weeks were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, ranibizumab group, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor (ML385) group, ranibizumab+ ML385 group, with 12 rats in each group according to a random number table.Except for the normal control group, the CNV model was established in the other four groups via krypton laser induction.According to grouping, the ranibizumab group, ML385 group and ranibizumab+ ML385 group were intravitreally injected with 1 μl of ranibizumab, ML385 and ranibizumab+ ML385, respectively.Model control group and normal control group received an intravitreal injection of normal saline of equal volume.The CNV area was measured through choroidal wholemounts.Pathological change of the retina was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Expressions of Nrf2, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) were detected using Western blot and real-time PCR.The use and care of animals complied with laboratory animal welfare guidelines.The study protocol was approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of Tengzhou Central People's Hospital (No.JN.No20210214S1200430[121]).Results:CNV areas of the model control group, ML385 group and ranibizumab+ ML385 group were (23.01±1.52)×10 3, (30.23±2.01)×10 3 and (18.56±1.85)×10 3 μm 2, respectively, which were significantly higher than (12.35±1.22)×10 3 μm 2 of ranibizumab group (all at P<0.001). The CNV area of ranibizumab+ ML385 group was smaller than that of model control group and ML385 group, and the CNV area of ML385 group was larger than that of model control group, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the structural damage of the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid-sclera complex was slighter in ranibizumab group than model control group, severer in ranibizumab+ ML385 group than ranibizumab group but slighter than model control group, severer in ML385 group than model control group.The mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2, SOD and NQO1 of ranibizumab group were lower than those of normal control group but higher than those of model control group, ML385 group and ranibizumab+ ML385 group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2, SOD and NQO1 were higher in ranibizumab+ ML385 group than model control group and ML385 group, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Ranibizumab can inhibit the growth of CNV induced by krypton laser and reduce RPE damage caused by retinal oxidative stress.The mechanism is related to the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway.