Objective:To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at different frequencies on learning and memory abilities in rats during the early recovery phase of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Method:Successfully modelled MCAO rats were randomly divided into the model group,low-frequency group,high-frequency group,and sham-operated group was set up at the same time,with 12 rats in each group. The low-frequency group and high-frequency group were stimulated with a CCY-I transcranial magnetic stimulator 2 times/day for 14d;the low-frequency group was treated with 1Hz at the left prefrontal lobe of the rat's skull,and the high-frequency group was treated with 10Hz at the right prefrontal lobe. The model group and the sham-operated group were not treated but were subjected to the same conditions of handling and re-straint before returning to their cages. Neurobehavioral scores were recorded on the 1st and 14th day after the operation;the Morris water maze test was conducted on day 3—7 after the operation;TTC staining,PCR and Western blot to detect the mRNA and protein expression of key genes (Notch1,Hes1,Hes5) were performed at the end of the intervention on the 14th postoperative day. Result:①Neurological deficit scores:After 14 days of intervention,both the high-frequency and low-frequency groups showed a reduction in neurofunctional compared to the model group (P<0.05),with no significant dif-ference between the model group and high-frequency group (P>0.05). ②Morris water maze experiment:The av-erage escape latency during the directional navigation experiment was significantly reduced day by day in the low frequency group,high frequency group and sham operation group (P<0.05). The escape latency was short-er in the high-frequency group compared to the model group,and shorter in the low-frequency group com-pared to the high-frequency group (P<0.05). The number of platform crossings in the spatial exploration experi-ment showed no significant difference between low frequency group and sham operation group,high frequency group and model group (P>0.05). The high-frequency group and the model group had fewer crossing than the sham operation group,and the low-frequency group had more than the model group and high-frequency group (P<0.05). ③TTC staining:The infarct size in the low-frequency group and high-frequency group was signifi-cantly smaller than in the model group. ④PCR and Western blot:Compared to the model group,the high fre-quency group and the low frequency group had significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of Notch1,Hes1 and Hes5 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of Notch1,Hes1 and Hes5 between the low frequency group and high frequency group (P>0.05).Conclusion:Both high and low frequency rTMS can improve the learning and memory abilities in MCAO rats,potentially by activating and increasing the expression of the Notch1 pathway in hippocampal tissues,which improves the synaptic plasticity of hippocampus.

Objective:To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at different frequencies on learning and memory abilities in rats during the early recovery phase of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Method:Successfully modelled MCAO rats were randomly divided into the model group,low-frequency group,high-frequency group,and sham-operated group was set up at the same time,with 12 rats in each group. The low-frequency group and high-frequency group were stimulated with a CCY-I transcranial magnetic stimulator 2 times/day for 14d;the low-frequency group was treated with 1Hz at the left prefrontal lobe of the rat's skull,and the high-frequency group was treated with 10Hz at the right prefrontal lobe. The model group and the sham-operated group were not treated but were subjected to the same conditions of handling and re-straint before returning to their cages. Neurobehavioral scores were recorded on the 1st and 14th day after the operation;the Morris water maze test was conducted on day 3—7 after the operation;TTC staining,PCR and Western blot to detect the mRNA and protein expression of key genes (Notch1,Hes1,Hes5) were performed at the end of the intervention on the 14th postoperative day. Result:①Neurological deficit scores:After 14 days of intervention,both the high-frequency and low-frequency groups showed a reduction in neurofunctional compared to the model group (P<0.05),with no significant dif-ference between the model group and high-frequency group (P>0.05). ②Morris water maze experiment:The av-erage escape latency during the directional navigation experiment was significantly reduced day by day in the low frequency group,high frequency group and sham operation group (P<0.05). The escape latency was short-er in the high-frequency group compared to the model group,and shorter in the low-frequency group com-pared to the high-frequency group (P<0.05). The number of platform crossings in the spatial exploration experi-ment showed no significant difference between low frequency group and sham operation group,high frequency group and model group (P>0.05). The high-frequency group and the model group had fewer crossing than the sham operation group,and the low-frequency group had more than the model group and high-frequency group (P<0.05). ③TTC staining:The infarct size in the low-frequency group and high-frequency group was signifi-cantly smaller than in the model group. ④PCR and Western blot:Compared to the model group,the high fre-quency group and the low frequency group had significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of Notch1,Hes1 and Hes5 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of Notch1,Hes1 and Hes5 between the low frequency group and high frequency group (P>0.05).Conclusion:Both high and low frequency rTMS can improve the learning and memory abilities in MCAO rats,potentially by activating and increasing the expression of the Notch1 pathway in hippocampal tissues,which improves the synaptic plasticity of hippocampus.

OBJECTIVE: To construct the differential expression profile of microRNA (miRNA) in plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explore the possibility of using miRNA as the target for diagnosis and treatment of T2DM. METHODS: Agilent miRNA microarray was used to determine the expression profiles of miRNA in the plasma of patients with T2DM (FC> 2, P< 0.05). The result was verified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Candidate miRNA was analyzed by bioinformatic tools. RESULTS: In total 122 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. Among these, 14 were selected by multi-source intersection screening, which included 5 up-regulated genes and 9 down regulated genes. RT-qPCR showed that the expression of hsa-miR-185-5p and hsa-miR-328-5p have significantly increased in T2DM patients (P< 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis suggested that these miRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM through insulin secretion and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Differential expression of hsa-miR-185-5p and hsa-miR-328-5p in the plasma may be closely associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM.
Computational Biology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics* ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of criminal fold priority separating (CFPS) in reduction of iatrogenic splenic injury in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.

METHODSComplete videos of 270 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine were reviewed. Anatomic features of criminal fold (CF) were summarized. The relationship between CFPS and iatrogenic splenic injury was examined. CF was defined as the ligament between omentum and spleen. CFPS was defined as that CF was separated before the left half gastrocolic omentum was dissected. Splenic injury was further compared between CFPS group and non-CFPS group.

RESULTSCF occurred in 81.5% cases (220/270), presenting one bunch or multiple bunches. CF appeared most commonly in the lower pole of spleen (76.7%, 207/270), then in middle spleen (14.1%, 38/270) and upper pole (9.6%, 26/270). CFPS was performed in 20% cases (54/270) and 80% cases (216/270) were non-CFPS. The incidence of iatrogenic splenic injury was 11.1% (30/270), and this incidence of CFPS group was lower as compared to non-CFPS group (3.7%, 2/54 vs. 13.0%, 28/216), but the difference was not significant (P=0.07). Of 30 patients with splenic injury, 24(80%) were due to traction of CF and all were in non-CFPS group. Instrument injury occurred in 20% cases(6/30) and 2 were in CFPS group and 4 were in non-CFPS group. Most iatrogenic splenic injuries were successfully handled with electrocoagulation, adhesive and compression, except 2 patients underwent open splenectomy for serious splenic injury in non-CFPS group.

CONCLUSIONIn laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer, iatrogenic splenic injury mostly results from improper traction of CF and CFPS can reduce the incidence of iatrogenic splenic injury.

Objective To find out the dietary patterns and explore the relationship between environmental factors (especially dietary patterns) and diabetes mellitus in the adults of Fujian.Methods Multi-stage sampling method were used to survey residents aged ≥18 years by questionnaire,physical examination and laboratory detection in 10 disease surveillance points in Fujian.Factor analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns,while logistic regression model was applied to analyze relationship between dietary patterns and diabetes mellitus,and classification tree model was adopted to identify the influencing factors for diabetes mellitus.Results There were four dietary patterns in the population,including meat,plant,high-quality protein,and fried food and beverages patterns.The result of logistic analysis showed that plant pattern,which has higher factor loading of fresh fruit-vegetables and cereal-tubers,was a protective factor for non-diabetes mellitus.The risk of diabetes mellitus in the population at T2 and T3 levels of factor score were 0.727 (95％CI:0.561-0.943) times and 0.736 (95％ CI:0.573-0.944) times higher,respectively,than those whose factor score was in lowest quartile.Thirteen influencing factors and eleven group at high-risk for diabetes mellitus were identified by classification tree model.The influencing factors were dyslipidemia,age,family history of diabetes,hypertension,physical activity,career,sex,sedentary time,abdominal adiposity,BMI,marital status,sleep time and high-quality protein pattern.Conclusion There is a close association between dietary patterns and diabetes mellitus.It is necessary to promote healthy and reasonable diet,strengthen the monitoring and control of blood lipids,blood pressure and body weight,and have good lifestyle for the prevention and control of diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVEA Dengue outbreak was reported in Dongfen town Jianou county, Fujian province on September 19, 2014. The goal of this project was to explore the role of syndromic surveillance program in the practice of early detection on disease outbreak through the case mentioned above.

METHODSThe authors retrospectively collected data related to Outpatient log and Pharmacy drug use in Dongfen township hospital through the electronic information system of the hospital from August to November, 2014. All the abnormal events were recorded, according to related data on fever and drug use. Description of fever, syndromic characteristics, correlation and Linear regression analyses were conducted, using the surveillance data on fever syndrome and drug use from the pharmacy.

RESULTSA total of 1 102 cases with fever and 2 437 fever-related clinic visits were reported which showing an increased number of 19.6, 10.2 times respectively, when compared to the same period of the previous year in which men accounted for 45.3% (499/1 102) and female accounted for 54.7% (603/1 102). Age groups presented an atypical type " M" type. 5 and 10 year olds groups formed the largest proportion, accounted for 11.5% (127/1 102) of the total number os the patients. The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.85 to 0.97 (P<0.05). Data from the syndromic surveillance program showed an " outbreak" was occured in August 23, 2014.

CONCLUSIONSCompared to routine surveillance program, the syndromic surveillance program could detect the appearence of an outbreak, a month or even more earlier. The role of syndromic surveillance program needs to be further explored.

Data Collection ; Dengue ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Disease Outbreaks ; prevention & control ; Drug Prescriptions ; statistics & numerical data ; Drug Utilization ; statistics & numerical data ; trends ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; etiology ; Health Information Systems ; Humans ; Male ; Pharmacy Service, Hospital ; Population Surveillance ; methods ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate the anesthetic management of perventricular closure of ventricular septal defects (VSD) under transesophageal echocardiography. Methods A retrospective review of the clinical data of 52 children who underwent perventricular closure of VSD under transesophageal echocardiography were analyzed. All the children were performed tracheal intubation under general anesthesia, and the electrocardiogram, pulse blood oxygen saturation, invasive arterial pressure, central venous pressure, end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure, temperature and urine output were continuously monitored throughout the procedure. The transesophageal echocardiography was necessary for guiding transcatheter or per-ventricular device placement. Results Perventricular closure of VSD was successfully completed in 51 children under transesophageal echocardiography, the operation time was (76.7 ± 36.4) min, the anesthesia time was (89.5 ± 27.1) min; 1 child was converted to open surgical repair. Conclusions The intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography technology is the key to the success of the surgery. At the same time of analgesia and sedation, the anesthesia doctor needs to pay attention to the changes of hemodynamics in children.

Objective To establish a Chinese hamster model of babesia infection, to find the changing pattern of organs and biochemical parameters in Chinese hamster infected with Babesia, and to promote the detection and treatment of babesiosis.Methods Healthy 5-week old Chinese hamsters were infected by intraperitoneal injection of blood containing Babesia.Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 23, 30, and 37 days after infection from 5 hamsters at each time point.Blood smears were prepared to detect the parasites using Giemsa staining.ELISA assay was employed to test the IL-2 concentration.The blood biochemical indexes were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer.DNA was extracted from the whole blood and REAL-TIME RCR was performed to determine the reproduction of Babesia.Aftert the animals were sacrificed, the heart, lung, spleen, liver, and kidney were taken to analyze the changes of organ coefficients.Results The highest level of Babesia in the hamsters occurred on day 4 after the Babesia injection, and then showing a decreasing tendency.However, there was a transient increase on the 12th day after infection.The liver and spleen displayed most extensive response to the infection showing hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, but the variation of heart and kidneys coefficients was within the norm.There were prominent changes of blood cells, especially leucocytes, with two peaks at day 10 and 23 after the Babesia infection.The peak changes of blood biochemical indexes occurred at day 12 after infection.The concentration of serum IL-2 reached a peak on the 10th day after infection.Conclusions The Chinese hamsters display typical characteristics of tick-borne diseases such as hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.The immunological system is activated along with the infection and reaches a highest stage in the second week.Afterwards the Babesia can live in the hamster body for a long period of time.The results of this study provide useful information supporting further studies on the detection, treatment and prevention of Babesiosis.

Objective To investigate the impact of emotional resilience training upon psychological safety of undergraduate nursing interns.Methods 85 undergraduate nursing interns were recruited and divided into control group (n =42)and observation group (n =43)randomly from June of 2014 to April of 2015.Both groups of interns conducted routine practice,while interns in observation groups received emotional resilience training additionally.Psychological safety alterations of the interns from both groups were compared after the intervention.Results Before the intervention,there was no significant difference of the overall scores and scores of each dimension in psychological safety between the two groups of nursing interns (P >0.05).The scores of certainty of control,interpersonal security,psychological safety of nursing interns in observation group after intervention were (28.24 ±4.89),(31.36 ±5.27),(59.60 ±8.32),all higher than that of nursing interns in control group:(20.88 ±2.95 ),(22.16 ±3.25 ),(43.04 ±6.17)with significant differences (t =-3.125,-3.395, -3.592;P <0.05 ).Conclusions Emotional resilience training can improve the psychological safety of undergraduate nursing interns effectively.

Objective To explore the influence of scaffolding instruction on improvement of professional self-concept for undergraduate nursing students in clinical practice.Methods 90 nursing students from 176 undergraduate nursing students were randomly sampled,and were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 45 students in each group.The experimental group took routine clinical practice and scaffolding instruction,students of the control group took routine clinical practice.After 1 week and 6 months,professional self-concept of the students of the two groups was measured by questionnaire.Results There were significant improvement in leadership ability,professional skills,flexibility,satisfaction,communication in the experimental group after 6 months,but this improvement was not found in the control group and after 1 week in both groups.Conclusions Scaffolding instruction can effectively improve professional self-concept for undergraduate nursing students in praxis.