[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.030.].

Objective To research the procedure for creating an animal model of mitral regurgitation by implanting a device through the apical artificial chordae tendineae, and to assess the stability and dependability of the device. Methods Twelve large white swines were employed in the experiments. Through a tiny hole in the apex of the heart, the artificial chordae tendineae of the mitral valve was inserted under the guidance of transcardiac ultrasonography. Before, immediately after, and one and three months after surgery, cardiac ultrasonography signs were noted. Results All models were successfully established. During the operation and the follow-up, no swines died. Immediately after surgery, the mitral valve experienced moderate regurgitation. Compared with preoperation, there was a variable increase in the amount of regurgitation and the values of heart diameters at a 3-month follow-up (P<0.05). Conclusion In off-pump, the technique of pulling the mitral valve leaflets with chordae tendineae implanted transapically under ultrasound guidance can stably and consistently create an animal model of mitral regurgitation.

ObjectiveTo screen optimized protocol of acupuncture for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence （PPUI） patients， and to provide evidence for clinical practice. MethodsMEDLINE， Embase， Cochrane Library， Web of Science， Chinese Biomedical Literature Database， China National Knowledge Infrastructure， WanFang and VIP databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for PPUI. The search was conducted from the establishment of the database to February 1， 2024， and the quality of the literature was evaluated to exclude the studies with a high risk of overall bias or modified Jadad ＜3， and constructed acupuncture protocol and performed meta-analysis. We used International Consultation on Urinary Incontinence Short Form （ICI-Q-SF） scores， quality of life scores， overall effective rate， and modified Jadad scores as beneficial indicators， and the number of acupoints selected， stimulation duration， the number of acupuncture， and the duration of the treatment course as costly indicators， to derive the standardized protocol matrix， and used the entropy method to determine the weights of the different decision-making indicators， and finally combined with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution （TOPSIS） for comprehensive evaluation. ResultsNine studies met the criteria， and the acupuncture treatments involved were constructed as six protocols including electrical acupoint stimulation with low-frequency， electroacupuncture at four acupoints of sacral region， replenishing qi and tonifying kidney acupuncture， body acupuncture plus pelvic floor muscle training， auricular acupuncture， and electroacupuncture plus pelvic floor muscle training. The ICI-Q-SF， number of acupuncture sessions， and total effectiveness rate were given higher weights in the decision-making indexes， while the stimulation duration and the duration of treatment course were given lower weights； the entropy method of TOPSIS was used for the evaluation and proved that the best protocol was the electroacupuncture at four acupoints of sacral region which used continuous-wave electroacupuncture with a frequency of 2 Hz for 60 min each time， and required the needle sensation to radiate to the root of the penis， with the advantages of streamlined selection of acupoints， a significant reduction in ICI-Q-SF， and an increase in the effectiveness rate. ConclusionThe final optimized protocol was electroacupuncture at four acupoints of sacral region， which can provide an evidence-based basis for clinical decision-making and guideline development.

Objective Neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)-evoked kinesthetic information in muscle spindle can be purely extracted from the mixed motor and sensory afferents using Ischemic nerve block(INB).This study aims to investigate the somatosensory cortical response evoked by NMES activating muscle spindle afferents in forearm.Methods All subjects performed four experimental tasks designed according to a 2×2 factors,including one factor of the INB state(without INB and within INB)and the other of the stimulation intensity(above and below motor threshold).During the experiment,we recorded EEG data with 64 channels and then beta event-related desynchronization(Beta ERD)were utilized quantize somatosensory cortical excitability evoked by the tasks.The subjective perception about the sensation and movement of the right hand were evaluated by a psychophysical test after the right wrist was performed by INB.Results INB significantly reduced beta ERD on the contralateral somatosensory cortex evoked by NMES above the motor threshold,and there was significant difference of NMES-evoked beta ERD values on the contralateral somatosensory cortex between above and below motor threshold.Meanwhile,contralateral dominance of NMES-evoked beta ERD on the somatosensory cortex was transferred to ipsilateral hemisphere under INB.Conclusion INB can significantly reduce NMES-evoked somatosensory cortical response above motor threshold and decrease cortical perception on the stimulus intensity,which may be due to INB resulting in rapid functional reorganization of somatosensory cortex.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on oxidative stress in medial prefrontal cortex and excitatory/inhibitory balance of pyramidal neurons in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive model mice.Methods:Totally 48 SPF grade 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups according to random number table method: control+ saline group (CTRL+ Veh), control+ GBE group (CTRL+ GBE), model+ saline group (CUMS+ Veh), model+ GBE group (CUMS+ GBE), with 12 mice in each group.Mice in CUMS+ Veh group and CUMS+ GBE group were established by CUMS method, and mice in CTRL+ GBE group and CUMS+ GBE group were intraperitoneally injected with GBE (70 mg/kg) once a day, and mice in CTRL+ Veh group and CUMS+ Veh group were injected intraperitoneally with 0.9% sodium chloride solution.Then, the sucrose preference test, forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were performed to evaluate the depressive-like behavior of mice, and open field test (OFT) was performed to evaluate the autonomous locomotion and exploration ability and anxiety-like behavior.The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mPFC were determined by ELISA.Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC) and spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) were detected by whole-cell recording.SPSS 23.0 was used for data analysis and two-factor analysis of variance(whether to get GBE, whether to mold, show as GBE×CUMS) was used for statistical analysis.Results:(1) Behavioral results: the the time spent in center and total distance of OFT and sugar preference rate of the four groups of mice were compared, and the interaction of GBE×CUMS was significant( F=24.90, 4.82, 3.91, all P<0.05). The results of simple effect analysis showed that the time spent in center ((47.15±3.58) s), the total distance((19.33±0.86) m) and the sugar preference rate((59.11±8.79)%) of the mice in CUMS+ Veh group were lower than those in the CTRL+ Veh group((61.55±2.49) s, (23.24±1.21) m, (84.02±7.45) %) (all P<0.01), and the above indexes in CUMS+ GBE group ((56.51±3.53) s, (20.75±1.31) m, (70.80±11.79)%) were higher than those in CUMS+ Veh group (all P<0.05). In the immobility time of FST and TST of mice in the 4 groups, the interaction of GBE×CUMS were significant( F=85.53, 83.39, both P<0.01). The immobility time of FST and TST in CUMS+ Veh group were higher than those in CTRL+ Veh group (both P<0.01 ), and the above indexes in CUMS+ GBE group were lower than CUMS+ Veh group(both P<0.05). (2)The results of ELISA showed that the interaction of GBE×CUMS of SOD level of mice in the 4 groups was not significant ( F=3.52, P=0.07), but the main effects of GBE factor and CUMS factor were both significant ( F=4.69, 46.93, both P<0.05). The interaction of GBE×CUMS of MDA level was significant( F=16.61, P<0.01). The level of SOD in the CUMS+ Veh group was lower than that in the CTRL+ Veh group ( P<0.01), and the level of SOD in the CUMS+ GBE group was higher than that in the CUMS+ Veh group ( P<0.05). The level of MDA in the CUMS+ Veh group was higher than that of the CTRL+ Veh group ( P<0.01), and the level of MDA in CUMS+ GBE group was lower than that of the CUMS+ Veh group ( P<0.01). (3) The results of whole-cell recording showed that the interaction of GBE×CUMS of frequency and quantification of sEPSC in the four groups were significant ( F=5.45, 6.94, both P<0.05). The sEPSC frequency and quantification in the CUMS+ Veh group were lower than those in the CTRL+ Veh group (both P<0.01), and the sEPSC frequency and quantification in CUMS+ GBE group were higher than those of CUMS+ Veh group (both P<0.05). The interaction of GBE×CUMS of frequency and quantification of sIPSC in the four groups were significant ( F=7.78, 8.96, both P<0.01). The sIPSC frequency and quantification of the CUMS+ Veh group were higher than those of CTRL+ Veh group (both P<0.01), and the above indexes of CUMS+ GBE group were lower than those of CUMS+ Veh group (both P<0.01). As for the sEPSC/sIPSC ratio, GBE×CUMS interaction was significant ( F=5.45, P=0.02). The sEPSC/sIPSC ratio of CUMS+ Veh group (0.09±0.01) was lower than that of CTRL+ Veh group (0.28±0.04) ( P<0.01), and the sEPSC/sIPSC ratio of CUMS+ GBE group (0.14±0.03) was higher than that of CUMS+ Veh group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Ginkgo biloba extract can improve the depression-like behavior of mice induced by CUMS, reduce the oxidative stress of mPFC and improve the excitation/inhibition balance of pyramidal neurons in depressive model mice.

Objective:To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）on the resistance of gastric cancer AGS cells to irinotecan（ITC）and its related regulatory mechanisms.Methods:Gastric cancer AGS cells were cultured in vitro，and the cells were divided into four groups according to the experimental design：control group，ITC group，HBO group，and HBO + ITC group. The effect of ITC combined with HBO on the proliferation rate of gastric cancer cells was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8（CCK-8）；the changes of apoptosis rate after ITC combined with HBO treatment of AGS cells were detected by flow cytometry；and the changes in the expression of apoptosis-related and drug resistance-related proteins in AGS cells were detected by Western blotting assay. Results:Compared with control group and HBO group，the proliferation of AGS cells in the HBO + ITC group was further inhibited，and its proliferation rate was significantly lower than those of the control group and HBO group（ P<0.01），and also lower than that of the ITC group（ P<0.05）. Compared with those in the control group and the HBO group，the apoptosis rate of AGS cells in the HBO+ITC group was significantly higher than those in the control group and the HBO group（ P<0.01），and also higher than that in the ITC group（ P < 0.05）. In the ITC group and HBO+ITC group，the expression of apoptosis-related and drug resistance-related proteins，including Bcl-2，caspase-9 and P-gp，were significantly decreased，while the expression of Bad，caspase-3 and PARP were significantly increased，and the differences were statistically significant（ P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Compared with the control group and HBO group，p-JNK expression was increased and STAT3 expression was decreased in the ITC group（ P<0.01）；compared with the ITC group，p-JNK expression was increased and STAT3 expression was decreased in the HBO+ITC group（ P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Conclusion:HBO combined with ITC can effectively inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer AGS cells，affect the apoptosis of AGS cells by regulating the JNK/STAT3 signaling pathway，and improve the cells’ drug resistance to a certain extent.

Objective:To explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）combined with paclitaxel（PTX）on the proliferation，level of reactive oxygen species（ROS），and cell cycle of human gastric cancer AGS cell line cultured in vitro. Methods:After the completion of in vitro culture，the AGS cells were divided into four groups，including control group，PTX group，HBO group，and HBO+PTX group. Cell Counting Kit-8（CCK-8）assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of HBO combined with PTX on the proliferation of AGS cells. Flow cytometry was adopted to detect the intracellular ROS level and cell cycle arrest. Western blotting was used to assess the expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins. Results:The survival rate of AGS cells in the HBO+PTX group was significantly lower than those in the control group and the HBO group（ P<0.01），and also lower than that in the PTX group（ P<0.05）. The ROS level of AGS cells in the HBO+PTX group was significantly higher than those in the control group and the HBO group（ P<0.01），and also higher than that in the PTX group（ P<0.05）. PTX blocked the AGS cell cycle in S phase（ P<0.05），and the percentage of cells at S phase in the HBO+PTX group was found slightly higher than that in the PTX group（ P>0.05）. The expression level of Cyclin A1 in the HBO+PTX group was significantly lower than those in the other three groups（ P<0.05 or P<0.01）；the expression level of CDK2 in the HBO+PTX group was lower than those in the control group and the HBO group（ P<0.05），and also slightly lower than that in the PTX group（ P>0.05）. Conclusion:HBO can effectively enhance the inhibitory effect of PTX on the proliferation of AGS cells，increase the intracellular ROS level in AGS cells，and block the cell cycle，thereby inhibiting the differentiation and proliferation of AGS cells.

Objective:To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）on the resistance of gastric cancer AGS cells to irinotecan（ITC）and its related regulatory mechanisms.Methods:Gastric cancer AGS cells were cultured in vitro，and the cells were divided into four groups according to the experimental design：control group，ITC group，HBO group，and HBO + ITC group. The effect of ITC combined with HBO on the proliferation rate of gastric cancer cells was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8（CCK-8）；the changes of apoptosis rate after ITC combined with HBO treatment of AGS cells were detected by flow cytometry；and the changes in the expression of apoptosis-related and drug resistance-related proteins in AGS cells were detected by Western blotting assay. Results:Compared with control group and HBO group，the proliferation of AGS cells in the HBO + ITC group was further inhibited，and its proliferation rate was significantly lower than those of the control group and HBO group（ P<0.01），and also lower than that of the ITC group（ P<0.05）. Compared with those in the control group and the HBO group，the apoptosis rate of AGS cells in the HBO+ITC group was significantly higher than those in the control group and the HBO group（ P<0.01），and also higher than that in the ITC group（ P < 0.05）. In the ITC group and HBO+ITC group，the expression of apoptosis-related and drug resistance-related proteins，including Bcl-2，caspase-9 and P-gp，were significantly decreased，while the expression of Bad，caspase-3 and PARP were significantly increased，and the differences were statistically significant（ P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Compared with the control group and HBO group，p-JNK expression was increased and STAT3 expression was decreased in the ITC group（ P<0.01）；compared with the ITC group，p-JNK expression was increased and STAT3 expression was decreased in the HBO+ITC group（ P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Conclusion:HBO combined with ITC can effectively inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer AGS cells，affect the apoptosis of AGS cells by regulating the JNK/STAT3 signaling pathway，and improve the cells’ drug resistance to a certain extent.

Objective:To explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）combined with paclitaxel（PTX）on the proliferation，level of reactive oxygen species（ROS），and cell cycle of human gastric cancer AGS cell line cultured in vitro. Methods:After the completion of in vitro culture，the AGS cells were divided into four groups，including control group，PTX group，HBO group，and HBO+PTX group. Cell Counting Kit-8（CCK-8）assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of HBO combined with PTX on the proliferation of AGS cells. Flow cytometry was adopted to detect the intracellular ROS level and cell cycle arrest. Western blotting was used to assess the expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins. Results:The survival rate of AGS cells in the HBO+PTX group was significantly lower than those in the control group and the HBO group（ P<0.01），and also lower than that in the PTX group（ P<0.05）. The ROS level of AGS cells in the HBO+PTX group was significantly higher than those in the control group and the HBO group（ P<0.01），and also higher than that in the PTX group（ P<0.05）. PTX blocked the AGS cell cycle in S phase（ P<0.05），and the percentage of cells at S phase in the HBO+PTX group was found slightly higher than that in the PTX group（ P>0.05）. The expression level of Cyclin A1 in the HBO+PTX group was significantly lower than those in the other three groups（ P<0.05 or P<0.01）；the expression level of CDK2 in the HBO+PTX group was lower than those in the control group and the HBO group（ P<0.05），and also slightly lower than that in the PTX group（ P>0.05）. Conclusion:HBO can effectively enhance the inhibitory effect of PTX on the proliferation of AGS cells，increase the intracellular ROS level in AGS cells，and block the cell cycle，thereby inhibiting the differentiation and proliferation of AGS cells.

Objective:To explore the effects of miR-181a-5p on the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) through targeting CTDSPL mediating TGF-β signaling pathway.Methods:Surgical treatment of GIST patients in the First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu City from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2019 were selected as research objects, and tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue were collected intraoperatively. The clinicopathological data of the patients were analyzed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of CTDSPL gene and miR-181a-5p expression. Western blot was used to detect the protein level of CTDSPL and TGF-β signaling pathway related factors. Human gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell lines (GIST-T1) were transfected with miR-181a-5p mimic, miR-181a-5p inhibitor, or CTDSPL overexpression vector. MTT was used to detect cell proliferation activity, Transwell assay was utilized to detect cell invasion, flow cytometry was used to determine cell apoptosis in each group.Results:Compared with adjacent tissues, expression of miR-181a-5p and TGF-β signaling pathway related factors was activated while CTDSPL expression was inhibited. Tumor size, invasion depth and modified NIH grading were related to the mRNA expression level of CTDSPL gene in GIST tumor tissues (All P<0.05) . Compared with Blank group, inhibition of miR-181a-5p or CTDSPL overexpression had the ability to inhibit the cell viability and invasion, induce apoptosis. The effects of miR-181a-5p mimic on GIST-T1 can be saved by CTDSPL overexpression. Conclusion:miR-181a-5p can promote the occurrence and development of GIST by down-regulating the CTDSPL gene level and activating TGF-β signaling pathway.