AIM: To analyze the current status and influencing factors for insufficient hyperopia reserve in preschool children from Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, and to provide reference and basis for myopia prevention and control in this district.METHODS: A stratified cluster random sampling strategy was used to select 2 854 preschool children(5 708 eyes)from 29 child-care centers in Changzhi City between January and May 2024. Hyperopia reserve was assessed through measurements and questionnaire surveys. Totally 2 820 cases(5 640 eyes)were finally included, with 34 cases excluded(32 cases of uncooperativeness and 2 cases of distractibility). The univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were performed to analyze the associated influencing factors of insufficient hyperopia reserve.RESULTS: A total of 580 preschool children with insufficient hyperopia reserve were detected, with an incidence of 20.57%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that male(OR=1.723, 95% CI: 1.419-2.093), maternal myopia(OR=2.210, 95% CI: 1.681-2.906), paternal myopia(OR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.059-1.921), myopia in both parents(OR=2.761, 95% CI: 2.110-3.612), preterm infants(OR=1.740, 95% CI: 1.294-2.342), the mean daily sleep duration <10 h(OR=1.272, 95% CI: 1.024-1.579), and the mean daily outdoor activity time <2 h(OR=1.222, 95% CI: 1.005-1.485)were risk factors for insufficient hyperopia reserve(all P<0.05). Conversely, using blackout curtains during the day and turning off lights at night(OR=0.598, 95% CI: 0.405-0.883)were identified to be protective factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Sex, genetics, gestational age, sleep duration and environmental conditions, and outdoor activity time are potentially associated with insufficient hyperopia reserve in preschool children. Caregivers should prioritize the management of these risk factors to prevent the occurrence of myopia.

Objective: To explore the association between vitamin D levels and sleep in children and adolescents，so as to provide a reference for promoting the sleep health of children and adolescents. Methods: From October to December, 2021, 4 827 primary and middle school students aged 6-17 in Shenzhen were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method, and their demographic information, family background, lifestyle and sleep status were obtained by facetoface questionnaire survey, and their fasting venous blood in the morning was collected to detect the serum 25(OH)D level. The relationship between serum vitamin D level and sleep characteristics was analyzed by binary Logistic regression, and stratified analysis was carried out according to gender. Results: The proportion of vitamin D deficiency was 41.1%, and the proportion of sleep deficiency was 19.4%. With the increase of vitamin D level, daily sleep duration of children and adolescents tended to increase (r=0.10,P<0.01). After adjusting for covariates such as gender and age, it was found that children and adolescents with insufficient vitamin D levels were more likely to experience sleep insufficiency, social jetlag, and late sleep on weekdays, with ORs being 1.32(95%CI=1.12-1.56), 1.35(95%CI=1.19-1.54), and 1.26(95%CI=1.05-1.52)(P<0.05). Sexstratified analysis showed that, among boys, vitamin D deficiency was associated with sleep deficiency, social jetlag, and late bedtime on weekdays and weekends[OR(95%CI)=1.42(1.14-1.77),1.25(1.04-1.49),1.39(1.06-1.82),1.86(1.19-2.92),P<0.05]. In girls, however, serum vitamin D levels were only associated with social jetlag with OR being 1.47 (95%CI=1.21-1.79, P<0.05). Conclusion Vitamin D levels are associated with various sleep characteristics in children and adolescents, with this association being more pronounced among boys.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed databases up to August 7, 2024. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and quality assessment. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the risk of bias and applicability of included prediction model studies were assessed by the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST). Results A total of 10 studies were included, among which 5 studies only identified specific exhaled VOCs in CF patients, and another 5 developed 7 CF risk prediction models based on the identification of VOCs in CF. The included studies reported a total of 75 exhaled VOCs, most of which belonged to the categories of acylcarnitines, aldehydes, acids, and esters. Most models (n=6, 85.7%) only included exhaled VOCs as predictive factors, and only one model included factors other than VOCs, including forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF75) and modified Medical Research Council scale for the assessment of dyspnea (mMRC). The accuracy of the models ranged from 77% to 100%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.771 to 0.988. None of the included studies provided information on the calibration of the models. The results of the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) showed that the overall bias risk of all predictive model studies was high, and the overall applicability was unclear. Conclusion The exhaled VOCs reported in the included studies showed significant heterogeneity, and more research is needed to explore specific compounds for CF. In addition, risk prediction models based on exhaled VOCs have certain value in the diagnosis of CF, but the overall bias risk is relatively high and needs further optimization from aspects such as model construction and validation.

Objective Integrating ideological and political education into university curricula is an effective approach for nurturing moral integrity and holistic education. This study aims to explore the effective incorporation of the “two bombs, one satellite” spirit into the ideological and political education of the Nuclear Electronics course, find an effective way to enhance student professional literacy and ideological and political awareness, and achieve collaborative educational objectives. Methods Using the Nuclear Electronics course as a case study and aligning with the educational positioning of the university and the major, objectives were established for knowledge acquisition, skill development, and ideological and political education. A case repository of ideological and political education tailored to the course was constructed by integrating ideological and political elements such as the “two bombs, one satellite” to reinforce foundational knowledge and expand into cutting-edge topics. An instructional paradigm that combines theory with practical application and integrates online and offline resources was adopted. To stimulate student engagement of learning, improve the quality of learning, and strengthen ideological and moral education, a comprehensive assessment framework was devised. Results The effectiveness of ideological and political education was evaluated by comparing the course performance between the experimental group (with curriculum ideology and politics reform) and the control group (without curriculum ideology and politics reform). The experimental group showed 20.5% and 31.3% improvements in short-answer questions and calculation problems, respectively. A comparison of survey questionnaire scores and final grades revealed a strong correlation between student awareness of curriculum ideology and politics and their academic performance. The study demonstrated that this approach increased student interest in learning, enhanced their recognition and pride in major national scientific achievements, and achieved an organic integration of knowledge impartation and value guidance. Conclusion This study confirms the effectiveness of integrating the “two bombs, one satellite” spirit into the ideological and political education of the Nuclear Electronics course. This approach provides new ideas and methods for ideological and political education in universities, achieves the goal of collaborative education, and is of great significance in improving the quality of talent cultivation in higher education.

OBJECTIVES: Accurate identification of risk factors for precocious puberty is essential for clinical diagnosis and management, yet the performance of natural language processing methods applied to unstructured electronic medical record (EMR) data remains to be fully evaluated. This study aims to assess the performance of a prompt engineering method for extracting individual risk factors of precocious puberty from EMRs. METHODS: Based on the capacity and role-insight-statement-personality-experiment (CRISPE) prompt framework, both simple and optimized prompts were designed to guide the large language model GLM-4-9B in extracting 10 types of risk factors for precocious puberty from 653 EMRs. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were used as evaluation metrics for the information extraction task. RESULTS: Under simple and optimized prompt conditions, the overall accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of the model were 84.18%, 98.09%, 81.99%, and 89.32% versus 97.15%, 98.31%, 98.16%, and 98.23%, respectively. The optimized prompts achieved more stable performance across age (<9 years vs ≥9 years) and visit-time (<2023 vs ≥2023) subgroups compared with simple prompts. The accuracy range for extracting each risk factor was 60.03%-97.24%, while with optimized prompts, the range improved to 92.19%-99.85%. The largest performance improvement occurred for "beverage intake" (60.03% vs 92.19%), and the smallest for "maternal age of menarche" (97.24% vs 99.23%). In comparing distributions among simple prompts, optimized prompts, and ground truth, statistically significant differences were observed for snack intake, beverage intake, soy milk intake, honey intake, supplement use, tonic use, sleep quality, and sleeping with the light on (all P<0.001), while exercise (P=0.966) and maternal menarche age (P=0.952) showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Compared with simple prompts, optimized prompts substantially improved the extraction performance of individual risk factors for precocious puberty from EMRs, underscoring the critical role of prompt engineering in enhancing large language model performance.
Humans ; Puberty, Precocious/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Electronic Health Records ; Female ; Child ; Natural Language Processing

Objective:To explore the correlation between ferroptosis-related proteins SLC7A11, GPX4, ACSL4 and the radiosensitivity and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. And to investigate the potential of these proteins as molecular markers for predicting the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma （nasopharyngeal carcinoma group） and 20 cases of chronic nasopharyngiti s（control group）. The relevant clinical data were reviewed, and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were collected for study. The expressions of SLC7A11, GPX4, and ACSL4 in pathological specimens were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The expression differences of ferroptosis-related proteins between the nasopharyngeal carcinoma group and the control group were analyzed. The nasopharyngeal carcinoma group was further divided based on the protein expression levels into high and low expression subgroups for SLC7A11, GPX4, and ACSL4. Subsequently, a differential analysis of clinical data and survival analysis was conducted for each of these subgroups. Finally, logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing radiotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Results:①The differential analysis revealed that, compared to the control group, the nasopharyngeal carcinoma group exhibited significantly higher expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4, and lower expression of ACSL4 （P<0.05）. ②Notably, the proportion of patients displaying radioresistance was higher in the SLC7A11 and GPX4 high expression groups compared to their respective low expression groups （P<0.05）. However, the proportion of radioresistance in the ACSL4 high expression group was lower than that in the ACSL4 low expression group （P<0.05）. Survival analysis indicated that the 5-year overall survival rate was lower in the SLC7A11 and GPX4 high expression groups compared to their respective low expression groups（P<0.05）. However, the 5-year overall survival rate of the ACSL4 high expression group was higher than that of the ACSL4 low expression group（P<0.05）. ③logistic regression analysis showed that SLC7A11 and GPX4 was an independent risk factor for radioresistance in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues over-express SLC7A11, GPX4, and under-express ACSL4. Over-expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 are independent risk factors for radioresistance in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The inhibition of ferroptosis may be related to the occurrence, progression and radioresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Detection of the expression of SLC7A11, GPX4, and ACSL4 has guiding significance for the evaluation of radiosensitivity and prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/radiotherapy* ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Coenzyme A Ligases/metabolism* ; Radiation Tolerance ; Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase ; Amino Acid Transport System y+/metabolism* ; Prognosis ; Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-CoA Ligase ; Retrospective Studies ; Ferroptosis ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged

As the brain's resident immune cells, microglia perform crucial functions such as phagocytosis, neuronal network maintenance, and injury restoration by adopting various phenotypes. Dynamic imaging of these phenotypes is essential for accessing brain diseases and therapeutic responses. Although numerous probes are available for imaging pro-inflammatory microglia, no PET tracers have been developed specifically to visualize anti-inflammatory microglia. In this study, we present an ¹⁸F-labeled PET tracer (QTFT) that targets the P2Y₁₂, a receptor highly expressed on anti-inflammatory microglia. [¹⁸F]QTFT exhibited high binding affinity to the P2Y₁₂ (14.43 nmol/L) and superior blood-brain barrier permeability compared to other candidates. Micro-PET imaging in IL-4-induced neuroinflammation models showed higher [¹⁸F]QTFT uptake in lesions compared to the contralateral normal brain tissues. Importantly, this specific uptake could be blocked by QTFT or a P2Y₁₂ antagonist. Furthermore, [¹⁸F]QTFT visualized brain lesions in mouse models of epilepsy, glioma, and aging by targeting the aberrantly expressed P2Y₁₂ in anti-inflammatory microglia. In a pilot clinical study, [¹⁸F]QTFT successfully located epileptic foci, showing enhanced radioactive signals in a patient with epilepsy. Collectively, these studies suggest that [¹⁸F]QTFT could serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for imaging various brain disorders by targeting P2Y₁₂ overexpressed in anti-inflammatory microglia.

Ischemic stroke(IS)is a disease caused by insufficient blood and oxygen supply to cerebral vessels,with the main clinical manifestations of hemiplegia,sensory disturbance,aphasia,and ataxia.Studies have shown that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α),as the core regulatory element of oxygen homeostasis,can be rapidly activated under hypoxia/ischemia conditions,thereby playing an important role in the pathophysiology of IS.In recent years,more and more articles have shown that the active components of tradi-tional Chinese medicine,Chinese patent drugs,and compound traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions can effectively regulate the HIF-1α-related signaling pathway in the treatment of IS,but there is no systematic summary on regulation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway in the treatment of IS.Therefore,this article mainly summarizes the structure and physiological activity of HIF-1α and its mechanisms of action in IS and reviews related studies on Chinese medicine monomers and compound prescriptions in the treatment of IS in the past five years in China and globally.It is pointed out that the Chinese medicine monomers and compound prescriptions can repair brain tissue,alleviate brain tissue damage,and exert a therapeutic effect on IS by regulating the HIF-1α pathway to promote an-giogenesis,inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,promote energy metabolism,and repair blood-brain barrier damage.

Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a multifactorial，pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder.As the morbidity rate of ASD in children increases year by year，feeding and eating behaviors，as an important and common clinical problem in children with ASD，are gaining more and more attention.Many children with ASD often have food selection issues，chewing problems，food allergy and related gastrointestinal symptoms，and even serious diseases such as eating disorders，which negatively impact on their growth and development.There are many factors affecting feeding and eating behavior problems in children with ASD，such as sensory processing，ritualistic eating behavior，gastrointestinal symptoms，age，and parenting pressure.There are also a variety of interventions that can help to improve feeding and eating behavior problems in children with ASD.Strengthening the understanding of these influencing factors and intervention treatment methods is beneficial for improving the quality of life in children with ASD.

Objective: To investigate the hygienic status of the central air conditioner ventilation system in public places in urban areas of Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province, so as to provide insights into formulation of supervision and management interventions. Methods: A total of 15 public places with the central air conditioner ventilation system were randomly sampled from main urban areas in Ma'anshan City in 2022. Sampling and detection were performed following the standard GB/T 18204.5—2013 Examination methods for public places Part 5: Central air conditioning ventilation system, including total number of bacteria and total number of fungus on the inner surface of wind pipes, total number of bacteria and fungus, particulate matter (PM10) and β-hemolytic streptococci in the air supply system, and Legionella pneumophila in the cooling water, and the detection indicators were assessed following the WS 394—2012 Guideline for hygiene of the central air conditioner ventilation system in public places. The eligible rate of samples, the detection rate of L. pneumophila were analyzed. Results: A total of 368 samples were collected from 15 public places, and the qualified rate was 50.54%, no places had all eligible measurement indicators. The qualified rates of total bacteria and fungus numbers on the inner surface of wind pipes were 52.67% and 59.33%. The qualified rates of total bacterium number, total fungus number, PM10 and β-hemolytic streptococci were 12.00%, 28.00%, 90.00% and 96.00% in the air supply system. The qualified rates of samples in administrative workplaces, hotels, bathing places and malls (supermarkets) were 32.50%, 59.24%, 61.09% and 68.92%, the qualified rates of total bacteria on the inner surface of air ducts were 8.33%, 72.46%, 66.67% and 61.90%, and the qualified rates of total fungus numbers in air supply were 0, 21.70%, 33.30% and 71.40%, respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.05). A total of 18 cooling water samples were collected, and L. pneumophila was detected in three samples (16.67%). Conclusions Poor hygiene is seen in the central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places in main urban areas of Ma'anshan City. High attention needs to be paid to contamination of bacterium, fungus and L. pneumophila, and expansion of supervision coverage and improved supervision intensity are recommended.