Objective To overcome the limitations of existing human respiratory syncytial virus(hRSV)animal models,such as semi-permissiveness and short duration of infection,this study established an IL2rg gene knockout(IL2rg-/-)rat model using TALEN gene editing technology.Methods The animal model was infected with hRSV intranasally.Clinical characteristics,body weight,and temperature changes were observed over the infection period(0～35 days).The total viral loads in respiratory organs,such as the nasal tissue,trachea,and lungs,were measured at various time points(4,11,20,and 35 days post-infection).Pathological analysis was conducted on target organs at the endpoint of observation(35 days post-infection).Changes in peripheral blood T,B,NK,and NKT cells and various cytokines were assessed at various time points(4,20,and 35 days post-infection).Results(1)IL2rg/-knockout rats sustained high viral loads in the nasal cavity upon intranasal inoculation with hRSV.The average peak titer rapidly reached 1 × 1010 copies/g in nasal tissue and 1 × 107 copies/g up to 5 weeks post-infection.(2)However,no significant pathological changes were noted in nasal,tracheal,or lung tissues.(3)An increase was observed in the content of peripheral blood B cells in hRSV-infected IL2rg--rats.(4)IL-6 and MCP-1 were increased in the early stage of infection and then decreased at the end of the observation period.Conclusions This study established a new IL2rg-/-rat model using TALEN technology and found that this model effectively supported high-level replication and long-term infection of hRSV,providing a good basis for antiviral drug screening and in vivo efficacy evaluation of anti-hRSV antibodies.

Background: This study aimed to compare the intercostal nerve block (ICNB) and thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for acute herpes zoster-associated pain (ZAP) and possible prophylaxis for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: This study enrolled 128 patients with ZAP. Their records were stratified into standard antiviral treatment (AVT) plus US-guided TPVB (the TPVB group), AVT plus US-guided ICNB (the ICNB group) or AVT alone (the control group). Herpes zoster (HZ)-related burden of illness (HZ-BOI) within the post-procedural 30 days was defined as the primary endpoint, determined by a composite of pain severity and follow-up duration. Procedure time, rescue analgesic requirement, PHN incidence, health-related quality of life and side effects were also recorded. Results: Significantly lower HZ-BOI-AUC 30 was reported in the TPVB and ICNB groups as compared to the control group, with a mean difference of 57.5 (P < 0.001) and 40.3 (P = 0.003), respectively. However, there was no difference between the TPVB and ICNB groups (P = 0.978). Both TPVB and ICNB reported significantly greater improvements in PHN incidence, EQ-5D-3L scores and rescue analgesic requirements during follow-up, as opposed to the control AVT. Shorter procedure time was observed in ICNB as compared to TPVB (16.47 ± 3.39 vs. 11.69 ± 2.58, P < 0.001). Conclusions Both US-guided TPVBs and ICNBs were effective for ZAP, and accounted for possible prophylaxis for PHN, as compared to AVT alone. The ICNB approach could be recommended as an alternative to conventional TPVB with a better consumed procedure time and side effect profile.

Background: This study aimed to compare the intercostal nerve block (ICNB) and thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for acute herpes zoster-associated pain (ZAP) and possible prophylaxis for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: This study enrolled 128 patients with ZAP. Their records were stratified into standard antiviral treatment (AVT) plus US-guided TPVB (the TPVB group), AVT plus US-guided ICNB (the ICNB group) or AVT alone (the control group). Herpes zoster (HZ)-related burden of illness (HZ-BOI) within the post-procedural 30 days was defined as the primary endpoint, determined by a composite of pain severity and follow-up duration. Procedure time, rescue analgesic requirement, PHN incidence, health-related quality of life and side effects were also recorded. Results: Significantly lower HZ-BOI-AUC 30 was reported in the TPVB and ICNB groups as compared to the control group, with a mean difference of 57.5 (P < 0.001) and 40.3 (P = 0.003), respectively. However, there was no difference between the TPVB and ICNB groups (P = 0.978). Both TPVB and ICNB reported significantly greater improvements in PHN incidence, EQ-5D-3L scores and rescue analgesic requirements during follow-up, as opposed to the control AVT. Shorter procedure time was observed in ICNB as compared to TPVB (16.47 ± 3.39 vs. 11.69 ± 2.58, P < 0.001). Conclusions Both US-guided TPVBs and ICNBs were effective for ZAP, and accounted for possible prophylaxis for PHN, as compared to AVT alone. The ICNB approach could be recommended as an alternative to conventional TPVB with a better consumed procedure time and side effect profile.

Background: This study aimed to compare the intercostal nerve block (ICNB) and thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for acute herpes zoster-associated pain (ZAP) and possible prophylaxis for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: This study enrolled 128 patients with ZAP. Their records were stratified into standard antiviral treatment (AVT) plus US-guided TPVB (the TPVB group), AVT plus US-guided ICNB (the ICNB group) or AVT alone (the control group). Herpes zoster (HZ)-related burden of illness (HZ-BOI) within the post-procedural 30 days was defined as the primary endpoint, determined by a composite of pain severity and follow-up duration. Procedure time, rescue analgesic requirement, PHN incidence, health-related quality of life and side effects were also recorded. Results: Significantly lower HZ-BOI-AUC 30 was reported in the TPVB and ICNB groups as compared to the control group, with a mean difference of 57.5 (P < 0.001) and 40.3 (P = 0.003), respectively. However, there was no difference between the TPVB and ICNB groups (P = 0.978). Both TPVB and ICNB reported significantly greater improvements in PHN incidence, EQ-5D-3L scores and rescue analgesic requirements during follow-up, as opposed to the control AVT. Shorter procedure time was observed in ICNB as compared to TPVB (16.47 ± 3.39 vs. 11.69 ± 2.58, P < 0.001). Conclusions Both US-guided TPVBs and ICNBs were effective for ZAP, and accounted for possible prophylaxis for PHN, as compared to AVT alone. The ICNB approach could be recommended as an alternative to conventional TPVB with a better consumed procedure time and side effect profile.

Background: This study aimed to compare the intercostal nerve block (ICNB) and thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for acute herpes zoster-associated pain (ZAP) and possible prophylaxis for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: This study enrolled 128 patients with ZAP. Their records were stratified into standard antiviral treatment (AVT) plus US-guided TPVB (the TPVB group), AVT plus US-guided ICNB (the ICNB group) or AVT alone (the control group). Herpes zoster (HZ)-related burden of illness (HZ-BOI) within the post-procedural 30 days was defined as the primary endpoint, determined by a composite of pain severity and follow-up duration. Procedure time, rescue analgesic requirement, PHN incidence, health-related quality of life and side effects were also recorded. Results: Significantly lower HZ-BOI-AUC 30 was reported in the TPVB and ICNB groups as compared to the control group, with a mean difference of 57.5 (P < 0.001) and 40.3 (P = 0.003), respectively. However, there was no difference between the TPVB and ICNB groups (P = 0.978). Both TPVB and ICNB reported significantly greater improvements in PHN incidence, EQ-5D-3L scores and rescue analgesic requirements during follow-up, as opposed to the control AVT. Shorter procedure time was observed in ICNB as compared to TPVB (16.47 ± 3.39 vs. 11.69 ± 2.58, P < 0.001). Conclusions Both US-guided TPVBs and ICNBs were effective for ZAP, and accounted for possible prophylaxis for PHN, as compared to AVT alone. The ICNB approach could be recommended as an alternative to conventional TPVB with a better consumed procedure time and side effect profile.

Background: This study aimed to compare the intercostal nerve block (ICNB) and thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for acute herpes zoster-associated pain (ZAP) and possible prophylaxis for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: This study enrolled 128 patients with ZAP. Their records were stratified into standard antiviral treatment (AVT) plus US-guided TPVB (the TPVB group), AVT plus US-guided ICNB (the ICNB group) or AVT alone (the control group). Herpes zoster (HZ)-related burden of illness (HZ-BOI) within the post-procedural 30 days was defined as the primary endpoint, determined by a composite of pain severity and follow-up duration. Procedure time, rescue analgesic requirement, PHN incidence, health-related quality of life and side effects were also recorded. Results: Significantly lower HZ-BOI-AUC 30 was reported in the TPVB and ICNB groups as compared to the control group, with a mean difference of 57.5 (P < 0.001) and 40.3 (P = 0.003), respectively. However, there was no difference between the TPVB and ICNB groups (P = 0.978). Both TPVB and ICNB reported significantly greater improvements in PHN incidence, EQ-5D-3L scores and rescue analgesic requirements during follow-up, as opposed to the control AVT. Shorter procedure time was observed in ICNB as compared to TPVB (16.47 ± 3.39 vs. 11.69 ± 2.58, P < 0.001). Conclusions Both US-guided TPVBs and ICNBs were effective for ZAP, and accounted for possible prophylaxis for PHN, as compared to AVT alone. The ICNB approach could be recommended as an alternative to conventional TPVB with a better consumed procedure time and side effect profile.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy between radiofrequency ablation(RFA)and pulmonary metastasectomy in the colorectal cancer(CRC)patients with lung metastases after radical resection. Methods:The clinical data of 80 CRC patients with lung metastases after radical resection were analyzed retrospectively,and were divided into the surgery group(33 cases)and the RFA group(47 cases)according to the local treatment.The overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)of the two groups were compared,as well as the prognostic factors of patients were analyzed. Results:The 3-year PFS and OS rates were 42.4％vs 31.9％and 75.8％vs 72.3％in the surgery group and the RFA group,respectively.There was no significant difference in PFS and OS between the two groups(P＞0.05).In multivariate analysis,maximum lung metastasis diameter,preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)level and history of extrapulmonary metastasis were independent factors influencing OS in the CRC patients with lung metastases after radical resection(P＜0.05).In addition,preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)level and history of extrapulmonary metastasis were also independent factors influencing PFS in the CRC patients with lung metastases after radical resection(P＜0.05). Conclusion:The short-term efficacy of RFA is comparable to that of pulmonary metastasectomy in the CRC patients with lung metastases after radical resection,and long-term follow-up studies are needed.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of serum surfactant protein concentration in predicting postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in the patients at moderate risk for PPCs undergoing abdominal surgery.Methods:Fifty-eight patients of both sexes, with the predicted ARISCAT score of 26-44 points, scheduled for elective abdominal gastrointestinal surgery, were studied.Central venous blood samples were collected before operation (T 0), at 30 min after extubation (T 1) and at 1 day after surgery (T 2) for determination of serum surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein B (SP-B) in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The occurrence of PPCs during the postoperative hospitalization was recorded.The patients were divided into PPCs group and non-PPCs group according to whether PPCs occurred. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the accuracy of serum SP-A and SP-B concentrations in predicting PPCs. Results:Compared with the baseline value at T 0, the serum SP-B concentrations were significantly increased at T 1 in group PPCs, and the concentrations of serum SP-A and SP-B were significantly decreased at T 2 in both groups ( P<0.05). The concentrations of serum SP-A and SP-B were significantly decreased at T 2 than at T 1 in both groups ( P<0.05). Compared with non-PPCs group, the serum concentrations of SP-A at T 0 and SP-B at T 1 were significantly increased in group PPCs ( P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum SP-B concentrations in predicting PPCs at T 1 was 0.908 (95% confidence interval 0.821-0.996), and the cut-off value was 26.3 ng/ml, sensitivity 0.90, and specificity 0.81. Conclusion:The accuracy of serum SP-B concentrations measured at 30 min after extubation in predicting PPCs is higher in the patients at moderate risk for PPCs undergoing abdominal surgery.

Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprints of compound Yinchen granules. Methods: The column was Agilent SB-C18(250 mm×4. 6 mm, 5 μm) and the mobile phase was acetonitrile (A)-0. 2% phosphoric acid solution (B) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1. The column temperature was 25℃. The detection wavelength switching technology was used in 180-mi-nute elution time. Results: The HPLC fingerprints of compound Yinchen granules were established. Twenty-two common peaks were confirmed, of which five peaks were identified and 18 peaks were assigned to each crude drug. The overall similarity of the fingerprints of 10 batches of samples was 0. 9 or more when compared with the control map. Conclusion: The fingerprints of compound Yinchen granules can provide reference for the overall quality control of compound Yinchen granules.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of pertussis in infants and children with persistent cough in Beijing during 2011-2016.Methods The eligible infants and children from over ten hospitals who were suspected to have pertussis from 2011 to 2016 were enrolled for detection.Nasopharyngeal secretions and blood samples were collected.Multiplex-PCR was performed for Bordetella pertussis and real-time PCR was performed for nucleic acid of Bordetella pertussis.Results A total of 1 318 eligible cases were enrolled,including 820 males and 498 females.Pertussis was detected positive in 534 cases,including 81.3％ (434/534) of B.pertussis positive cases and 31.8％ (170/534) of IgG positive cases.There were 13.1 ％ (70/534) had double positive for bacteria and antibodies.From 2011 to 2016,the enrolled patients were increased from 103 cases per year to 460 cases per year,and the test positive patients were increased from 29 cases to 194 cases.Among the pertussis patients,466 (87.3 ％) cases were younger than one year old.From the first quarter to the fourth quarter of the year,There were 65 cases,151 cases,205 cases,and 113 cases,respectively.In further analysis of the 268 cases from Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics,90.7％ of the patients who had whooping cough were scattered children;185 cases (69.0％) of the patients had not begun programmed immunization,71 cases (26.5％) did not complete programmed immunization and 12 cases (4.5％)completed the programmed immunization.Of all the inpatients,21.6％ were critical ill,0.8％ (2 cases) dead,and the remaining patients were recovered and discharged.Conclusions The prevalence of pertussis is increasing,especially in summer.Infants are the most susceptible population.Bordetella pertussis is one of the most important pathogen that can induce persistent and chronic cough.