Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shanxi Province from 2012 to 2024, and predict the incidence trend for 2025, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies. Methods Based on the surveillance data of HFMD in Shanxi Province from 2012 to 2024, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and time trends of the disease were analyzed. The ARIMA model was constructed and used to predict the incidence trend in 2025. Results From 2012 to 2024, a total of 254 028 HFMD cases were reported in Shanxi Province, with an average annual incidence rate of 54.17 per 100 000 population, a severe case rate of 0.56%, and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 12.60 per 100 000 population. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the incidence rate, severe case rate, mortality rate, and case fatality rate all presented a downward trend. The epidemic exhibited obvious seasonal distribution characteristics, with the peak period from April to November, and two incidence peaks in June-July and October-November. The male-to-female incidence ratio was 1.41:1. Children aged 1-5 years accounted for 89.24% of the total cases, among which scattered children (58.48%) and nursery children (33.54%) were the high-risk groups. Linfen City (96.06 /100 000) and Taiyuan City (88.54 /100 000) had relatively high incidence rates. After 2017, the proportion of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) decreased, while coxsackievirus A16 (Cox-A16) and other enteroviruses became the main epidemic strains. The ARIMA(1,0,1)(0,1,1)₁₂ model predicted that the incidence of HFMD in 2025 would remain at the level of 2023-2024, and the dual-peak characteristic would continue. Conclusion From 2012 to 2024, the overall HFMD epidemic in Shanxi Province generally shows a significant downward trend. The high-risk population includes scattered children and nursery children under 5 years old, with high-incidence areas concentrated in the central and southern regions, requiring focused attention. The seasonal ARIMA model can effectively fit the evolutionary trend of HFMD incidence in Shanxi Province and possesses short-term predictive capability.

BackgroundDepression is a prevalent emotional problem in adolescents， and parental psychological control is an important predictor of adolescent depression. However， existing research on the acting mechanism between the two is not adequate. ObjectiveTo explore the pathway of negative perfectionism and academic stress between parental psychological control and depressive symptoms among secondary school students， so as to provide references for reducing the incidence risk of depression in such population. MethodsFrom February to April 2023， 1 100 students across 2 middle schools and 2 high schools in Zhongshan city were selected as subjects. The survey was conducted adopting Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire， Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale （CFMPS）， sense of academic stress subscale in Mental Health Inventory of Middle School Student （MMHI-60） and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale （CES-D）. Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to examine the correlation between scores of all scales above， and Amos 24.0 was used to test the mediating path of negative perfectionism and academic stress between parental psychological control and depressive symptoms among secondary school students. ResultsAmong the 1 009 valid questionnaires withdrew （91.73% of the total）， 261 students were detected to have depressive symptoms （25.87%）. As the results of Spearman correlation analysis showed， the scores of the Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire， score of negative perfectionism dimension in CFMPS， score of sense of academic stress subscale in MMHI-60 and CES-D score were positively correlated with each other （r=0.323~0.644， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The direct effect value of parental psychological control on depressive symptoms in secondary school students was 0.128 （95% CI： 0.061~0.201）， accounting for 31.37% of the total effect. Negative perfectionism and academic stress played independently as intermediatory roles between parental psychological control and depressive symptoms in secondary school students， and the indirect effect values were 0.099 （95% CI： 0.068~0.133） and 0.100 （95% CI： 0.060~0.143）， accounting for 24.27% and 24.51% of the total effect， respectively. Negative perfectionism and academic stress acted combinedly as the chain effect pathway between parental psychological control and depressve symptoms in secondary school students， with the indirect effect value of 0.081 （95% CI： 0.060~0.106） accounting for 19.85% of the total effect. ConclusionParental psychological control can affect the depressive symptoms among secondary school students directly， and through independent or chain paths of negative perfectionism and academic stress indirectly. ［Funded by Zhongshan Social Welfare Technology Research Project （number， 2022B1060）］

Objective The kinds and activities of proteolytic enzymes of tongue,esophagus,craw,muscular stomach,glandular stomach,duodenum,large intestine,pancreas,liver in digestive system of Buteo buteo were studied to provide basic information for taxonomy and evolvement study of wild birds. Methods The experiment was carried out at 4℃ by using gelatine polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(G-PAGE) ameliorated by Xu Cunshuan. Results 1.At least 26 kinds of proteolytic enzymes were found in digestive system of Buteo buteo.2.The kinds and activities of proteolytic enzymes in the digestive system of Buteo buteo were affected by pH.The activities of proteolytic enzymes was the weakest in the acid environment and the strongest in the alkaline environment,showing that the activity of the alkaline proteolytic enzymes were stronger than that of the neutral proteolytic enzymes,and that of the acid proteolytic enzymes were weakest.3.Duodenum and pancreas had more kinds and stronger activities of proteolytic enzymes than those in tongue,esophagus and craw in any pH value condition.4.The proteolytic enzymes with 75 and 70?kD molecular weight existed in every organ of digestive system except pancreas and liver in any pH condition.Conclusion The similarity of the kinds and the activities of proteolytic enzymes exist in the organs with similar structure and similar functions. The proteolytic enzyme of 75 and 70?kD molecular weight,whose pH-dependent activity is not obvious,exists widely in digestive system of Buteo buteo.The activity of proteolytic enzyme with 198?kD molecular weight is found in every organ of digestive system under pH 8.5 condition.

Objective The kinds and activities of proteolytic enzymes of organs in the digestive system of Grus grus were studied to provide basic information for the taxonomy and evolvement study of wild birds. Methods The experiment was carried out at 4℃ by using gelatine polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(G-PAGE) ameliorat. Results 1.Altogether 26 kinds of proteolytic enzymes were found in the digestive system of Grus grus in all pH value conditions.2.The kinds and activities of proteolytic enzymes in the digestive system of Grus grus were affected by pH.The activities of proteolytic enzymes were weakest in the acid environment and strongest in the neutral environment,which shows that the activities of the neutral proteolytic enzymes were stronger than those of the alkaline proteolytic enzymes,and those of the acid proteolytic enzymes were weakest.3.The kinds and activities of proteolytic enzymes of the same organ varied tremendously in different pH value conditions.The proteolytic enzymes of different organs had different optimal pH values.4.Proteolytic enzymes with 19?kD molecular weight existed in every organ of the digestive system except glandular stomach in all pH conditions.Proteolytic enzyme with 66 and 22?kD molecular weight was found in every organ of the digestive system in the neutral environment.Conclusion The optimal pH value of proteolytic enzymes in the digestive system of Grus grus is 7.0.The distribution,activity and pH-dependency of proteolytic enzymes of 66?kD,22?kD,19?kD molecular weight are the important characteristic of proteolytic enzymes in the digestive system of Grus grus.