Objective:To investigate the causal impact of maternal smoking around birth(MSAB)on off-spring's risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),autism spectrum disorder(ASD),bipolar disorder(BD),and major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods:The datasets for MSAB and 4 psychiatric disorders were extracted from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Mendelian randomization(MR)was employed,using in-verse variance weighting(IVW)as the primary analysis method.Sensitivity analyses and outlier correction were conducted using weighted median(WM),MR-Egger regression,and MR-PRESSO.The results were expressed as odds ratios(OR)and corrected for false discovery rate(FDR).Results:MR analysis showed significant causal re-lationships between MSAB and increased risk of ADHD(OR=5.36,95％CI=2.58-7.63,PFDR=0.003),MDD(OR=1.92,95％CI=1.29-2.88,PFDR=0.003),and BD(OR=6.33,95％CI=1.56-8.73,PFDR=0.013).However,no statistically significant association was found between MSAB and ASD(OR=1.66,95％CI=0.23-5.87,PFDR=0.616).Conclusion:This study suggests a potential causal link between maternal smoking around the time of birth and an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,bipolar disorder,and major depressive disorder in offspring.

Objective:To investigate the causal impact of maternal smoking around birth(MSAB)on off-spring's risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),autism spectrum disorder(ASD),bipolar disorder(BD),and major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods:The datasets for MSAB and 4 psychiatric disorders were extracted from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Mendelian randomization(MR)was employed,using in-verse variance weighting(IVW)as the primary analysis method.Sensitivity analyses and outlier correction were conducted using weighted median(WM),MR-Egger regression,and MR-PRESSO.The results were expressed as odds ratios(OR)and corrected for false discovery rate(FDR).Results:MR analysis showed significant causal re-lationships between MSAB and increased risk of ADHD(OR=5.36,95％CI=2.58-7.63,PFDR=0.003),MDD(OR=1.92,95％CI=1.29-2.88,PFDR=0.003),and BD(OR=6.33,95％CI=1.56-8.73,PFDR=0.013).However,no statistically significant association was found between MSAB and ASD(OR=1.66,95％CI=0.23-5.87,PFDR=0.616).Conclusion:This study suggests a potential causal link between maternal smoking around the time of birth and an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,bipolar disorder,and major depressive disorder in offspring.

This article presented the maternal and infant outcomes of glycogen storage disease type Ⅲa (GSDⅢa) in a woman with full-term pregnancy. The woman exhibited symptoms of hypoglycemia when she was three months old, which were alleviated with intravenous glucose infusion. At the age of 19, during surgical treatment for scoliosis, she was found with liver cirrhosis, splenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia. Glycogen debranching enzyme deficiency was detected through liver biopsies, leading to the clinical diagnosis of GSDⅢ (unspecified genotype). The patient was admitted after conceiption due to "irregular lower abdominal pain for 1 day" at 34 weeks and 3 days. Through multidisciplinary management in the late pregnancy, which included medication adjustments, dietary instruction, and platelet transfusions both at half an hour before and during the operation, the patient underwent a cesarean section at 37 +1 weeks of gestation and delivered a healthy boy with normal Apgar scores at 1, 5, and 10 min. The mother followed a high-protein diet postpartum and the newborn experienced hypoglycemia after birth. Intravenous glucose was supplied to the infant, restabilizing his blood glucose. Maternal and neonatal blood glucose both remained stable. Postpartum whole-exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in the mother, which were in the AGL gene at chr1:100379102-100379103 with gene variant information of NM_000642.2:c.3971_3972delAT(p.Tyr1324*) and at chr1:100345603 with gene variant information of NM_000642.2:c.1735+1G>T, confirming the diagnosis of GSDⅢa. The newborn carried a heterozygous variant in the AGL gene at chr1:100379102-100379103 with gene variant information of NM_000642.2:c.3971_3972delAT(p.Tyr1324*). Postpartum follow-ups showed stable blood glucose levels for the mother and normal growth and development for the newborn.

Background::The potential impact of β cell function and insulin sensitivity on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association between β cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and the composite adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods::This observational study included 482 women diagnosed with GDM during pregnancy. Quantitative metrics on β cell function and insulin sensitivity during pregnancy were calculated using traditional equations. The association of β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance with the risk of the composite adverse pregnancy outcomes was investigated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models.Results::Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of adverse pregnancy outcomes across quartiles of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were 1.00, 0.95, 1.34, and 2.25, respectively ( P for trend = 0.011). When HOMA-IR was considered as a continuous variable, the multivariable-adjusted OR of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.16-1.56) for each 1-unit increase in HOMA-IR. Multivariable-adjusted ORs of adverse pregnancy outcomes across quartiles of homeostatic model assessment for β cell function (HOMA-β) were 1.00, 0.51, 0.60, and 0.53, respectively ( P for trend = 0.068). When HOMA-β was considered as a continuous variable, the multivariable-adjusted OR of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 0.57 (95% CI 0.24-0.90) for each 1-unit increase in HOMA-β. However, other quantitative metrics were not associated with the composite adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions::We demonstrated a significant association of β cell function and insulin sensitivity with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We have provided additional evidence on the early identification of adverse pregnancy outcomes besides the glycemic values.

Objective:To investigate the mRNA expression of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily C member 8 (ABCC8) in gliomas and its application value as an index for predicting the prognosis of gliomas.Methods:The data of sex, age, histopathological type, WHO grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, 1p/19q deletion, survival time and ABCC8 mRNA expression of 304 patients with gliomas (study group) in the Chinese glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were collected. The prognostic factors of patients with gliomas were determined by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. This result was verified by the data of 506 glioma patients in TCGA database and 271 glioma patients in REMBRANDT database.Results:The expression of ABCC8 mRNA in 304 cases of gliomas in the study group was 15.93±1.23. ABCC8 mRNA expression was correlated with age, histopathological type, WHO grade, IDH mutation status, 1p/19q deletion status and WHO molecular grade ( P<0.01). The median survival time of patients in ABCC8 mRNA high expression group was 85.60 months, which was significantly longer than 14.07 months in low expression group ( P<0.001). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, histopathological type, WHO grade, IDH mutation status, 1p/19q deletion status, postoperative radiotherapy, postoperative chemotherapy and ABCC8 mRNA expression were related to the overall survival time of patients ( P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that WHO grade ( HR=3.117, 95% CI: 1.970-4.930), 1p/19q deletion status ( HR=0.285, 95% CI: 0.155-0.526), postoperative chemotherapy ( HR=0.680, 95% CI: 0.488-0.948) and ABCC8 mRNA expression ( HR=0.690, 95% CI: 0.491-0.971) were independent factors for the overall survival of patients. In the TCGA dataset, the median survival time of patients with high ABCC8 mRNA expression group was 133.70 months, which was longer than 19.60 months of patients with low ABCC8 mRNA expression group ( P<0.001). In Rembrandt dataset, the median survival time of patients with high ABCC8 mRNA expression group was 37.93 months, which was longer than 15.83 months of patients with low expression group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The expression level of ABCC8 mRNA in glioma is related to the degree of malignancy. The higher degree of malignancy, the lower the expression. The expression level of ABCC8 mRNA is an independent factor for the overall survival of patients with gliomas. The overall survival of patients with high ABCC8 mRNA expression is longer than that of patients with low ABCC8 mRNA expression.

Objective To analyze the expression of KCNJ11 mRNA in gliomas and its prognostic value. Methods The clinical, histopathological and molecular pathological features of 273 patients with gliomas were collected from CGGA. We analyzed the differences of KCNJ11 mRNA expression in different types of gliomas and the survival time of patients with high and low expression of KCNJ11 mRNA in different subtypes of gliomas. Results The expression levels of KCNJ11 mRNA in young glioma and primary glioma patients were higher than those in old glioma and recurrent glioma patients, respectively (P=0.008, 0.001). The expression of KCNJ11 mRNA in oligodendroglioma was the highest, astrocytoma was the second, and glioblastoma was the lowest (P=0.000). The expression of KCNJ11 mRNA in WHOⅡ grade glioma was the highest, WHOⅢ was the second, and WHOⅣ was the lowest (P=0.000). The expression levels of KCNJ11 mRNA in IDH-mutant type glioma patients were higher than those in IDH-wild type glioma patients (P=0.000). The expression of KCNJ11 mRNA in deletion of 1p/19q glioma patients was higher than that in non-deletion of 1p/19q ones (P=0.000). The expression of KCNJ11 mRNA in MGMT methylated glioma patients was higher than that in non-methylated ones (P=0.036). The survival time of patients with high expression of KCNJ11 mRNA (≥2.77) was longer than that with low expression (P=0.000). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the high expression of KCNJ11 mRNA was an independent factor affecting the good prognosis of patients with glioma. Conclusion The expression of KCNJ11 mRNA is negatively related to the malignant degree of the tumor. The high expression of KCNJ11 mRNA is an independent factor affecting the good prognosis of patients with glioma.

Objective:To investigate the impact of menopause hormone therapy (MHT) on life quality improvement in women aged 40-65 years who suffered from menopausal syndrome.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the clinical data of patients aged 40-65 years attending the menopause clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, between April 2010 and November 2019. The menopause rating scale (MRS) was implemented to evaluate the scale and severity of menopausal syndrome.Results:The total MRS scores were 9.25, 5.25, 4.67 and 4.25 before and 3, 6 and 12 months after menopausal hormone therapy, respectively. Compared with baseline, MRS score decreased significantly after menopausal hormone therapy (all P<0.001). Furthermore, After treatment, the decrease of MRS score in 50-54 years old group was significantly higher than that in 40-44 years old group ( P=0.043). Other characteristics such as marriage, income and body mass index, were not associated with the decrease of MRS score (all P>0.05). Conclusion:MHT can significantly improve menopausal syndrome in women aged 40 to 65 years, and the effect in 50-54 years old group is better than that in 40-44 years old group.

Objective:To investigate the mRNA expression of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily C member 8 (ABCC8) in gliomas and its application value as an index for predicting the prognosis of gliomas.Methods:The data of sex, age, histopathological type, WHO grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, 1p/19q deletion, survival time and ABCC8 mRNA expression of 304 patients with gliomas (study group) in the Chinese glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were collected. The prognostic factors of patients with gliomas were determined by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. This result was verified by the data of 506 glioma patients in TCGA database and 271 glioma patients in REMBRANDT database.Results:The expression of ABCC8 mRNA in 304 cases of gliomas in the study group was 15.93±1.23. ABCC8 mRNA expression was correlated with age, histopathological type, WHO grade, IDH mutation status, 1p/19q deletion status and WHO molecular grade ( P<0.01). The median survival time of patients in ABCC8 mRNA high expression group was 85.60 months, which was significantly longer than 14.07 months in low expression group ( P<0.001). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, histopathological type, WHO grade, IDH mutation status, 1p/19q deletion status, postoperative radiotherapy, postoperative chemotherapy and ABCC8 mRNA expression were related to the overall survival time of patients ( P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that WHO grade ( HR=3.117, 95% CI: 1.970-4.930), 1p/19q deletion status ( HR=0.285, 95% CI: 0.155-0.526), postoperative chemotherapy ( HR=0.680, 95% CI: 0.488-0.948) and ABCC8 mRNA expression ( HR=0.690, 95% CI: 0.491-0.971) were independent factors for the overall survival of patients. In the TCGA dataset, the median survival time of patients with high ABCC8 mRNA expression group was 133.70 months, which was longer than 19.60 months of patients with low ABCC8 mRNA expression group ( P<0.001). In Rembrandt dataset, the median survival time of patients with high ABCC8 mRNA expression group was 37.93 months, which was longer than 15.83 months of patients with low expression group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The expression level of ABCC8 mRNA in glioma is related to the degree of malignancy. The higher degree of malignancy, the lower the expression. The expression level of ABCC8 mRNA is an independent factor for the overall survival of patients with gliomas. The overall survival of patients with high ABCC8 mRNA expression is longer than that of patients with low ABCC8 mRNA expression.

Objective:To investigate the impact of menopause hormone therapy (MHT) on life quality improvement in women aged 40-65 years who suffered from menopausal syndrome.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the clinical data of patients aged 40-65 years attending the menopause clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, between April 2010 and November 2019. The menopause rating scale (MRS) was implemented to evaluate the scale and severity of menopausal syndrome.Results:The total MRS scores were 9.25, 5.25, 4.67 and 4.25 before and 3, 6 and 12 months after menopausal hormone therapy, respectively. Compared with baseline, MRS score decreased significantly after menopausal hormone therapy (all P<0.001). Furthermore, After treatment, the decrease of MRS score in 50-54 years old group was significantly higher than that in 40-44 years old group ( P=0.043). Other characteristics such as marriage, income and body mass index, were not associated with the decrease of MRS score (all P>0.05). Conclusion:MHT can significantly improve menopausal syndrome in women aged 40 to 65 years, and the effect in 50-54 years old group is better than that in 40-44 years old group.

Objective:To study the mRNA expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP2) in different types of gliomas and the relation between BMP2 mRNA expression and survival time, and to explore the role of BMP2 mRNA expression in prognosis evaluation in gliomas. Methods:The clinical data of 692 patients with gliomas in China Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were collected. Differences of BMP2 mRNA expression were compared among glioma patients with different histophiologic types, and patients with different gender and different ages, patients at primary or recurrent status, and those with different WHO grading, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation, 1P19q heterozygous deletion status, and molecular typing. The difference in survival time between patients with high and low BMP2 mRNA expression levels were compared in different categories of gliomas. Results:(1) The BMP2 mRNA expressions were different in different histopathological types of gliomas ( F=9.392, P=0.000); BMP2 expression in the oligodendroglioma subtype was the highest, followed by astrocytoma subtype and glioblastoma. The BMP2 relative mRNA expressions in male and female patients were 9.78±0.65 and 11.26±0.86, respectively, without statistical difference ( P>0.05). The BMP2 relative mRNA expressions in patients <43 years old and patients≥43 years old were 12.51±0.81 and 8.37±0.65, respectively, with significant difference ( P<0.05). The BMP2 relative mRNA expressions were 10.09±0.62 and 10.90±0.93, respectively, without significant difference ( P>0.05). The BMP2 relative mRNA expressions were 13.98±1.12, 12.88±0.88 and 5.18±0.64 in WHO grading II, III, and IV gliomas patients, respectively, with significant differences ( F=30.912, P=0.000). The BMP2 relative mRNA expressions in patients with IDH1 wild-type and IDH1 mutant were 2.73±0.16 and 17.47±0.85, respectively, with significant difference ( P<0.05). The BMP2 relative mRNA expressions in patients with 1P/19Q non-absence and 1P/19Q absence were 7.02±0.36 and 25.28±1.66, respectively, with significant difference ( P<0.05). In patients with lower graded glioma and glioblastoma, the BMP2 mRNA expressions in these patients with IDH mutation were significantly higher than those in patients with IDH wild-type ( P<0.05). (2) In patients with primary glioma and patients with recurrent glioma, the survival time of these patients with high BMP2 mRNA expression (≥4.68) was significantly longer than that of patients with low expression (<4.68, χ2=62.975, P=0.000; χ2=12.810, P=0.000). Conclusion:The BMP2 mRNA expression can be used as an index to predict the malignant degrees of gliomas; patients with high expression have longer survival time than those with low expression.