Objective: To analyze the association between insufficient sleep and score of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide a scientific reference for targeted early intervention measures of adolescents depressive symptoms. Methods: From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 96 080 junior and senior high school students from 409 schools in 113 districts and counties in Shaanxi Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the 2023 Shaanxi Provincial Common Student Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Survey Form, and their height and weight were measured. Propensity score (PS) matched (1∶1) analysis was used to match participants with insufficient sleep to those sufficient sleep students. Through the gradual correction of the confounders, three multilevel linear models were established to analyze the association between insufficient sleep and depressive symptoms score, and subgroup analysis was conducted afterward. Results: A total of 70 135 (73.00%) students had insufficient sleep. After PS matching, 25 894 pairs were matched. Before PS matching, after adjusting for gender, educational stage, region, adolescent characteristics, boarding status, smoking, alcohol consumption, outdoor activities and body mass index grouping, linear regression analysis results showed that compared with students who got adequate sleep, students who lacked sleep had an increase of 1.39 scores ( B=1.39, 95%CI =1.28-1.51) in depressive symptoms; after PS matching, students with insufficient sleep got an increase of 1.32 scores ( B=1.32, 95%CI =1.17- 1.45 ) in depressive symptoms score compared with those who had adequate sleep (both P <0.05). Conclusions The insufficient sleep is associated with the increase of the depressive symptoms score of junior and senior high school students. It is recommended that junior and senior high school students should keep a good sleeping habit, so as to reduce the prevalence of depressive symptoms.

ObjectiveTo investigate the imaging features of calcium salt deposition and serological markers in patients with alveolar echinococcosis through a retrospective analysis， as well as independent risk factors for the degree of calcium salt deposition in lesions， and to provide a basis for assessing disease process. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the imaging and clinical data of 107 patients with alveolar echinococcosis who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from December 2023 to June 2025， and according to the volume of calcium salt deposition， they were divided into non-deposition group with 16 patients， mild deposition group with 52 patients， moderate deposition group with 16 patients， and severe deposition group with 23 patients. A one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups， and the χ² test or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The four groups were further combined into the low deposition group （no/mild deposition） and the high deposition group （moderate/severe deposition）. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent influencing factors for calcium salt deposition， and a predictive model was established. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess the predictive performance of the model， and the Bootstrap method was used for internal validation. ResultsThere were significant differences between the four groups in sex distribution， involvement of other sites， white blood cell count， lymphocyte percentage， fibrinogen， uric acid， sodium ion， chloride ion， and calcium ion （all P<0.05）. The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the four groups in sex， involvement of other sites， white blood cell count， lymphocyte percentage， fibrinogen， alanine aminotransferase， albumin， creatinine， uric acid， sodium ion， chloride ion， and calcium ion （all P<0.1）. The multi-collinearity diagnosis showed that the VIF values for all continuous variables ranged from 1.104 to 1.760， suggesting that collinearity did not affect modeling. An ordinal logistic regression model was established based on sex， involvement of other sites， calcium ion， lymphocyte percentage， and uric acid. The multivariate analysis showed that lymphocyte percentage （odds ratio ［OR］=1.106， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.041 — 1.174， P=0.001） and blood calcium level （OR=0.005， 95%CI： 0.000 —0.230， P=0.007） were independent influencing factors for the degree of calcium salt deposition. The regression equation was established as Logit（P）=8.231 + 0.100 × lymphocyte percentage -5.344 × calcium ion. The ROC curve analysis showed that the model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.716， with a Youden index of 0.353， a sensitivity of 1.000， and a specificity of 0.353. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model had poor calibration （χ²=20.688， P=0.008）. The Bootstrap method with 1000 repeated samples showed that the estimated values of lymphocyte percentage （OR=1.106， 95%CI： 1.049 — 1.186， P=0.002） and calcium ion （OR=0.005， 95%CI： 0.000 — 0.214， P=0.010） were consistent with the original model， and the confidence intervals did not include 1， which further supported the reliability of the model. ConclusionBoth lymphocyte percentage and blood calcium level are independent influencing factors for calcium salt deposition in alveolar echinococcosis， and the degree of calcium salt deposition in alveolar echinococcosis lesions increases with the reduction in blood calcium level and the increase in lymphocyte percentage.

Objective To investigate the clinical prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing partial nephrectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of RCC patients who underwent partial nephrectomy at our hospital during 2020 and 2024.The optimal cutoff value of PNI was determined based on the maximum Youden index from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.The clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) between patients with different PNI levels were compared.Cox regression analysis was used to explore the independent prognostic factors for RCC patients. Results Based on the ROC curve, the optimal cutoff value corresponding to the maximum Youden index was calculated to be 46.675, at which point the sensitivity was 65.3% and the specificity was 62.2%.Of the 815 patients included in the study, 293 (36.0%) patients had a PNI＜46.675.Cox regression analysis confirmed that preoperative PNI, tumor diameter, ISUP classification, and ECOG score were independent risk factors for postoperative OS in patients with RCC who underwent PN (P＜0.05).In addition, preoperative PNI, tumor diameter, ISUP classification and ECOG score were independent risk factors for postoperative PFS (P＜0.05).After covariates in the multivariable Cox regression model were adjusted, patients in the low PNI group demonstrated significantly shorter overall survival (HR=2.392, P＜0.001) and significantly poorer progression-free survival (HR=2.076, P＜0.001) compared to those in the high PNI group.Conclusion Preoperative PNI has significant clinical value in evaluating the prognosis of RCC patients undergoing partial nephrectomy.An elevated preoperative PNI is associated with a better prognosis.

Objective:To compare the differences in chemical compositions before and after processing by different processing methods; To optimize the processing method of Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma.Methods:Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma was processed by stir-frying with bran and treating with rice washing water. The volatile and non-volatile components of raw Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma, bran-fried Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma and rice washing water treated Atractylodes lancea Rhizome were qualitatively analyzed by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS), and the differences in chemical composition before and after processing were compared.Results:The volatile components of the three different products were determined to have 18 common components, such as agarospirol, β-eudesol, etc. In addition, 86 non-volatile components were determined. The peak area response value of atractylodin, the index component prescribed by pharmacopoeia, decreased after processing, but there was little difference in bran stir-frying and rice-washed water frying.Conclusions:Different processing methods have certain effects on the chemical composition of Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma. Among them, the bran-frying method is superior in improving the quality of preparations, reducing production costs and improving production efficiency. The bran-fried product can be used as raw material for preparation production.

Objective: To analyze the trends, gender, and age differences in the incidence of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population from 1990 to 2021 and predict future incidence trends, providing a scientific basis for disease prevention and public health policy. Methods: Incidence data of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed. The Joinpoint regression model was used to assess temporal trends, the age-period-cohort model was used to evaluate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort, and the Bayesian age-period-cohort model (BAPC) model was used to predict incidence trends from 2022 to 2044. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population increased from 2.39/100 000 to 3.76/100 000, and the crude incidence rate rose from 1.71/100 000 to 4.85/100 000. The incidence rate in males was higher and increased more rapidly than in females. Higher incidence rates were prevalent among older populations, a rapid increase in incidence rates occurred during 2003 to 2012, and earlier birth cohorts showed overall higher risks. BAPC predictions indicated a continued rise in incidence from 2022 to 2044. During this period, male incidence stabilized while female incidence increased at a relatively faster rate. Conclusion The incidence of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population has revealed a continuous upward trend, particularly among males and older populations. Future prevention strategies should focus on these high-risk populations.

[摘 要] 目的：观察白细胞介素-37（IL-37）在乳腺癌患者的表达变化对CD8+ T细胞活性的影响。方法：纳入2020年7月至2022年9月在新乡医学院第一附属医院就诊的46例乳腺癌患者、24例乳腺良性肿瘤患者、20例对照者。采集外周血，分离血浆和外周血单个核细胞（PBMC），收集接受手术治疗的乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织和癌旁组织，分离组织中肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TIL），纯化CD8+ T细胞。ELISA法检测IL-37、可溶型单免疫球蛋白IL-1受体相关蛋白（SIGIRR）表达，实时定量PCR法检测组织中IL-37 mRNA，流式细胞术检测CD8+ T细胞中IL-18受体α链（IL-18Rα）和SIGIRR表达。外源性IL-37刺激纯化的CD8+ T细胞，与乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7共培养，通过测定乳酸脱氢酶水平计算靶细胞死亡比例，ELISA法检测上清中穿孔素、颗粒酶B、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。结果：乳腺癌患者血浆IL-37水平高于乳腺良性肿瘤患者[（554.17 ± 96.63）pg/mL vs （499.52 ± 78.66）pg/mL，P = 0.020]和对照者[（483.97 ± 47.23）pg/mL，P = 0.003]。乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织中IL-37 mRNA相对表达量高于癌旁组织[（1.88 ± 0.21） vs （1.00 ± 0.53）pg/mL，P < 0.001]。外周血IL-18Rα+ CD8+细胞比例、SIGIRR+ CD8+细胞比例、血浆可溶型SIGIRR水平在乳腺癌患者、乳腺良性肿瘤患者、对照者之间的差异无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。CD8+ TIL表达IL-18Rα和SIGIRR的比例在肿瘤组织和癌旁组织之间的差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。重组人IL-37刺激后，CD8+ T细胞诱导靶细胞死亡比例、上清中IFN-γ和TNF-α水平在直接接触和间接接触共培养系统中均低于无刺激（均P < 0.05）。在直接接触共培养系统中，IL-37刺激后上清中穿孔素和颗粒酶B水平均低于无刺激（均P < 0.001），但在间接接触共培养系统中，上清中穿孔素和颗粒酶B水平在无刺激和IL-37刺激之间的差异无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。结论：乳腺癌患者中IL-37水平升高可能参与诱导外周血和肿瘤微环境中CD8+ T细胞功能衰竭。

Objective:To understand the etiological surveillance and drug resistance characteristics of Legionella pneumophila (LP) from the aqueous environment of public places in Shanghai, from 2011 to 2020, and provide evidence for surveillance of the disease. Methods:Environmental water samples were systematically collected from public venues in urban and suburban districts of Shanghai for LP surveillance. All the identified LP isolates underwent a series of testings including serotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), sequence-based typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. χ2 test or Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used for statistical analysis and for temporal resistance patterns. Results:Among 6 263 water samples, the LP-positive rate was 20.93% (1 311/6 263). The positivity rate decreased from 24.98% (287/1 149) in 2011-2012 to 20.02% (1 024/5 114) in 2013-2020 ( χ2=13.92, P<0.001), with the highest monthly positivity observed from June to August (23.79%, 745/3 132). A total of 1 365 LP strains were isolated, of which 912 were further characterized, including 10 serotypes, 149 PFGE patterns, and 33 sequence types (ST). The predominant serotype was Lp1 (86.84%, 792/912), and the dominant ST was ST752 (29.50%, 269/912). ST clustering revealed two major clonal groups CG1 and CG2, accounting for 91.12% (831/912) of the isolates. The 190 LPs involved in the drug sensitivity test showed three resistance profiles: azithromycin resistance (31.05%, 59/190), ciprofloxacin resistance (0.53%, 1/190) and azithromycin+ciprofloxacin resistance (0.53%, 1/190). Azithromycin-resistant strains were predominantly ST1 (64.41%, 38/59). The antimicrobial resistance rate showed a significant decline, from 48.65% (18/37) in 2011-2012 to 28.10% (43/153) in 2013-2020 ( χ2=9.38, P=0.002). Conclusions:Compared to from 2011 to 2012, both the positivity rate and antimicrobial resistance prevalence of LP in public aqueous environments of Shanghai exhibited an overall decline from 2013 to 2020. The predominant types of LP were serotype Lp1 and sequence type ST752, with notable high-level resistance to azithromycin. Measures as enhancing the enforcement of water safety regulations and prioritizing surveillance of azithromycin resistance in LP were recommended to mitigate public health risks.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of different endotracheal tube cuff pressure management modes on cuff sealing and the pressure exerted on the tracheal wall. METHODS: A prospective self-controlled study was conducted. Eleven patients undergoing endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation with an automatic airway management system (AGs) admitted to the Second Medical Centre of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from October 1, 2020, to April 1, 2022, were enrolled as the study subjects. Within 24 hours after the establishment of artificial airway and mechanical ventilation, four cuff pressure management modes were randomly applied to each patient for 24 hours in sequence: automatic cuff pressure management mode [modeI: the safe range of cuff pressure was set at 20-35 cmH₂O (1 cmH₂O≈0.098 kPa), and the CO₂ pressure above the endotracheal tube cuff was automatically detected by AGs every 5 minutes to determine the cuff sealing status, and the cuff pressure was automatically adjusted], constant cuff pressure (25 cmH₂O) management mode (mode II: the cuff pressure was monitored by AGs through a pressure sensor, and the cuff pressure was maintained at 25 cmH₂O via a pressure pump), constant cuff pressure (30 cmH₂O) management mode (mode III: the cuff pressure was monitored by AGs through a pressure sensor, and the cuff pressure was maintained at 30 cmH₂O via a pressure pump), and manual cuff pressure management mode (mode IV: the cuff pressure was manually measured by nurses every 6-8 hours using a cuff pressure gauge to keep the cuff pressure at 25-30 cmH₂O after inflation). The CO₂ pressure above the endotracheal tube cuff (at 60-minute intervals) and the cuff pressure changes (at 50-ms intervals) were recorded to compare the differences in number of cuff leaks [no leak was defined as CO₂ pressure = 0, small leak as 0 < CO₂ pressure < 2 mmHg (1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa), and large leak as CO₂ pressure ≥ 2 mmHg] and cuff pressure among modesI-IV. RESULTS: A total of 24 CO₂ pressure measurements were taken per patient across the four modes, resulting in a total of 264 detections for each mode. Regarding the cuff leak, the total number of leak and large leak in modeIwas significantly lower than that in modes II-IV [total leak: 30 cases (11.36%) vs. 81 cases (30.68%), 70 cases (26.52%), 103 cases (39.02%); large leak: 15 cases (5.68%) vs. 50 cases (18.94%), 48 cases (18.18%), 66 cases (25.00%), all P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the number of cuff leak between modes II and III, and mode IV had the most severe cuff leak. In terms of cuff pressure, since mode IV required blocking the cuff tube from the AGs tube and the AGs cuff pressure management module did not actually work, real-time monitoring of cuff pressure was not possible. Therefore, cuff pressure changes were only analyzed in modes I-III. Each of the 11 patients underwent 24-hour cuff pressure monitoring under modes I-III, with 19 008 000 monitoring times for each mode. The cuff pressure in mode I was between that in modes II and III [cmH₂O: 27.09 (26.10, 28.14) vs. 26.60 (25.92, 27.47), 31.01 (30.33, 31.88), both P < 0.01]. Moreover, the number of extreme values of cuff pressure > 50 cmH₂O in mode I was significantly lower than that in modes II and III [19 900 cases (0.105%) vs. 22 297 cases (0.117%), 27 618 cases (0.145%), both P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION Dynamically monitoring the CO₂ pressure above the cuff to guide the adjustment of endotracheal tube cuff pressure can achieve better cuff sealing with a relatively lower cuff pressure load.
Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation* ; Pressure ; Prospective Studies ; Respiration, Artificial ; Male ; Airway Management/methods* ; Female ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Bai Ling Long Zao An Shen formula(BLLZ)in sleep improvement in an environmental stress-induced insomnia rat model and explore its underlying mechanisms.METHODS(1)Component analysis:the chemical constituents of the BLLZ extract were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS).(2)Eval-uation of the sedative and hypnotic effect:① Mice:50 ICR mice were randomly divided into normal control group,BLLZ-L group(5,10 and 20 g·kg-1)and diazepam group(DZP,3 mg·kg-1).After five days of intragastric administration,pentobarbital sodium-induced righting reflex and locomotor activity tests were performed.② Rats:8 SD rats were implanted with electrodes and allowed to recover for seven days before baseline EEG data was collected over 24 h.A crossover design(7 d washout period)was employed,with rats randomly assigned to the DZP(3 mg·kg-1)and BLLZ(20 g·kg-1)group.After five days of treatment,24 h EEG recordings were obtained.(3)Insomnia model and interventions:①8 SD rats were allowed to recover for seven days post-surgery,followed by 6 h(14:00-20:00)baseline EEG recording.A 3×3 crossover design was used to assign rats to model(environmental stress-induced insomnia),model+DZP,or model+BLLZ groups.After five days of treatment,insomnia was induced by frequent cage changes(14:00,16:00 and 18:00),and EEG changes were monitored.(4)Mechanistic study:32 SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group,model group,and model+DZP group.After five days of treatment,hypothalamic tissues were collected for biochemi-cal analysis.γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),glutamate(Glu),and dopamine(DA)levels were measured using biochemical kits while γ aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1(GABAA1),core clock proteins period circadian regulator 2(PER2)and circadian locomotor output cycles(CLOCK)protein expressions were assessed by Western blotting.RESULTS(1)Compared with the normal control group,the sleep latency of BLLZ 10 and 20 g·kg-1 and DZP groups was significantly shortened,and the locomotor activity of BLLZ 20 g·kg-1 and DZP groups was significantly reduced;BLLZ 20 g·kg-1 signifi-cantly increased the total sleep time,slow-wave sleep time,and average duration of sleep in normal rats,and significantly reduced the wakefulness time.(2)The total sleep time and slow-wave sleep time of the model group significantly decreased and the wakefulness time significantly increased compared with baseline.(3)Compared with the model group,the total sleep time and slow-wave sleep time of the model+BLLZ group and the model+DZP group were significantly increased,and the wakefulness time significantly shortened.(4)Compared with the normal control group,the Glu/GABA ratio,DA content and CLOCK protein expression were significantly increased and GABAA1 and PER2 protein expres-sion were significantly decreased in the model group;compared with the model group,the Glu/GABA ratio,DA content and CLOCK protein expression were significantly decreased,and the expression of GABAA1 and PER2 were significantly increased in the model+BLLLZ group and the model+DZP group.CONCLUSION BLLZ has sedative and hypnotic effects.It can prolong the total slow-wave sleep time by increasing the average duration of slow-wave sleep episodes,thereby increasing the total sleep time and improving environmental stress-induced insomnia.The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of the Glu/GABA ratio and DA levels as well as the enhancement of GABAA1 expressions and the regulation of hypothalamic core clock protein expressions.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a group of autoimmune bullous diseases characterized by life-threatening intradermal blisters. Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a kind of autoimmune disease with abnormal increase of thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb), which is the thyroid specific antibody, leading to hypothyroidism. In recent years, the probability of HT in patients with PV is increasing, and the co-disease may be related to the effect of TPOAb autoantibody on oral keratinocytes. This article reviews the epidemiological relationship between PV and HT and the mechanism of TPOAb in their co-disease, in order to provide ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of both.