Based on CT scan data,a bionic model of lumbar spine injuries with high biofidelity is developed and validated through cadaver experiments.Decoupling the constraint system that affects occupants during collisions due to inertial forces and the subsequent pressure exerted by the seat upon returning to position,a simulated fall experiment is designed.The simulated outcomes are trained and predicted using deep learning algorithms,and the accuracy of the trained neural network prediction model is verified.Key parameters are analyzed for correlation using principal component analysis and cross-reverse methods.The results shows that the predicted lumbar spine injury model obtained from training has high reliability(R2>0.9).Comprehensive analysis reveals that after experiencing axial impact,the L4 vertebral body bears the highest impact load and can be used as a representative measure of lumbar spine injury.Among the environmental variables,the axial force on the L4 lumbar spine is mainly affected by torso mass and fall height,both of which have positive correlations.Torso mass,fall height,and posture angle all have positive effects on internal energy.Conversely,torso mass and fall height have negative correlations with stress.These research findings provide a scientific basis for further elucidating lumbar spine injury mechanisms in intelligent cockpit environments,devising corresponding safety protection measures,and evaluating occupant safety in automobiles.

Objective To investigate the risk of thoracoabdominal injuries in six-year-old child occupants in a reclined seating posture during frontal collisions,and provide a reference for developing child restraint systems(CRS).Methods Three validated biomechanical models of six-year-old child occupants in different seating postures with detailed anatomical structures were used.The acceleration curve from a sport utility vehicle crash test was applied to analyze the effects of seating posture on thoracic motion trajectory,chest acceleration,thoracoabdominal compression,viscous criterion(VC)of the chest and abdomen,internal organ strain,and spinal stress.Results Thoracic motion trajectories varied in the Z-direction under three seating postures.As the upper torso angle increased,thoracoabdominal kinematic injury parameters showed an upward trend.The thoracic and abdominal VC under 120° and 135° posture increased by 67％and 113％,10.7％and 25％compared with that under 105° standard sitting posture.The risk of thoracic internal organ injury was inversely related to the seating angle,while the risk of abdominal internal organ injury was positively related to the seating angle.The primary spinal injury mechanism was compression-flexion.Conclusions CRS protection evaluation should comprehensively consider thoracoabdominal kinematic parameters,internal organ biomechanics,and spinal injury risk.These findings have important implications for CRS development in intelligent driving systems and occupant protection strategy formulation.

Objective To investigate the risk of thoracoabdominal injuries in six-year-old child occupants in a reclined seating posture during frontal collisions,and provide a reference for developing child restraint systems(CRS).Methods Three validated biomechanical models of six-year-old child occupants in different seating postures with detailed anatomical structures were used.The acceleration curve from a sport utility vehicle crash test was applied to analyze the effects of seating posture on thoracic motion trajectory,chest acceleration,thoracoabdominal compression,viscous criterion(VC)of the chest and abdomen,internal organ strain,and spinal stress.Results Thoracic motion trajectories varied in the Z-direction under three seating postures.As the upper torso angle increased,thoracoabdominal kinematic injury parameters showed an upward trend.The thoracic and abdominal VC under 120° and 135° posture increased by 67％and 113％,10.7％and 25％compared with that under 105° standard sitting posture.The risk of thoracic internal organ injury was inversely related to the seating angle,while the risk of abdominal internal organ injury was positively related to the seating angle.The primary spinal injury mechanism was compression-flexion.Conclusions CRS protection evaluation should comprehensively consider thoracoabdominal kinematic parameters,internal organ biomechanics,and spinal injury risk.These findings have important implications for CRS development in intelligent driving systems and occupant protection strategy formulation.

Based on CT scan data,a bionic model of lumbar spine injuries with high biofidelity is developed and validated through cadaver experiments.Decoupling the constraint system that affects occupants during collisions due to inertial forces and the subsequent pressure exerted by the seat upon returning to position,a simulated fall experiment is designed.The simulated outcomes are trained and predicted using deep learning algorithms,and the accuracy of the trained neural network prediction model is verified.Key parameters are analyzed for correlation using principal component analysis and cross-reverse methods.The results shows that the predicted lumbar spine injury model obtained from training has high reliability(R2>0.9).Comprehensive analysis reveals that after experiencing axial impact,the L4 vertebral body bears the highest impact load and can be used as a representative measure of lumbar spine injury.Among the environmental variables,the axial force on the L4 lumbar spine is mainly affected by torso mass and fall height,both of which have positive correlations.Torso mass,fall height,and posture angle all have positive effects on internal energy.Conversely,torso mass and fall height have negative correlations with stress.These research findings provide a scientific basis for further elucidating lumbar spine injury mechanisms in intelligent cockpit environments,devising corresponding safety protection measures,and evaluating occupant safety in automobiles.

Injury biomechanics is an interdisciplinary field that studies the biomechanical responses and injury mechanisms of the human body under external loads.The goal is to provide scientific foundations for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of human injuries.This field is widely applied in clinical medicine,sports science,rehabilitation engineering,traffic safety,aerospace,and other domains.In this review,the research progress in injury biomechanics in the year 2023 is summarized,focusing on in-depth analysis of injury mechanisms,innovations in injury prediction and protective countermeasure,and the latest applications of injury diagnosis and rehabilitation technologies.By systematically reviewing the research advancements,this review aims to offer new directions and ideas to the continued development of injury biomechanics and promote interdisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation.

Injury biomechanics is an interdisciplinary field that studies the biomechanical responses and injury mechanisms of the human body under external loads.The goal is to provide scientific foundations for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of human injuries.This field is widely applied in clinical medicine,sports science,rehabilitation engineering,traffic safety,aerospace,and other domains.In this review,the research progress in injury biomechanics in the year 2023 is summarized,focusing on in-depth analysis of injury mechanisms,innovations in injury prediction and protective countermeasure,and the latest applications of injury diagnosis and rehabilitation technologies.By systematically reviewing the research advancements,this review aims to offer new directions and ideas to the continued development of injury biomechanics and promote interdisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation.

Background: Central mediated abdominal pain syndrome (CAPS) related functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is a commonly seen disease. Although the efficacy of antidepressants in treatment of CAPS has been reported, yet there is still lack of typical representative drugs and sufficient clinical data. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of duloxetine in CAPS. Methods: A total of 143 patients with CAPS from Jan. 2017 to Dec. 2019 at Qingdao Municipal Hospital were enrolled and randomly divided into duloxetine group and placebo group. Brief pain inventory (BPI) was used to evaluate the efficacy. Results: Compared with placebo group, duloxetine significantly improved the average pain, the most painful in the past 24 hours, as well as the minimum pain and present pain in the patients with CAPS, and the impact on daily life, emotion, interest in life, walking ability, sleep, interpersonal relationship, working was significantly improved in duloxetine group. 6.8% of patients in duloxetine group had treatment-induced adverse events, including nausea, dry mouth, constipation, and headache. Conclusions: Duloxetine can improve CAPS, and the safety in use is well.

Objective: To analyze the status of domestic surgical treatment of synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer in China. Methods: Clinicopathological data of patients who underwent surgery from October 2003 to October 2018 in 16 domestic medical centers was retrospectively analyzed. Excel database was created which covered 77 fields of 7 parts: baseline information of patients, laboratory tests, imaging tests, chemoradiotherapy information, intra-operative findings, postoperative pathology and follow-up data. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of the measurement data between groups. The χ² test was used for comparison of the categorical data between groups. The survival curve was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of the 1 003 patients, there were 575 male and 428 female patients with the age of (58.5±14.1) years (range: 18 to 92 years). In a total of 920 patients, the carcinoma of sigmoid colon was performed in 292 cases (31.8%) with the highest ratio. The proportion of patients with liver metastasis and lung metastasis were 27.9% (219/784) and 8.3% (64/769). Preoperative detection of carcino-embryonic antigen level was the most common method in China (87.74%, 880/1 003), and the positive rate was 64.5% (568/880). The correct rate of preoperative imaging tests was 40.7% (280/688). The ratio of peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) scores between 0 and 10 was the highest (59.6%, 170/285). Two hundred and sixty-two (27.0%) patients were performed by totally laparoscopic operation in 971 patients. The resection of primary tumor was performed in 588 of the 817 patients (72.0%). In a total of 457 cases, 253 (55.4%) patients were performed cytoreduction which group scored completeness of cytoreduction (CCR) 0. The postoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was implemented in 70 of the 334 cases (21.0%). Among 1 003 cases, 562 cases (56.03%) had complete follow-up data and the median overall survival was 15 months. The primary tumor resection and the CCR scores were affected by the PCI scores. The patients underwent primary tumor resection (187/205 vs. 26/80, χ²=105.085, P=0.000) and the patients were performed cytoreduction which scored CCR 0 or CCR 1 (162/204 vs. 8/78, Z=-10.465, P=0.000) had significant difference between the groups of PCI<20 and ≥20. There was a close correlation between the surgical method and the CCR scores (Z=-3.246,P=0.001).When the maximum degree of tumor reduction was planned, most surgeons would choose laparotomy. The overall survival time was longer in patients with primary tumor resection (P=0.000). The median survival time was 18.6 months in the group of primary tumor resection. Conclusions It is difficult to diagnose the synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer before the operation. Primary tumor resection has an obvious effect to prolong the survival time. It is necessary to standardize the treatment of peritoneal metastasis.

Objective To analyze the status of domestic surgical treatment of synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer in China. Methods Clinicopathological data of patients who underwent surgery from October 2003 to October 2018 in 16 domestic medical centers was retrospectively analyzed. Excel database was created which covered 77 fields of 7 parts: baseline information of patients, laboratory tests, imaging tests, chemoradiotherapy information, intra?operative findings, postoperative pathology and follow?up data. The Wilcoxon rank?sum test was used for comparison of the measurement data between groups. The χ2 test was used for comparison of the categorical data between groups. The survival curve was calculated by the Kaplan?Meier method. Results Of the 1 003 patients, there were 575 male and 428 female patients with the age of (58.5±14.1) years (range: 18 to 92 years). In a total of 920 patients, the carcinoma of sigmoid colon was performed in 292 cases (31.8%) with the highest ratio. The proportion of patients with liver metastasis and lung metastasis were 27.9% (219/784) and 8.3% (64/769). Preoperative detection of carcino?embryonic antigen level was the most common method in China (87.74%, 880/1 003), and the positive rate was 64.5% (568/880). The correct rate of preoperative imaging tests was 40.7% (280/688). The ratio of peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) scores between 0 and 10 was the highest (59.6%, 170/285). Two hundred and sixty?two (27.0%) patients were performed by totally laparoscopic operation in 971 patients. The resection of primary tumor was performed in 588 of the 817 patients (72.0%). In a total of 457 cases, 253 (55.4%) patients were performed cytoreduction which group scored completeness of cytoreduction (CCR) 0. The postoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was implemented in 70 of the 334 cases (21.0%). Among 1 003 cases, 562 cases (56.03%) had complete follow?up data and the median overall survival was 15 months. The primary tumor resection and the CCR scores were affected by the PCI scores. The patients underwent primary tumor resection (187/205 vs. 26/80, χ2=105.085, P=0.000) and the patients were performed cytoreduction which scored CCR 0 or CCR 1 (162/204 vs . 8/78, Z=-10.465, P=0.000) had significant difference between the groups of PCI<20 and≥20. There was a close correlation between the surgical method and the CCR scores (Z=-3.246,P=0.001).When the maximum degree of tumor reduction was planned, most surgeons would choose laparotomy. The overall survival time was longer in patients with primary tumor resection (P=0.000). The median survival time was 18.6 months in the group of primary tumor resection. Conclusions It is difficult to diagnose the synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer before the operation. Primary tumor resection has an obvious effect to prolong the survival time.It is necessary to standardize the treatment of peritoneal metastasis.

Objective To analyze the status of domestic surgical treatment of synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer in China. Methods Clinicopathological data of patients who underwent surgery from October 2003 to October 2018 in 16 domestic medical centers was retrospectively analyzed. Excel database was created which covered 77 fields of 7 parts: baseline information of patients, laboratory tests, imaging tests, chemoradiotherapy information, intra?operative findings, postoperative pathology and follow?up data. The Wilcoxon rank?sum test was used for comparison of the measurement data between groups. The χ2 test was used for comparison of the categorical data between groups. The survival curve was calculated by the Kaplan?Meier method. Results Of the 1 003 patients, there were 575 male and 428 female patients with the age of (58.5±14.1) years (range: 18 to 92 years). In a total of 920 patients, the carcinoma of sigmoid colon was performed in 292 cases (31.8%) with the highest ratio. The proportion of patients with liver metastasis and lung metastasis were 27.9% (219/784) and 8.3% (64/769). Preoperative detection of carcino?embryonic antigen level was the most common method in China (87.74%, 880/1 003), and the positive rate was 64.5% (568/880). The correct rate of preoperative imaging tests was 40.7% (280/688). The ratio of peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) scores between 0 and 10 was the highest (59.6%, 170/285). Two hundred and sixty?two (27.0%) patients were performed by totally laparoscopic operation in 971 patients. The resection of primary tumor was performed in 588 of the 817 patients (72.0%). In a total of 457 cases, 253 (55.4%) patients were performed cytoreduction which group scored completeness of cytoreduction (CCR) 0. The postoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was implemented in 70 of the 334 cases (21.0%). Among 1 003 cases, 562 cases (56.03%) had complete follow?up data and the median overall survival was 15 months. The primary tumor resection and the CCR scores were affected by the PCI scores. The patients underwent primary tumor resection (187/205 vs. 26/80, χ2=105.085, P=0.000) and the patients were performed cytoreduction which scored CCR 0 or CCR 1 (162/204 vs . 8/78, Z=-10.465, P=0.000) had significant difference between the groups of PCI<20 and≥20. There was a close correlation between the surgical method and the CCR scores (Z=-3.246,P=0.001).When the maximum degree of tumor reduction was planned, most surgeons would choose laparotomy. The overall survival time was longer in patients with primary tumor resection (P=0.000). The median survival time was 18.6 months in the group of primary tumor resection. Conclusions It is difficult to diagnose the synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer before the operation. Primary tumor resection has an obvious effect to prolong the survival time.It is necessary to standardize the treatment of peritoneal metastasis.