Objective To investigate the effect of adenotonsillectomy on immune function and sleep structure in children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods A total of 94 children with OSAHS treated at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from November 2020 to June 2022 were selected as the observation group,and another 80 healthy children who underwent physical examinations at the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.Children in the observation group underwent bilateral tonsillectomy combined with endoscopic adenoidectomy.Changes in the sleep structure of children in the observation group were detected before surgery and at discharge by using a multi-channel sleep monitoring system.Venous blood samples were collected from children in the observation group before surgery,one month after surgery,and six months after surgery,while venous blood samples of children in the control group were collected on the day of physical examination.The serum levels of IgA,IgG and IgM were measured by using immunoturbidimetry,the percentages of CD3+,CD4+and CD8+in the plasma were measured by using flow cytometry,and the CD4+/CD8+ratio was calculated.Results Compared with before surgery,the proportion of non-rapid eye movement sleep(NREM)1,apnea-hypopnea index and obstructive apnea-hypopnea index of children in the observation group decreased at discharge,the proportions of NREM2,NREM3 and rapid eye movement sleep(REM),sleep efficiency and the lowest oxygen saturation increased,and REM time extended(P＜0.05).The preoperative serum levels of IgA,IgG and IgM in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).One month after surgery,the serum levels of IgA,IgG and IgM in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the serum levels of IgA,IgG and IgM between the observation group and the control group at six months after surgery(P＞0.05).One and six months after surgery,the serum levels of IgA,IgG and IgM in the observation group were significantly lower than those before surgery(P＜0.05),and the serum levels of IgA,IgG and IgM at six months after surgery were significantly higher than those one month after surgery(P＜0.05).The preoperative CD3+and CD4+percentages and the CD4+/CD8+ratio in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,while the CD8+percentage was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).One month after surgery,the CD3+and CD4+percentages and the CD4+/CD8+ratio in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,while the CD8+percentage was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the CD3+,CD4+and CD8+percentages and the CD4+/CD8+ratio between the observation group and the control group at six months after surgery(P＞0.05).One month after surgery,the CD3+and CD4+percentages and the CD4+/CD8+ratio in the observation group were significantly lower than those before surgery,while the CD8+percentage was significantly higher than that before surgery(P＜0.05);six months after surgery,the CD3+and CD4+percentages and the CD4+/CD8+ratio in the observation group were significantly higher than those before surgery,while the CD8+percentage was significantly lower than that before surgery(P＜0.05).The CD3+and CD4+percentages and the CD4+/CD8+ratio at six months after surgery were significantly higher than those at one month after surgery,while the CD8+percentage was significantly lower than that at one month after surgery in the observation group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Adenotonsillectomy can effectively prolong the REM time of OSAHS children and improve their sleep efficiency,sleep structure and the immune regulation function of the body.The immune function of the body decreases briefly after adenotonsillectomy,and then gradually returns to the normal level.

China has classified the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) as a statutory category B infectious disease and managed it according to Category B since January 8, 2023.In view that Omicron variant is currently the main epidemic strain in China, in order to guide the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection in children with the times, refer to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection (Trial 10 th Edition), Expert Consensus on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fourth Edition) and the Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy for Pediatric Related Viral Infections.The Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fifth Edition) has been formulated and updated accordingly on related etiology, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and treatment, and added key points for the treatment of COVID-19 related encephalopathy, fulminating myocarditis and other serious complications for clinical reference.

Objective:To investigate the effects and potential mechanism of vitamin D supplementation on testicular function in aging rats induced by D-galactose.Methods:The aging rats were induced by D-galactose with subcutaneous injection. The animals were randomly divided into 6 groups: aging rats (DG), aging rats with low-dose vitamin D supplementation (LD), aging rats with high-dose vitamin D supplementation (HD), normal control rats(NC), normal rats with low-dose vitamin D supplementation(LN), normal rats with high-dose vitamin D supplementation (HN). The body weight, testicular weight, serum testosterone concentrations and sperm quality of the rats in each group were measured. The testis morphological changes were detected using light microscopy. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and level of malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined with spectrophotometer. The expression levels of Nrf2, GCLC, SOD2 and VDR in testis were detected by western blot.Results:At baseline, compared with NC group, testicular weight, serum testosterone level, SOD activity, Nrf2, GCLC and SOD2 expression levels were significantly decreased in DG group, while MDA level was significantly increased. After vitamin D supplementation, testicular weight, testosterone levels and SOD activity in both of HD and LD groups were significantly increased, while the MDA level was significantly decreased. The expression levels of Nrf2, GCLC, SOD2 and VDR were significantly increased.Conclusion:Vitamin D supplementation may enhance the testicular antioxidant capacity through activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, and improve the testicular function in D-galactose-induced aging rats.

Objective: To explore the clinical and radiological features of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disease. Methods: The clinical data of 22 MOG antibody associated disease cases treated in the Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2017 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data of MOG antibody associated disease were summarized, including clinical and imaging features. Results: Of the 22 included patients with MOG antibody associated disease, the average age was 38.5 years, 13 were male and nine were female. Among them, 11 cases manifested as aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), four cases optic neuritis, two cases transverse myelitis, one case acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), two cases cortical encephalitis and two cases vestibular neuronitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results showed that multiple anatomical areas were involved. Among the nine patients with optic nerve involvement, five patients had longitudinally extensive optic nerve lesions, which were longitudinally enhanced. In eight patients, MRI lesions in the spinal cord showed mostly long or short segments involvement, involving 2-5 spinal cord segments. Five cases involved the cervical spinal cord, six cases involved the thoracic spinal cord, and one case involved the lumbar spinal cord. Brain MRI abnormalities were found in 13 cases and the lesions were mostly patchy and point-shaped. MRI lesions demonstrated T₂ hyperintensity and some of them could be strengthened, which may involve the basal ganglia, thalamus, radiographic crown, frontal temporal lobe, brain stem and other parts. Among them, 16 patients were sensitive to high-dose intravenous/oral methylprednisolone in the acute phase. Seven patients had recurrence after two months to two years of follow-up. Conclusions MOG antibody associated disease include multiple manifestations. Among them, AQP4-negative NMOSD is the most common form. The clinical manifestations of patients showed diversity. Imaging is characterized by multiple parts involvement such as optic nerve, spinal cord, and brain. Most patients are sensitive to high-dose intravenous/oral methylprednisolone, and have a good prognosis in the acute phase, but some patients may relapse.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, imaging features, gene diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE) with heterozygous RELN mutation.Methods:Clinical data of an ADLTE family caused by a heterozygous mutation in the RELN gene diagnosed in September 2019 at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University were collected. The clinical characteristics of ADLTE were analyzed, and literature review was conducted.Results:The male proband, 22 years old, was admitted with the clinical manifestations including seizures begun at temporal lobe, which specifically manifested as a sudden emergence of binaural hum, lasting for more than 10 seconds, and the symptoms can self-recover quickly. Half a month later, generalized tonic-clonic seizures attacked subsequently after a similar auditory aura. There were no abnormal findings in interictal electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Following the family history, his father had similar auditory symptoms around the age of 20, and occasional secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures appeared. Antiepileptic drug can control better. The whole exome sequencing of three people in the family revealed that both the proband and his father had NM-005045: c.6068T>C heterozygous mutation in the RELN gene.Conclusions:ADLTE mostly occurs in juveniles or early adulthood. The main clinical manifestations are focal seizures with auditory auras, which can be followed by generalized tonic-clonic seizures. There are no abnormal findings in the interictal EEG and MRI. ADLTE is sensitive to drug treatment and has good clinical prognosis. The study identified a novel heterozygous mutation NM-005045: c.6068T>C in RELN gene, which is responsible for the development of ADLTE.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of fishery putrefaction gas poisoning, and to analyze its effects on lung function and inflammatory factors.Methods:A total of 110 patients with anchovy putrefaction gas poisoning admitted to Shidao People’s Hospital of Rongcheng from June 2015 to October 2017 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into control group ( n=55) and observation group ( n=55). The control group was given conventional symptomatic and supportive treatment, while the observation group was treated with hyperbaric oxygen as an auxiliary treatment. The clinical curative effects of the two groups were observed. The changes in arterial blood gas, pulmonary function, and inflammatory factor levels were also compared before and after treatment. Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.30%, which was significantly higher than that (81.82%) of the control group ( P<0.05). The clinical Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, awakening time, and the length of hospital stay of the observation group were (12.27±1.16), (3.41±1.06) h, and (4.25±1.76) d, respectively, all of which were significantly better than those of the control group ( P<0.05). After treatment, SaO 2, PaO 2, and PaO 2/FiO 2 of both groups increased significantly, while PaCO 2 decreased significantly. PaO 2 and PaO 2/FiO 2 in the observation group showed greater improvements than those in the control group ( P<0.05). After treatment, the lung function of patients in both groups improved, and the FEV 1, FVC, and FEV 1/FVC in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The levels of serum inflammatory factors and white blood cell counts in both groups were significantly reduced than those before treatment, and the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can effectively improve the lung function of patients with putrefaction gas poisoning, reduce inflammatory reactions and the levels of inflammatory factors, thus improving the total clinical efficacy.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of fishery putrefaction gas poisoning, and to analyze its effects on lung function and inflammatory factors.Methods:A total of 110 patients with anchovy putrefaction gas poisoning admitted to Shidao People’s Hospital of Rongcheng from June 2015 to October 2017 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into control group ( n=55) and observation group ( n=55). The control group was given conventional symptomatic and supportive treatment, while the observation group was treated with hyperbaric oxygen as an auxiliary treatment. The clinical curative effects of the two groups were observed. The changes in arterial blood gas, pulmonary function, and inflammatory factor levels were also compared before and after treatment. Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.30%, which was significantly higher than that (81.82%) of the control group ( P<0.05). The clinical Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, awakening time, and the length of hospital stay of the observation group were (12.27±1.16), (3.41±1.06) h, and (4.25±1.76) d, respectively, all of which were significantly better than those of the control group ( P<0.05). After treatment, SaO 2, PaO 2, and PaO 2/FiO 2 of both groups increased significantly, while PaCO 2 decreased significantly. PaO 2 and PaO 2/FiO 2 in the observation group showed greater improvements than those in the control group ( P<0.05). After treatment, the lung function of patients in both groups improved, and the FEV 1, FVC, and FEV 1/FVC in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The levels of serum inflammatory factors and white blood cell counts in both groups were significantly reduced than those before treatment, and the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can effectively improve the lung function of patients with putrefaction gas poisoning, reduce inflammatory reactions and the levels of inflammatory factors, thus improving the total clinical efficacy.

Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies in the world and occurs at particularly higher frequency in China. While several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of germline variants and whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing studies of somatic mutations in ESCC have been published, there is no comprehensive database publically available for this cancer. Here, we developed the Chinese Cancer Genomic Database-Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CCGD-ESCC) database, which contains the associations of 69,593 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with ESCC risk in 2022 cases and 2039 controls, survival time of 1006 ESCC patients (survival GWAS) and gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci, eQTL) in 94 ESCC patients. Moreover, this database also provides the associations between 8833 somatic mutations and survival time in 675 ESCC patients. Our user-friendly database is a resource useful for biologists and oncologists not only in identifying the associations of genetic variants or somatic mutations with the development and progression of ESCC but also in studying the underlying mechanisms for tumorigenesis of the cancer. CCGD-ESCC is freely accessible at http://db.cbi.pku.edu.cn/ccgd/ESCCdb.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Databases, Genetic ; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; User-Computer Interface

Objective To analyze the mutations of causal genes in 5 children with primary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA),and explore their association of genotype and phenotype,so as to raise the awareness of the disease.Methods The whole exome sequencing was used to identify mutations in these 5 children from 5 families.Results A total of 4 different mutations of ATP6V0A4 gene were found in 2 dRTA children,including a novel heterozygous intron mutation (c.639 + 1G＞ A),a reported heterozygous nonsense variant (c.580C ＞T,p.Arg194*) and 2 novel heterozygous duplications (c.1504dupT,p.Tyr502Leufs*22;c.2351dupT,p.Phe785Ilefs*28).Two novel heterozygous missense mutations of ATP6V 1B 1 gene (c.409C ＞ T,p.Pro 137Ser;c.904C ＞ T,p.Arg302Trp) were identified in the third child,and a heterozygous missense mutation of SLC4A1 gene (c.1765C ＞ A,p.Arg589Ser) previously reported was found in the fourth child.No mutation of the dRTA-related causal genes was found in the fifth child.Furthermore,the mutations of causal genes in each of the first three children were compound heterozygous,which were consistent with the autosomal recessive inheritance pattern,and the variant from the fourth child was de novo.Conclusions The present study has found 7 mutations,including 5 novel variants,which enriches the human gene mutation database (HGMD) and contributes to a better understanding of the disease mechanisms.

Objective To study the effects of heme oxygenase-1 transduced by cell penetrating peptide PEP-1 on renal injury in acute paraquat-induced rats.Methods The fusion protein PEP-1/HO-1 was manufactured by genetic engineering methods.One hundred and twenty-six healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (63 male,63 female) were raudomly divided into three groups:(1)Control group:42 rats,(2)Poisoned group:42 rats,(3)PEP-1/HO-1 intervention group:42 rats.The rats in Poisoned group and intervention group were treated intraperitoneally with paraquat (25 mg/kg) deliquated with normal saline.Control group rats were treated with the same way of normal saline as the others.Intervention group rats were injected 1 mg of the fusion protein PEP-1/HO-1 into the left iliac vein at 30 minutes before the administration of the paraquat.After abdominal dissection with ether anaesthesia,six rats respectively from each of three groups were taken tissue samples fron kidney at l st、6 th、12 th、24 th、36 th、48 th、and 72 nd hour respectively.Tissue Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured,and renal tissue was quickly remained to observe the expression of Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by the method of imnmnohistochenistry.Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta fur determination of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine (Cr) concentrations in plasma.Results To prepare high purity fusion protein PEP-1/HO-1 Successfully.The levels of the plasma Bun and Cr in Poisoned and intervention group were significantly higher than that in Control group in the six to seventy-two hours (P＜0.01);Whereas the increases of Bun andi Cr were markedly intibited in PEP-1/HO-1 intervention group,in which,the levels of Bun and Cr in the six to seventytwo hours were significantly lower than Poisoned group (P＜0.05).Comnpared with control group,the levels of MDA in poisoned groups were increased in the one to forty-eight hours and the levels of it in groups PEP-1/HO-1 in the one to thirty-six(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The T-SOD activity of the poisoued group was decreased in the one to thirty-six hours than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Compared with poisoned group,the T-SOD activity at various points in time was increased in group PEP-1/HO-1 (P＜0.01).In control group,there was only very.weak expressions of HO-1 in the normal renal tissue.In poisoned and intervention group,the expressions of HO-1 were significantly higher than that in control group in all time (P＜0.01).The HO-1 expressions of PEP-1/HO-1 group in all time was significantly higher than that in poisoned group (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Conclusion The HO-1 protein Can be successfully transduced into renal tissue by cell penetrating peptide PEP-1 and the transduced HO-1 protein reduces renal injury of the acute paraquat-induced rats by inhibiting lipid peroxidation response.