Objective:To explore the role of eosinophil associated ribonuclease A family member 2 (Ear2) in the pathogenesis of lupus and its possible mechanisms involved in renal damage by conditional knockout of myeloid cells in mice.Methods:An Ear2 myeloid conditional knockout mouse model was constructed using CRISP/Cas9 technology, and PCR was applied to identify mice genotype. The experiment was divided into 3 groups: CKO+R848 group, control+R848 group, and control group. R848 (Resiquimod) was used to treat the knockout mice and homozygous control mice to evaluate the occurrence of lupus-like features. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) and its related inflammatory factors in the kidneys of mice. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the proportion of patrolling monocytes in the kidneys, and immunofluorescence was used to analyze the spatial distribution of Ear2 and PMOs in renal tissues. In addition, R848 was used to stimulate myeloid cells of conditional knockout (CKO) and control mice in vitro, with changes in the proportion of PMOs detected by flow cytometry. Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences between groups, t-test was used for two-by-two comparisons, and one-way analysis of ANOVA was used for comparisons between multiple groupscant. Results:PCR of myeloid conditioned knockout Ear2 mice showed a genotype of Lyz2 ki/wtEar2 fl/fl and significant down-regulation of Ear2 mRNA levels in bone marrow cells of the knockout mice [(1.03±0.26) vs. (0.22±0.15), t=6.65, P<0.001]. Compared with the control+R848 group, lupus related phenotype presentations of mice was improved and the survival rate tended to increase in the CKO+R848 group (6/10 vs. 7/8, χ2=1.51, P=0.220). The pathological results examination suggested that renal lesions of mice in the CKO+R848 group were also attenuated. The expression level of TLR7 was reduced in the renal tissues of CKO+R848 mice [(1.02±0.09) vs. (0.53±0.04), t=5.13, P=0.003], accompanied by a decrease in PMOs infiltration [(62.00±3.37)% vs. (52.36±0.68)%, t=2.80, P=0.023], and immunofluorescence results showed that Ear2 and PMOs were co-localized in renal tissues. In vitro, R848 stimulation caused an increase in the proportion of PMOs in the control group [(3.99±0.59)% vs. (33.48±1.38)%, t=-33.84, P<0.0001], yet had no effect on CKO mice [(14.33±1.72)% vs. (16.10±1.44)%, t=-1.37, P=0.220]. Conclusion:Conditional knockdown of Ear2 attenuates the development of lupus in mice, especially renal impairments, which is related to the inhibition of TLR7 pathway and reduction of local infiltration of PMOs.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among residents at ages of 40 years and older in Qidong City, Jiangsu Province, so as to provide insights into COPD prevention and control. Methods: Permanent residents at ages of 40 years and older were sampled using a multistage stratified random sampling method in Qidong City in 2020, and subjects' demographics, history of environmental contact, and medical and family history of respiratory disorders were collected. Pulmonary function test was performed, and the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio of <70% was defined as COPD. Factors affecting the prevalence of COPD were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 8 000 questionnaires were allocated, and 7 538 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.23%. The respondents included 3 104 men (41.18%) and 4 434 women (58.82%), and had a mean age of (62.40±14.68) years. The prevalence of COPD was 15.06%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male (OR=1.818, 95%CI: 1.712-1.940), age (50 to 59 years, OR=1.142, 95%CI: 1.111-1.181; 60 to 69 years, OR=1.176, 95%CI: 1.142-1.219; 70 to 79 years, OR=1.300, 95%CI: 1.249-1.361; 80 years and older, OR=1.582, 95%CI: 1.490-1.691), smoking (OR=3.760, 95%CI: 2.658-4.879), alcohol consumption (OR=1.213, 95%CI: 1.077-1.348), use of solid fuels (OR=1.676, 95%CI: 1.591-1.773), history of occupational exposure to dust (OR=1.859, 95%CI: 1.752-1.982), medical history of asthma or dyspnea (OR=2.068, 95%CI: 1.044-3.125) and frequency of persistent cough of more than four times annually (OR=1.225, 95%CI: 1.121-1.345) were statistically associated with the prevalence of COPD among residents at ages of 40 years and older in Qidong City. Conclusion The prevalence of COPD was 15.06%, and was associated with gender, age, smoking, use of solid fuels, occupational exposure to dusts, medical history of asthma or dyspnea and frequency of persistent cough among residents at ages of 40 years and older in Qidong City.

Objective: To understand the incidence and influencing factors of postoperative constipation in patients with malignant tumors who undergo oral and maxillofacial surgery and construct a constipation risk prediction model to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of postoperative constipation. Methods: The data of 191 patients who underwent oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery at the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Sun Yat sen University from June 2019 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The independent influencing factors were selected via univariate analysis and logistic multivariate regression analysis, a risk prediction nomogram was established, and the prediction model was evaluated by the area under the ROC curve. Both internal and external use the C index to verify the accuracy of the model. Results : Among 191 patients, 52 (27.23%) had postoperative constipation. Univariate analysis showed that a preoperative secret history of defecation, total energy intake, tracheotomy, smoking, drinking, operation duration, bleeding volume, bed time, eating homogenate diet, sex, surgical repair method, use of probiotics, T-stage of cancer and food intake may be the influencing factors of postoperative constipation in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that repair method, bed time and sex were independent risk factors for postoperative constipation in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors (P<0.05). The repair method was a fibular myocutaneous flap with a long bed time, and male patients were prone to constipation after surgery. The c-index values in the training group and the verification group were 0.882 and 0.953, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of the training group was 0.909 (95%CI: 0.850-0.968), and the area under the ROC curve of the verification group was 0.893 (95%CI: 0.787-0.999). The nomogram showed good discrimination ability. Conclusion The repair method, bed time and sex are independent risk factors for postoperative constipation in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors. The risk prediction model has good discrimination ability.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of verbascoside on hypoxia-induced memory impairment.Methods The eight-arm maze was used to train mice′s spatial memory ability.After successful training, mice were randomly divided into five groups:a normoxic control group (distilled water, 0.1ml/10g), hypoxic model group (distilled water, 0.1ml/10g), the verbascoside low dose group (50 mg/kg), medium dose group (150 mg/kg), and high dose group (300mg/kg) were administered orally once a day for a total of 7days.After administration on the fourth day, except for the normoxic control group was placed in the animal room (1 500m), the remaining four groups were placed in a large-scale hypobaric chamber to simulate the hypoxic environment of the plateau (7 500m, 3days).Eight-armed maze test (4 000m) was used and the plasma and brain tissues were dissected out and measured for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in plasma and brain.Results Compared with the normoxic control group, the indexes of the eight-armed maze, ROS and MDA in the brain, MDA in the plasma of the hypoxia model group were significantly increased, and the GSH and T-SOD enzyme activities in the brain and plasma were notably decreased.Compared with the hypoxic model group, the indexes of the eight-armed maze, ROS and MDA in the brain, MDA in the plasma in the various groups of verbascoside were reduced more or less, the GSH and T-SOD enzyme activities in the brain and plasma slightly were increased.Conclusion Verbascoside could ameliorate the hypoxic memory impairment at high altitude, which might be related to the stabilization of the body′s antioxidant enzyme system balance and

Objective To study the incidence of lactase deficiency and the risk factors affecting intestinal lactase secretion in newborns with lactase deficiency.Method From February to December 2016,newborns admitted to the neonatal ward of the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University were enrolled in this prospective study.Urine samples were taken within one to two hours after feeding for galactose qualitative tests,and the related clinical data were recorded.The newborns were assigned into lactase deficient group and non-lactase deficient group according to the test results.Then the risk factors of lactase deficiency were analyzed comparing the clinical data between the two groups.Result A total of 1 022 newborns were hospitalized during the research period,of whom 213 were enrolled in this study according to the inclusion criteria.154 cases had positive results in the urine galactose qualitative tests,yielding the incidence of lactase deficiency of 72.3 ％.42 cases had lactose intolerance symptoms,and the incidence of lactose intolerance was 27.3 ％ (42/154).Age and positive family history in lactase deficient group were higher than non-lactase deficient group (10.3 ±6.4 d vs.8.1 ±5.8 d and 23.4％ vs.10.2％),while the gestational age of lactase deficient group was lower than non-lactase deficient group (37.8 ±2.9 weeks vs.39.0 ± 1.7 weeks),and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).No significant differences existed in gender,birth weight,antibiotics use and feeding volumes between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR =1.065,95％CI 1.007 ～ 1.127) and positive family history (OR =2.912,95％ CI 1.053 ～ 8.056) were the risk factors of lactase deficiency.Gestational age (OR =0.747,95％ CI 0.617 ～ 0.904) was the protective factor of lactase deficiency in newborns.Conclusion The incidence of lactase deficiency in newborns is high,but not all the newborns manifest lactose intolerance symptoms.Age and positive family history were the risk factors while gestational age was the protective factor for lactase deficiency in newborns.

A new caffeate compound, (E)-erythro-syringylglyceryl caffeate (1), was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys chinensis Batal., together with nine known phenolic compounds, including (+)-licarin A (2), naringenin 4', 7-dimethyl ether (3), pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside (4), caraphenol A (5), Z-miyabenol C (6), protocatechuic acid (7), caffeic acid (8), gallic acid (9) and vanillic acid (10). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, this is the first report of compounds 2, 5 and 6 from Nardostachys genus.

Objective To investigate the mRNA and protein expression of somatostatin receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma HCCLM3 cell lines and to explore the mechanism by which somatostatin effects on hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods RT-PCR., immunocytochemistry and MTT were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of somatostatin receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and evaluate the antiproliferative effect of somatostatin. Results The effect of somatostatin on the cellular proliferation was verified. Immunocytochemistry study revealed a mainly intracellular distribution of all SSTRs with unique patterns for each of them. mRNA expression of all 5 subtypes of somatostatin receptors was different, SSTR2 and SSTR1 mRNA expressions were significantly higher than SSTR3, SSTR4 and SSTR5 ( P