Objective: To investigate the prevalence and correlates of five somatic symptoms among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide a reference for the prevention of these symptoms in the population. Methods: From September to November 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 163 802 junior and senior high school students from 158 counties/districts in Henan Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Student Health Status and Influencing Factors Survey (Secondary School Version) and the Special Survey on Influencing Factors of Key Common Diseases. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with each of the five somatic symptoms. Results: The reported prevalence of fever, cough, sore throat, diarrhea, and vomiting were 7.93%, 23.56%, 13.67%, 18.03%, and 3.17%, respectively. Girls reported (8.20%, 25.26%, 16.54%, 19.14%, 3.68%) higher rates than boys (7.67%, 21.97%, 11.00%, 16.99%, 2.69%) ( χ 2= 16.01, 245.78, 1 063.22, 128.89, 129.48, all P <0.01). Boarding students (8.95%, 25.79%, 15.77%, 20.77%, 3.45%) also had higher rates than nonboarding students (6.63%, 20.75%, 11.02%, 14.56%, 2.80%)( χ 2=298.37, 569.43, 772.23, 1 055.42 , 55.82, all P <0.01). Students from nonintact families reported higher rates (8.87%, 24.89%, 14.57%, 19.20%, 3.60% ) than those from intact families (7.58%, 23.07%, 13.34%, 17.60%, 3.01%) ( χ 2=72.48, 58.98, 41.61, 55.40, 36.00, all P <0.01). After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, multivariate Logistic regression showed that unhealthy dietary habits, daily homework or tutoring duration≥2 hours, daily screen time ≥2 hours, lack of parental encouragement for exercise, exposure to tobacco/alcohol, and substance abuse were associated with increased risk of reporting the five somatic symptoms ( OR =1.27- 1.63 , 1.21-1.27, 1.28-1.40, 1.07-1.13, 1.77-2.08, 1.76-2.17, all P <0.05). Conversely, handwashing habits, twice daily tooth brushing, daily breakfast consumption, engaging in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, spending outdoor time during breaks, and adequate sleep were associated with lower risk ( OR =0.82-0.90, 0.85 -0.92, 0.44- 0.76 , 0.83-0.93, 0.69-0.75, 0.65-0.78, all P <0.05). Conclusions Disparities exist in the prevalence of fever, cough, sore throat, diarrhea, and vomiting among secondary school students in Henan Province. The risk of experiencing these five somatic symptoms is closely linked to daily health behaviors. Comprehensive intervention strategies and scientific measures should be implemented to prevent somatic symptoms in junior and senior high school students.

BACKGROUND: Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is one of the main activators of heart failure. Currently, no drug can completely reverse or inhibit the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. To this end, we proposed a silicate ion therapy based on extract derived from calcium silicate (CS) bioceramics for the treatment of angiotensin II (Ang II) induced cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS: In this study, the Ang II induced cardiac hypertrophy mouse model was established, and the silicate ion extract was injected to mice intravenously. The cardiac function was evaluated by using a high-resolution Vevo 3100 small animal ultrasound imaging system. Wheat germ Agglutinin, Fluo4-AM staining and immunofluorescent staining was conducted to assess the cardiac hypertrophy, intracellular calcium and angiogenesis of heart tissue, respectively. RESULTS: The in vitro results showed that silicate ions could inhibit the cell size of cardiomyocytes, reduce cardiac hypertrophic gene expression, including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and b-myosin heavy chain (b-MHC), decrease the content of intracellular calcium induced by Ang II. In vivo experiments in mice confirmed that intravenous injection of silicate ions could remarkably inhibit the cardiac hypertrophy and promote the formation of capillaries, further alleviating Ang II-induced cardiac function disorder. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the released silicate ions from CS possessed potential value as a novel therapeutic strategy of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, which provided a new insight for clinical trials.

Objective:To investigate the effects of atorvastatin combined with alendronate in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with osteoporosis (OP) on bone metabolism, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) , interleukin 6 (IL-6) , and 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25- (OH) D] level.Methods:A total of 152 patients with T2DM and OP who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from Jul. 2017 to Jul. 2020 were selected. According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into control group (73 cases with alendronate treatment) and study group (79 cases receiving atova Statins combined with alendronate sodium treatment) . The two groups were compared in terms of bone metabolism indexes, bone mineral density, changes in serum TNF-α, IL-6, 25- (OH) D levels, and adverse reactions before and after treatment.Results:After treatment, osteocalcin (BGP) , bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) , lumbar spine L1-4 bone mineral density, femoral neck bone mineral density, and 25- (OH) D of the two groups increased ( P< 0.001) , and the study group was significantly higher than the control group (BGP: 7.68±0.89 vs 6.88±0.93; BAP: 18.62±3.97 vs 16.82±3.24; lumbar spine L1-4: 0.95±0.08 vs 0.92±0.05; femoral neck: 0.79±0.07 vs 0.75±0.06; 25- (OH) D: 31.35±10.1 vs 26.54±7.14; all P<0.05) . After treatment, the serum type I collagen C-terminal peptide (s-CTX) , human tartrate acid phosphatase (TRAP-5b) , TNF-α, IL-6 were decreased for both groups ( P<0.001) , and they were significantly lower in the study group than those in the control group (s-CTX:0.37±0.12 vs 0.55±0.12; TRAP-5b: 2.43±0.66 vs 2.99±0.75; TNF-α: 9.93±1.91 vs 11.77±2.69; IL-6: 10.65±1.26 vs 12.91±1.21; all P<0.001) . The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (16.46% vs 39.73%, P=0.001) . Conclusion:Atorvastatin combined with alendronate in the treatment of T2DM patients with OP can effectively increase 25- (OH) D levels, reduce inflammation, and promote bone metabolism and bone density.

0bjective: To explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy of cervical vertebral dome expansion laminoplasty.. Methods: Our hospital from February 2017 to 2018 Sep 16 cases with cervical spinal canal dome of cervical spinal stenosis angioplasty in treatment of cervical spinal cord due to the medical records of patients, including 14 males and 2 females; Aged 49- 76 years old, average age 57.3±1.7 years old. The course of disease was 7-48 months, with an average disease duration 17.75±1.90 months. Of the 16 patients, 5 had multi-segment cervical disc herniation and 11 had long segmental ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. All the 16 patients underwent cervical C_3-7 dome-type spinal canal enlargement; the position, stability and spinal cord compression of the internal fixation were evaluated according to the patient's imaging data (X-ray, CT and MRI). The neck and upper extremity pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after operation. The cervical spinal cord function was evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) spinal cord function score, and the rate of improvement of neurological function was calculated. The Frankel grading was used to evaluate the neurological function of patients before and after surgery. Results: Cervical X-ray, CT and MRI were performed in all patients before and after surgery. Operation time 55-110 min, mean 65±12 min, bleeding 100-220 ml, mean 110±20 ml. The cross-sectional area of the spinal canal and the median sagittal diameter of the spinal canal were significantly increased compared with the preoperative. All patients were followed up for an average of 10.9±1.4 months (3-20 months). Imaging examination showed that 16 patients had no loosening and fracture after internal fixation, and no re-closure occurred. MRI T2WI images showed continuous recovery of cerebrospinal fluid signal in the spinal cord of C_3-7 range. The preoperative VAS score was 7.3±0.9 points, the average VAS score at the last follow-up was 1.6±0.4 points, the preoperative JOA score was 6.9±1.1 points, and the last follow-up JOA score was 13.4±1.3 points. The improvement rate was 87.23%±3.81%; Frankel grade D before surgery, and Frankel grade E after surgery. Conclusion Cervical spinal canal domed simple angioplasty operation, spinal canal full, satisfactory clinical efficacy, and can effectively reduce the incidence of related complications, it is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of cervical spinal stenosis.

Objective To examine the effect of a Caregiving Self-Management Support (C-SMS) Program on self-efficacy, social support for family caregivers of people with dementia and psychological symptom of patients. Methods Using the convenient sampling method, 41 caregivers of dementia patients were selected as the study objects from September 2016 to September 2017 in the Memory Disorders Outpatient Department of two ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Shanghai. They were divided into the experimental group(n=26) and control group(n=15) according to their willingness. Totally 4 participants in each of the two groups dropped out of the study in the middle. In the experimental group, a total of 6 times, once in 2 weeks social support group activities were carried out; in the control group, a total of 3 telephone instruction, once a month was carried out, all participants were distributed with the Caregiver Educational Booklet prepared by the research team and participated 3 education seminars during the follow-up visit. Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Chinese Family Caregivers(SEQCFC) and Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey(MOS-SSS) and Revised Memory and Behaviour Problems Checklist(RMBPC) were used to compare the effect of intervention. Results The time effect of the total score of SEQCFC was significant (P＜ 0.01). There was a statistically significance in the interaction on social support score between groups and time (P＜ 0.05). After intervention and follow-up, the self-efficacy scores of family caregivers in the experimental group were higher than the baseline (P＜0.05). There were significant time effect in the total score of behavioral and psychological symptom behavioral symptoms, memory and depression related problems (P＜0.05). The total score of behavioral and psychological symptom, score of the disruptive behaviour dimension after follow-up visit, scores of the depression dimension after intervention and follow-up visit in the experimental group were all lower than the baseline (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions The self-management support project of caregivers can improve the self-efficacy of family caregivers and alleviate the behavioral and psychological symptom of dementia patients.

Dementia care is a chronic stressor severely influencing on physical and mental health and social life of family caregivers.In the research field of dementia care,the studies are inadequate regarding to the influence of caregiving stress on physical and mental health,especially on the risk of suffering from common chronic disease of family caregivers.So far,the studies are mainly based on hypotheses associated with chronic stress-induced three perspectives,i.e.,excessive activation of sympathetic nervous system,endothelial injury,and excessive activation of pro-inflammatory and procoagulant factors.This paper summarizes the research progress from these three perspectives.

Objective To explore the effect of nucleos(t)ide analog (NA)antiviral treatment on the pathological differentiation of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)and the prognostic factors of HCC.Methods Totally 127 patients with HBV-related HCC who were hospitalized and received partial hepatectomy in First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from March 2007 to November 2013 were included in this study.Sixteen cases received antiviral treatment before operation and the remaining 111 cases had no history of NA treatment.The differences of histopathological grading were compared between the two groups.Twenty-nine patients received antiviral treatment for the first time after surgery,and the rest 82 patients did not.All these patients were followed up for survival and recurrence.Multivariate analysis was used to explore the prognostic factors for HCC.The categorical variables were analyzed byχ2 test or Fisher exact test.Survival rate was compared with Log-rank test. Univariate or multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to explore the related factors of survival. Results The proportions of well-,moderately- or poorly-differentiated HCC in patients with antiviral treatment before surgery were 18.75 %,68.75 % and 12.5 %,respectively.Whereas the proportions in those without treatment were 16.22%,66.67% and 17.11 %,respectively.There was no significant difference in histopathological grading of HCC between the two groups (χ2=0.224,P =0.885 ).The overall median survival time was 39 months.The 6-month,1-and 2-year survival rates were 91 .7%, 77.5 % and 59.3%,respectively.The 6-month,1- and 2-year survival rate of postoperative antiviral treatment were 96.3%,92.4% and 78.5 %,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of no antiviral treatment group (85 .9%,70.0% and 48.5 %,respectively;χ2= 6.967,P = 0.008 ). Univariate analysis showed that tumor number,size,portal vein transfer,AFP level,postoperative antiviral treatment,histopathological grading,TNM staging,BCLC staging,γ-GT and PTA were prognostic factors for postoperative HCC survival.Multivariate analysis showed that AFP level (HR=1 , 95 %CI :1 .0004—1 .002,P =0.004),postoperative antiviral treatment (HR =0.38,95 %CI :0.38—0.15 ,P =0.04)and BCLC stage (B vs A:HR=1 .55 ,95 %CI :0.76—3.18;C vs A:HR=3.63,95 %CI :1 .31 —10.09,P =0.04)were independent prognostic factors.Conclusions Preoperative antiviral treatment has no impact on the histopathological grading of HCC. BCLC stage, AFP level and postoperative antiviral treatment are independent prognostic factors for HBV-related HCC.

Objective To investigate the effect of placing subcutaneous drain tube and preseting triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 suture with delayed suturing to incision infection after typeⅢabdominal surgery. Methords Dividing 504 patients with typeⅢincisions undergone abdominal surgery into 3 groups. The number of group A patients with thoroughly incision washing and primary triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 suture after abdominal surgery was 143. The number of group B with closed anterior rectus sheath, opened skin and subcutaneous fat with preseted triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 suture was 190. The number of group C with subcutaneous drain tube after abdominal surgery was 171. We compared the incidence rates of incision infection and the second phase debridement suture rates among the 3 groups. Results For the group A, B, C, the number of incision infection people was 11, 4, 3 and the incision infection rate was 7.69%, 2.11%and 1.75%respectively. The difference of the 3 groups incision infection rate were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incision infection rate of the group B and group C were lower than that of group A and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.016 7). There were no significant differences in second phase debridement suture rates among the 3 groups. Conclusion Preseting triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 suture with delayed incision sutue and placing subcutaneous drain tube can decrease the incision infection rates for type Ⅲpatients after abdominal surgery, but can not decrease the second phase debridement suture rates of the infectious incision.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of chloroprocaine on KCNQ2/Q3 channel currents in HEK2936 cells.Methods Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells served as an expression system.KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 cDNAs and green fluorescent protein were transfected into HEK293 cells by using lipofectamine.The KCNQ2/Q3 currents were recorded by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique.Part Ⅰ The transfected HEK293 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =11 each):control group,and 1,10 and 100 mmol/L chloroprocaine groups.The KCNQ2/Q3 channel currents produced by different concentrations of chloroprocaine were recorded under different holding potentials (-40,0 and 40 mV) and the action time was 1 min.Part Ⅱ The transfected HEK293 cells were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =5 each):control group and 10 mmol/L chloroprocaine.The KCNQ2/Q3 channel currents were recorded under different holding potentials (-80-30 mV)and the action time was 1 min.Different test potentials were normalized and fitted to Boltzmann function,and KCNQ2/Q3 channel Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve was then obtained.The activation and deactivation currents were both fitted to a single exponential function and the time constants for current activation and for current deactivation were calculated.Results Part Ⅰ When the holding potential was 40,0 and-40 mV,the suppression rate of KCNQ2/Q3 channel currents in HEK293 cells was higher in 1,10 and 100 mmol/L chloroprocaine groups than in control group (P ＜0.05 or 0.01).Part Ⅱ Compared with control group,the time constant for the current activation at 0 mV of holding potential was prolonged,the time constant for the current deactivation was shortened when the holding potential was-80 mV,and the half-activation voltage of KCNQ2/Q3 channels was increased,the activation curve shifted to the depolarized potentials,and KCNQ2/Q3 channel Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve slope was decreased in 10 mmol/L chloroprocaine group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Chloroprocaine concentration-dependently suppresses KCNQ2/Q3 channel currents in HEK2936 cells.The KCNQ2/Q3 channel is closed in advance due to KCNQ2/Q3 channel opening delay induced by chloroprocaine thus decreasing the activity of KCNQ2/Q3 channels.

Objective To investigate the effect of KCNQ2/3 channel opener retigabine on the median effective dose (ED50) of bupivacaine and chloroprocaine for induction of convulsion in mice and the relationship between KCNQ2/3 channels and the neurotoxicity of local anesthetics.Methods Pathogen-free female Kunming mice,weighing 20-30 g,were used in the study.The experiment was performed in two parts.Part Ⅰ Sixty mice were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each):control group (group C) and retigabine group (group R).The C and R groups were further divided into 3 subgroups with different doses of chlorprocaine (C + L1,C + L2 and C+ L3 groups,and R+ L1,R+ L2 and R+ L3 groups,n =10 each).In groups C and R,0.9％ normal saline 0.005 ml/g and retigabine 20 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally,respectively,and chlorprocaine was injected intraperitoneally 20 min later.The doses of chlorprocaine were 150.0,172.5 and 198.4 mg/kg in C + L1,C + L2 and C + L3 groups,respectively,and 198.4,228.2 and 262.4 mg/kg in R+ L1,R+ 12 and R+ L3 groups,respectively.Part Ⅱ Eighty mice were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =40 each):control group (group C) and retigabine group (group R).The C and R groups were further divided into 4 subgroups with different doses of bupivacaine (C + B1,C + B2,C + B3 and C + B4 groups,and R + B1,R + B2,R + B3 and R + B4 groups,n =10 each).In groups C and R,0.9％ normal saline 0.005 ml/g and retigabine 20 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally,respectively,and bupivacaine was injected intraperitoneally 20 min later.The doses of bupivacaine were 37.8,43.5,50.0 and 57.5 mg/kg in C + B1,C + B2,C + B3 and C + B4 groups,respectively,and 50.0,57.5,66.1 and 76.0 mg/kg in R + B1,R + B2,R + B3 and R + B4 groups,respectively.The ED50 and 95％ confidence interval (CI) of bupivacaine and chloroprocaine for induction of convulsion were calculated by Probit analysis.Results The ED50(95％ CI) of chloroprocaine was 165.3 (155.8-175.0) mg/kg,and the ED50(95％CI) of bupivacaine was 41.1 (36.7-44.5) mg/kg in C group.The ED50 (95％ CI) of chloroprocaine was 212.4 (200.2-224.3) mg/kg,and the ED5o (95％ CI)of bupivacaine was 51.5 (945.1-56.0)mg/kg in R group.Compared with group C,the ED50 of bupivacaine and chloroprocaine for induction of convulsion was significantly increased in group R (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion KCNQ2/3 channel opener retigabine can significantly increase the ED50 of bupivacaine and chloroprocaine for induction of convulsion and reduce convulsion induced by bupivacaine and chloroprocaine in mice,indicating that the neurotoxicity of local anesthetics is related to inhibition of KCNQ2/3 channels.