BACKGROUND:Apoptosis plays an important role in secondary brain injury.Therefore,to explore the pathophysiological mechanism of promoting nerve cell survival after traumatic brain injury provides a new direction and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of traumatic brain injury. OBJECTIVE:To explore the expression changes of Lnx1 molecule in mammalian cortical neurons after brain injury and the possible mechanism involved in secondary brain injury. METHODS:Eighty adult SD rats were divided into 20 male and 20 female mice in sham operation group and 20 male and 20 female mice in traumatic brain injury group.The traumatic brain injury rat model was established by heavy falling method.At 6,12,24,48,and 72 hours after brain injury,the expression of related molecules in damaged cortical neurons was analyzed by RT-qPCR,western blot assay,and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The brain tissue of traumatic brain injury group was bleeding and obvious tissue injury could be observed.Water content of brain tissue increased after traumatic brain injury.(2)Compared with the sham operation group,the expression of Lnx1 in cortical neurons after traumatic brain injury increased significantly at 24 hours after injury.(3)After traumatic brain injury,the expression of PBK and BCR protein decreased,and the pro-survival factor ctgf increased.(4)These findings suggest that after traumatic brain injury,the expression of Lnx1 is up-regulated in neurons,which may be due to the decrease of the expression of its target molecules PBK and BCR,and further promote the expression of living factor ctgf,which has a protective effect on the damaged neurons.

ObjectiveTo establish background data for a 90-day feeding trial of SD rats to ensure the reliability of research data. MethodsBackground data from six independent 90-day feeding trials of SD rats conducted by the National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs from 2020 to 2023 were summarized. These studies involved a blank control group of 120 SPF-grade 4-week-old SD rats, with an equal number of males and females, which were only given standard full-nutrient pelleted rat feed. After the quarantine period, the animals were observed for an additional 90 days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of Zoletil (50 mg/mL) for anesthesia, blood sampling, euthanasia, and necropsy. By analyzing the data from the blank control group, a relevant background database for SD rats was established. ResultsBoth male and female rats exhibited steady weight gain, with a more pronounced increase in male rats. Within 90 days, the average body weight of male and female rats increased to over 500 g and 300 g, respectively. Three weeks later, the average daily food intake of male rats stabilized at approximately 25~28 g per rat, while that of female rats remained stable at approximately 16~19 g per rat. The food utilization rate of all animals gradually decreased from the first week of the experiment. In the white blood cell (WBC) differential count results, significant differences were observed in the counts of WBCs, neutrophils (Neut), lymphocytes (Lymph), and monocytes (Mono) between males and females (P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the percentages of neutrophil (%Neut), lymphocyte (%Lymph), and monocyte (%Mono) between the sexes (P>0.05). The average red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were higher in male animals than in female animals (P<0.05). The average values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose (GLU), and triglyceride (TG) in male rats were higher than those in female rats (P<0.05). The urinary pH range for male animals was 5.0 to 8.5, while for female animals it was 6.5 to 9.0. The majority of male animals had a urinary specific gravity lower than 1.020, and the majority of female animals had a urinary specific gravity lower than 1.015. The weights of various organs (excluding the adrenal glands and reproductive organs) in male animals were heavier than those in female animals (P<0.001), while the organ/body weight ratios (excluding the kidneys and reproductive organs) of female animals were higher than those of male animals (P<0.001). ConclusionThis study summarizes the background reference ranges for body weight, food intake, hematology, and serum biochemistry indicators in SPF-grade SD rats in the untreated control group from six 90-day feeding trials conducted by the National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs. It provides important reference data for related research. By summarizing the background and spontaneous histopathological changes in rats, this study aids in the standardization and normalization of subsequent research, as well as in the evaluation and analysis of abnormal results.

Retrieving keyframes most relevant to text from small intestine videos with given labels can efficiently and accurately locate pathological regions. However, training directly on raw video data is extremely slow, while learning visual representations from image-text datasets leads to computational inconsistency. To tackle this challenge, a small bowel video keyframe retrieval based on multi-modal contrastive learning (KRCL) is proposed. This framework fully utilizes textual information from video category labels to learn video features closely related to text, while modeling temporal information within a pretrained image-text model. It transfers knowledge learned from image-text multimodal models to the video domain, enabling interaction among medical videos, images, and text data. Experimental results on the hyper-spectral and Kvasir dataset for gastrointestinal disease detection (Hyper-Kvasir) and the Microsoft Research video-to-text (MSR-VTT) retrieval dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of KRCL, with the proposed method achieving state-of-the-art performance across nearly all evaluation metrics.
Humans ; Video Recording ; Intestine, Small/diagnostic imaging* ; Machine Learning ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Algorithms

Myocardial fibrosis is a serious cause of heart failure and even sudden cardiac death. However, the mechanisms underlying myocardial ischemia-induced cardiac fibrosis remain unclear. Here, we identified that the expression of sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1), was increased significantly in the ischemic cardiomyopathy patients, dilated cardiomyopathy patients (GSE116250) and fibrotic heart tissues of mice. Additionally, inhibition or knockdown of SARM1 can improve myocardial fibrosis and cardiac function of myocardial infarction (MI) mice. Moreover, SARM1 fibroblasts-specific knock-in mice had increased deposition of extracellular matrix and impaired cardiac function. Mechanically, elevated expression of SARM1 promotes the deposition of extracellular matrix by directly modulating P4HA1. Notably, by using the Click-iT reaction, we identified that the increased expression of ZDHHC17 promotes the palmitoylation levels of SARM1, thereby accelerating the fibrosis process. Based on the fibrosis-promoting effect of SARM1, we screened several drugs with anti-myocardial fibrosis activity. In conclusion, we have unveiled that palmitoylated SARM1 targeting P4HA1 promotes collagen deposition and myocardial fibrosis. Inhibition of SARM1 is a potential strategy for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis. The sites where SARM1 interacts with P4HA1 and the palmitoylation modification sites of SARM1 may be the active targets for anti-fibrosis drugs.

Objective:To investigate the degree of satisfaction with education of undergraduates majoring in medical technology in medical universities in China and associated problems, and to put forward countermeasures and suggestions for student training.Methods:A questionnaire was distributed to undergraduates majoring in medical technology selected by stratified sampling from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Tianjin Medical University, and Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences. The questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, major choice motivation, education satisfaction, and various aspects, including a total of 54 variables (21 nominal variables and 33 continuous variables). Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 27.0 One-way analysis of variance was used for group comparison.Results:The mean degree of satisfaction with education of the students of medical technology was 4.02 points, with the highest score for curricula and teaching and the lowest score for academic atmosphere. Cultivation and management showed the strongest correlation with the degree of satisfaction with education. The degree of satisfaction with education differed significantly for different institutions and different major choice motivations ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Undergraduates of medical technology are generally satisfied with their education, and the degree of satisfaction is lower in double first-class universities than in application-oriented ordinary universities. Attention should be paid to student training and management, creating a positive academic atmosphere, and enhancing the attractiveness of colleges/universities and majors. Compared with application-oriented undergraduate colleges/universities, double first-class universities should well coordinate training goals with students' expectations, industry needs, and even national strategic needs. Colleges and universities can make appropriate adjustments in terms of curricula, teaching, and teaching resources, to promote the diverse and orderly development of medical technology talents based on their personal strengths.

Osteocytes are the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone,serving as primary regulators of bone remodeling.Besides playing critical roles in endocrine regulation and calcium-phosphate metabolism,osteocytes are primary responders to mechanical stimuli,perceiving and responding to these stimuli directly and indirectly.The process of mechanotransduction in osteocytes is a complex and finely tuned regulation involving interactions between the cell and its surrounding environment,neighboring cells,and various mechanosensors within the cells with distinct functions.The known major mechanosensors in osteocytes include primary cilia,Piezo ion channels,integrins,extracellular matrix,and connexin-based intercellular junctions.These mechanosensors play crucial roles in osteocytes,perceiving and transducing mechanical signals to regulate bone homeostasis.This review aims to provide a systematic introduction to these five mechanosensors,offering new perspectives and insights into understanding how osteocytes respond to mechanical stimuli and maintain bone tissue homeostasis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between fatty infiltration(FI),relative cross-sectional area(rCSA)of the multifidus(MF),erector spinae(ES)and postoperative new symptomatic vertebral compression fractures(NSVCF)for osteoporotic lumbar vertebral compression fractures(OLVCF).Methods The clinical and imaging data of 157 patients with OLVCF treated by surgery were collected.They were divided into postoperative re-fracture group(24 cases)and postoperative non-fracture group(133 cases)according to the presence or absence of NSVCF during the follow-up period.The FI,rCSA of lumbar paravertebral muscles(MF and ES)in the two groups were measured and calculated using Image J software.Univariate difference analysis was performed to compare whether there were differences in gender,age,T value of bone mineral density(BMD),body mass index(BMI),FI and rCSA between the two groups.Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for NSVCF after surgery for OLVCF.Results Univariate difference analysis showed there were significant statistical differences in age(t=-2.596,P=0.010),T value of BMD(t=2.415,P=0.017)and FI(t=-5.006,P＜0.001)between the two groups.There were no significant statistical differences in gender(x2=0.528,P=0.468),BMI(t=1.354,P=0.178)and rCSA(t=-0.057,P=0.955).Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed there were significant statistical differences in FI(x2=15.560,P＜0.001),T value of BMD(x2-4.193,P=0.041)between the two groups.Conclusion The higher FI of lumbar paravertebral muscle and the lower T value of BMD of lumbar spine are the risk factors for postoperative NSVCF in patients with OLVCF.It is recommended that clinicians should pay attention to the functional exercise of lumbar dorsal muscles and the anti-osteoporosis therapy in the relevant patients.

Background: This study aimed to compare the intercostal nerve block (ICNB) and thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for acute herpes zoster-associated pain (ZAP) and possible prophylaxis for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: This study enrolled 128 patients with ZAP. Their records were stratified into standard antiviral treatment (AVT) plus US-guided TPVB (the TPVB group), AVT plus US-guided ICNB (the ICNB group) or AVT alone (the control group). Herpes zoster (HZ)-related burden of illness (HZ-BOI) within the post-procedural 30 days was defined as the primary endpoint, determined by a composite of pain severity and follow-up duration. Procedure time, rescue analgesic requirement, PHN incidence, health-related quality of life and side effects were also recorded. Results: Significantly lower HZ-BOI-AUC 30 was reported in the TPVB and ICNB groups as compared to the control group, with a mean difference of 57.5 (P < 0.001) and 40.3 (P = 0.003), respectively. However, there was no difference between the TPVB and ICNB groups (P = 0.978). Both TPVB and ICNB reported significantly greater improvements in PHN incidence, EQ-5D-3L scores and rescue analgesic requirements during follow-up, as opposed to the control AVT. Shorter procedure time was observed in ICNB as compared to TPVB (16.47 ± 3.39 vs. 11.69 ± 2.58, P < 0.001). Conclusions Both US-guided TPVBs and ICNBs were effective for ZAP, and accounted for possible prophylaxis for PHN, as compared to AVT alone. The ICNB approach could be recommended as an alternative to conventional TPVB with a better consumed procedure time and side effect profile.

Background: This study aimed to compare the intercostal nerve block (ICNB) and thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for acute herpes zoster-associated pain (ZAP) and possible prophylaxis for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: This study enrolled 128 patients with ZAP. Their records were stratified into standard antiviral treatment (AVT) plus US-guided TPVB (the TPVB group), AVT plus US-guided ICNB (the ICNB group) or AVT alone (the control group). Herpes zoster (HZ)-related burden of illness (HZ-BOI) within the post-procedural 30 days was defined as the primary endpoint, determined by a composite of pain severity and follow-up duration. Procedure time, rescue analgesic requirement, PHN incidence, health-related quality of life and side effects were also recorded. Results: Significantly lower HZ-BOI-AUC 30 was reported in the TPVB and ICNB groups as compared to the control group, with a mean difference of 57.5 (P < 0.001) and 40.3 (P = 0.003), respectively. However, there was no difference between the TPVB and ICNB groups (P = 0.978). Both TPVB and ICNB reported significantly greater improvements in PHN incidence, EQ-5D-3L scores and rescue analgesic requirements during follow-up, as opposed to the control AVT. Shorter procedure time was observed in ICNB as compared to TPVB (16.47 ± 3.39 vs. 11.69 ± 2.58, P < 0.001). Conclusions Both US-guided TPVBs and ICNBs were effective for ZAP, and accounted for possible prophylaxis for PHN, as compared to AVT alone. The ICNB approach could be recommended as an alternative to conventional TPVB with a better consumed procedure time and side effect profile.

Background: This study aimed to compare the intercostal nerve block (ICNB) and thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for acute herpes zoster-associated pain (ZAP) and possible prophylaxis for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: This study enrolled 128 patients with ZAP. Their records were stratified into standard antiviral treatment (AVT) plus US-guided TPVB (the TPVB group), AVT plus US-guided ICNB (the ICNB group) or AVT alone (the control group). Herpes zoster (HZ)-related burden of illness (HZ-BOI) within the post-procedural 30 days was defined as the primary endpoint, determined by a composite of pain severity and follow-up duration. Procedure time, rescue analgesic requirement, PHN incidence, health-related quality of life and side effects were also recorded. Results: Significantly lower HZ-BOI-AUC 30 was reported in the TPVB and ICNB groups as compared to the control group, with a mean difference of 57.5 (P < 0.001) and 40.3 (P = 0.003), respectively. However, there was no difference between the TPVB and ICNB groups (P = 0.978). Both TPVB and ICNB reported significantly greater improvements in PHN incidence, EQ-5D-3L scores and rescue analgesic requirements during follow-up, as opposed to the control AVT. Shorter procedure time was observed in ICNB as compared to TPVB (16.47 ± 3.39 vs. 11.69 ± 2.58, P < 0.001). Conclusions Both US-guided TPVBs and ICNBs were effective for ZAP, and accounted for possible prophylaxis for PHN, as compared to AVT alone. The ICNB approach could be recommended as an alternative to conventional TPVB with a better consumed procedure time and side effect profile.