Objective To explore the association between knee torsion and multiple bony abnormali-ties of the lower limb in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation(RPD).Methods The preoperative imaging data of RPD patients treated in our institution between May 2020 and October 2024 were col-lected retrospectively.A total of 238 patients were included in this study,with 83.6%being females.All patients underwent standard hip-knee-ankle CT scans,and lower limb bony structural parameters were reconstructed and measured using Mimics 20.0,focusing on variables such as knee torsion,femo-ral anteversion(FAA),femoral distal torsion angle(DFTA),supratrochlear spur,tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove distance(TT-TG),Caton-Deschamps index,and tibial torsion.Bony abnormalities were categorized based on previously established risk thresholds.Moreover,chi-square tests were em-ployed to compare the composition ratio differences between knee torsion and multiple lower limb osse-ous abnormalities.Results Among all affected knees,the proportion of excessive knee torsion was 33.6%,while in cases with osseous abnormalities,the value was over 40%.Compared with cases of low knee torsion,patients with excessive knee torsion showed significantly higher proportions of FAA(41.3%vs.27.2%,P=0.028),excessive DFTA(60%vs.32.9%,P<0.001),supratrochlear spur(55%vs.38.6%,P=0.016),trochlear dysplasia(93.8%vs.73.4%,P<0.001),excessive TT-TG(68.8%vs.43.7%,P<0.001),and patella alta(50%vs.22.2%,P<0.001).Additionally,95%of knees with excessive torsion exhibited two or more bony risk factors,whereas 55%had four or more bony structural abnormalities,which was significantly higher than those of low knee torsion(55%vs.21.5%,P<0.001).Conclusion In RPD patients,excessive knee torsion is associated with multiple low-er limb bony abnormalities.Moreover,patients with high knee torsion(>12°)are significantly more likely to have multiple bony abnormalities than those with low torsion.Therefore,in surgical decision-making for such patients,lower limb bony abnormalities should be assessed comprehensively.

Objective To explore the association between knee torsion and multiple bony abnormali-ties of the lower limb in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation(RPD).Methods The preoperative imaging data of RPD patients treated in our institution between May 2020 and October 2024 were col-lected retrospectively.A total of 238 patients were included in this study,with 83.6%being females.All patients underwent standard hip-knee-ankle CT scans,and lower limb bony structural parameters were reconstructed and measured using Mimics 20.0,focusing on variables such as knee torsion,femo-ral anteversion(FAA),femoral distal torsion angle(DFTA),supratrochlear spur,tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove distance(TT-TG),Caton-Deschamps index,and tibial torsion.Bony abnormalities were categorized based on previously established risk thresholds.Moreover,chi-square tests were em-ployed to compare the composition ratio differences between knee torsion and multiple lower limb osse-ous abnormalities.Results Among all affected knees,the proportion of excessive knee torsion was 33.6%,while in cases with osseous abnormalities,the value was over 40%.Compared with cases of low knee torsion,patients with excessive knee torsion showed significantly higher proportions of FAA(41.3%vs.27.2%,P=0.028),excessive DFTA(60%vs.32.9%,P<0.001),supratrochlear spur(55%vs.38.6%,P=0.016),trochlear dysplasia(93.8%vs.73.4%,P<0.001),excessive TT-TG(68.8%vs.43.7%,P<0.001),and patella alta(50%vs.22.2%,P<0.001).Additionally,95%of knees with excessive torsion exhibited two or more bony risk factors,whereas 55%had four or more bony structural abnormalities,which was significantly higher than those of low knee torsion(55%vs.21.5%,P<0.001).Conclusion In RPD patients,excessive knee torsion is associated with multiple low-er limb bony abnormalities.Moreover,patients with high knee torsion(>12°)are significantly more likely to have multiple bony abnormalities than those with low torsion.Therefore,in surgical decision-making for such patients,lower limb bony abnormalities should be assessed comprehensively.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) in analyzing foodborne diseases in Hubei Province and predicting the future trend of foodborne diseases in Hubei Province. Methods Based on the number of reported cases of foodborne diseases in Hubei Province for eight consecutive years (2014-2021), an ARIMA model was constructed using Python software to fit the data. The model was validated and parameters were optimized with data from January 2022 to December 2022. The optimal fitting model was used to predict the incidence and trends of foodborne diseases in 2023. Results The incidence of foodborne diseases in Hubei Province showed seasonal periodicity, and the peak of epidemic was usually in July every year. SARIMA (0,1,0) (2,2,1)₁₂ was determined as the best fitting model. The model extrapolation effect was verified with 2022 data, and MAPE was 23.90 %, indicating that the model extrapolation effect was effective. Conclusion The SARIMA model is effective for short-term prediction of foodborne disease incidence trends in Hubei Province, and can provide a scientific basis for the formulation of foodborne disease prevention and control policies in the coming year.

Objective:To understand the current genotype distribution, epidemiological characteristics, and their relationship with pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with hepatitis C in Nanjing city.Methods:An epidemiological survey method was used to analyze the data of 113 pregnant women with hepatitis C who were successfully genotyped and admitted to Nanjing Second Hospital from January 2018 to December 2023. The comparison of the quantitative data was analyzed by a t-test or rank-sum test between the two groups. The comparison of the enumeration data was analyzed using the χ2 test, adjusted χ2 test, or Fisher's exact probability method between the two groups. Results:A total of six kinds of genotypes (1b, 2a, 3a, 3b, 6a, 6n) were identified in 113 cases. The primary genotype was 1b (accounted for 76.1%), followed by 6, 3, and 2 rare genotypes, while 1 mixed type (type 2 mixed with type 6) and genotypes 4 and 5 were non-identified. The proportion of genotype 1b increased with the extension of the birth cohort, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=24.35, P＜0.001). There was a difference in genotyping proportions with educational and employment background ( χ2=14.74, P＜0.001; χ2=19.50, P＜0.001). The proportion of non-1b types increased in populations with low educational backgrounds and unemployment. The proportion of type 1b was higher in those with a history of blood transfusion and hospitalization during infancy ( χ2=5.57, P=0.018; χ2=5.17, P=0.023). The proportion of non-1b type was higher in those with a history of drug abuse ( χ2=22.32, P＜0.001). Normal pregnancy outcomes had no statistically significant difference between genotype 1b and non-1b groups. However, all pregnant women who experienced adverse infant outcomes had genotype 1b. Conclusion:Pregnant women with hepatitis C in Nanjing city are mainly genotype 1b, with genotype 3b<5%, and there is no significant difference in maternal and infant outcomes among different genotype subtypes. Therefore, no testing of genotype for women of childbearing age. However, the focus should be on the management of pregnancy, health education, and postpartum preparation for direct acting antiviral treatment.

Objective:To understand the current genotype distribution, epidemiological characteristics, and their relationship with pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with hepatitis C in Nanjing city.Methods:An epidemiological survey method was used to analyze the data of 113 pregnant women with hepatitis C who were successfully genotyped and admitted to Nanjing Second Hospital from January 2018 to December 2023. The comparison of the quantitative data was analyzed by a t-test or rank-sum test between the two groups. The comparison of the enumeration data was analyzed using the χ2 test, adjusted χ2 test, or Fisher's exact probability method between the two groups. Results:A total of six kinds of genotypes (1b, 2a, 3a, 3b, 6a, 6n) were identified in 113 cases. The primary genotype was 1b (accounted for 76.1%), followed by 6, 3, and 2 rare genotypes, while 1 mixed type (type 2 mixed with type 6) and genotypes 4 and 5 were non-identified. The proportion of genotype 1b increased with the extension of the birth cohort, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=24.35, P＜0.001). There was a difference in genotyping proportions with educational and employment background ( χ2=14.74, P＜0.001; χ2=19.50, P＜0.001). The proportion of non-1b types increased in populations with low educational backgrounds and unemployment. The proportion of type 1b was higher in those with a history of blood transfusion and hospitalization during infancy ( χ2=5.57, P=0.018; χ2=5.17, P=0.023). The proportion of non-1b type was higher in those with a history of drug abuse ( χ2=22.32, P＜0.001). Normal pregnancy outcomes had no statistically significant difference between genotype 1b and non-1b groups. However, all pregnant women who experienced adverse infant outcomes had genotype 1b. Conclusion:Pregnant women with hepatitis C in Nanjing city are mainly genotype 1b, with genotype 3b<5%, and there is no significant difference in maternal and infant outcomes among different genotype subtypes. Therefore, no testing of genotype for women of childbearing age. However, the focus should be on the management of pregnancy, health education, and postpartum preparation for direct acting antiviral treatment.

Alzheimer's disease （AD） is a common chronic degenerative neurological disease in the elderly and is mainly manifested by the impairment of cognition， memory， and behaviors. At present， the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease have not been fully unraveled， and the research on related drugs for alleviating the disease progression is still in clinical trials. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） believes that the elderly have reduced visceral function. Deficiency of vital Qi and turbid phlegm obscuring orifices are the core pathogenesis of AD. Qi deficiency and phlegm obstruction run through the whole pathological process of AD， and the important role of therapeutic principles of supplementing Qi and resolving phlegm is emphasized in treatment. In recent years， the Chinese medicinal compounds effective in supplementing Qi and resolving phlegm represented by Kaixin Powder have been widely used in the clinical and basic research of AD. As reported， in addition to the improvement of the cognitive function of AD， it can also reduce β amyloid （Aβ） deposition， inhibit tau hyperphosphorylation， improve neurotransmitter activity， regulate neuronal synaptic plasticity， resist oxidant stress injury， and inhibit the central inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis. Therefore， this article reviewed and analyzed the theoretical basis of the treatment of AD by supplementing Qi and resolving phlegm and the mechanism of Chinese medicinal compounds effective in supplementing qi and resolving phlegm against AD to provide theoretical support and a scientific basis for the clinical application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of AD.

Microneedle percutaneous immunization is achieved by puncturing the stratum corneum of the skin with microneedles so that the vaccine is efficiently recognized by antigen-presenting cells to induce a specific immune response. Due to the advantages of efficient induction of immune response, low pain and easy storage, transdermal immunization by microneedles has been widely used for immunization of various vaccines in recent years. This review summarizes the materials of microneedles, application for transcutaneous immunization, as well as the challenges that need to be addressed.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Needles ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

【Objective】 To investigate the clinical staffs′ knowledge about blood transfusion and their demands, so as to provide evidence for arranging the content for continuing education of blood transfusion medicine. 【Methods】 A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the blood transfusion related knowledge of 652 clinical staffs from other cities or counties/districts in Shaanxi Province, who came to our hospital to attend meetings, further training and study from July to August 2019. 【Results】 Clinical stsffs investigated lacked a deep understanding of blood transfusion and blood donation related knowledge, and even were ignorant of certain knowledge. The awareness rate of relevant knowledge was the highest among doctors, followed by laboratory technicians and the lowest among nurses. 【Conclusion】 The awareness rate of blood transfusion related knowledge among medical staffs is relatively low, suggesting the training of blood transfusion related knowledge should be enhanced.

Objective To understand the status of new coronavirus contamination in the biosafety laboratory environment, identify key areas prone to contamination, and provide evidence for disinfection of central objects. Methods surfaces of high-frequency contact environment and protective equipment were sampled with moistened sterile cotton swabs after experiment and before disinfection, the results of the one-step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of open reading frame 1ab and N fragment were used to evaluate the pollution status. Results Environmental surveys found 4 of 217 samples of environmental objects to be positive for new coronavirus RNA, that positive rate was 1.84%. Among them, BSL-3, BSL-2, and BSL-1 were sampled 23, 184, and 10 respectively. The 3 positive samples were from surfaces of nucleic acid extraction room of BSL-2 and from the handles of pass-through box, laboratory door handles and the outer surface of the alcohol watering pot respectively. The 1 positive sample was from the forearm of the protective clothing in BSL-2 laboratory. Conclusion There was a certain degree of virus pollution in key areas of the new coronavirus laboratory. The BSL-2 laboratory has a higher risk of environmental pollution than the BSL-3 and BSL-1 laboratories.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical, radiological and arthroscopic outcomes after surgical repair for chronic lateral meniscus posterior root (LMPR) avulsion combined with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Methods:From July 2015 to June 2017, a total of 33 patients who underwent transtibial pull-out suture repair for chronic LMPR avulsion combined with anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring graft were retrospectively reviewed. There were 30 males and 3 females with an average age of 27.7±7.5 years (range 17-45 years) and a mean BMI of 25.2±3.7 kg/m 2 (range 19.4-36.7 kg/m 2). All patients were available for at least two years of follow-up. A second-look arthroscopy was performed to evaluate the healing status of the repaired meniscus. Subjective knee function was assessed through Lysholm and Tegner scores. Objective knee stability was evaluated using KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference (SSD) and pivot shift test under anesthesia. The tibiofemoral relationship was evaluated by anterior tibial subluxation (ATS) measured on axial MRI. Between patients with preoperative ATS ≥6 mm (18 patients in the ATS positive group) and <6 mm (15 patients in the ATS negative group), the postoperative ATS and the reduction of ATS was also compared. Results:After a mean follow-up of 27.5±4.0 months (range 24-39 months), the LMPR avulsion completely healed in 23 (70%) cases, partially healed in 9 (27%) cases, failed to heal in 1 (3%) case on second-look arthroscopy. The Lysholm score was increased from 60.4±13.6 to 82.7±11.1 at 1 year and to 91.4±9.1 at 2 years operatively ( F=155.996, P<0.001). The Tegner score was increased from 3(2, 5) to 4(3, 5) at 1 year and 6(4, 6) at 2 years postoperatively (χ 2=47.791, P<0.001). The KT-1000 SSD was decreased from 9.1±3.3 mm to 2.0±1.7 mm ( t=11.197, P<0.001). The result of pivot shift test was also improved (10 grade I, 20 grade II, 3 grade III, preoperatively vs 30 grade 0, 3 grade I, postoperatively, U=5.161, P<0.001). The ATS was reduced from 5.7±3.9 mm to 3.5±3.2 mm ( t=3.530, P=0.001). However, there was no statistically significant decrease in the ATS of the ATS negative group ( t=0.400, P=0.695). The ATS of the ATS positive group was reduced from 8.7±1.8 mm to 5.0±3.3 mm ( t=4.765, P<0.001), and the ATS reduction of the ATS positive group was greater than that of the ATS negative group (3.7±3.3 mm vs 0.3±2.8 mm, t=3.115, P=0.004). Conclusion:In patients undergoing ACL reconstruction, the transtibial pull-out suture repair for chronic LMPR avulsion yielded meniscus healing rate of 97% with improved subjective knee function and objective knee stability and better restored the tibiofemoral relationship for patients with excessive ATS.