Objective To explore the clinical effect of stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)combined with dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer cell(DC-CIK)immunotherapy in the treatment of centrally-located locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer(LA-NSCLC).Methods A total of 113 patients with centrally-located LA-NSCLC admitted from January 2022 to March 2024 were divided into the observation group(n=56)and the control group(n=57)by using the random number table method.The observation group was treated with SBRT combined with DC-CIK immunotherapy,while the control group was treated with SBRT.The clinical efficacy of the two groups after treatment,as well as the levels of tumor markers,immune function indicators and inflammatory indicators before and after treatment,was compared.The adverse reactions during the treatment period and the short-term survival during the 12-month follow-up of the two groups were recorded.Results Compared with the control group,both objective response rate and disease control rate of the observation group were higher(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen,cytokeratin 19 fragment and cancer antigen 125 in both groups were lower than those before treatment,and lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).After treatment,the levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+in the control group were lower than those before treatment,while the level of CD8+was higher than that before treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the observation group were higher than those before treatment and also higher than those in the control group,while the level of CD8+was lower than that before treatment and also lower than that in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).After treatment,the interferon-γ level in the observation group was higher than that before treatment and also higher than that in the control group,while the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were lower than those before treatment and also lower than those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during the treatment period(P>0.05).The overall survival rate of the observation group at 12-month follow-up was higher,and the median survival time was longer,as compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion SBRT combined with DC-CIK immunotherapy has a definite effect in the treatment of patients with centrally-located LA-NSCLC.It can significantly improve the immune function of patients,reduce the levels of tumor markers,alleviate inflammatory responses,increase short-term survival rates,prolong survival time,and does not significantly increase adverse reactions,offering good safety and reliability.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the treatment of chronic constipation, with high-quality studies emerging in areas such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), sacral neuromodulation (SNM), acupuncture, and surgical techniques. The therapeutic approach is shifting from a traditional "medication and surgery" model toward an integrated strategy that includes dietary and defecation habit adjustment, FMT, SNM, acupuncture, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. Although FMT can partially improve stool frequency and consistency, its standardization and long-term efficacy require further validation. SNM demonstrates limited effectiveness in treating chronic constipation and is relatively cost-inefficient. Electroacupuncture remains controversial, though some studies support its value. Biofeedback therapy is recommended by multiple guidelines as the first-line treatment for dyssynergic defecation (DD), with portable home-based biofeedback systems showing considerable potential. For internal rectal prolapse (IRP) and rectocele (RC), various surgical options exist without a clear superiority, though laparoscopic ventral rectopexy (VMR) is increasingly favored due to its low recurrence rate and high patient satisfaction. In the surgical management of slow transit constipation (STC), total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis remains the mainstream approach, while subtotal colectomy is gaining attention as an alternative.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the treatment of chronic constipation, with high-quality studies emerging in areas such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), sacral neuromodulation (SNM), acupuncture, and surgical techniques. The therapeutic approach is shifting from a traditional "medication and surgery" model toward an integrated strategy that includes dietary and defecation habit adjustment, FMT, SNM, acupuncture, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. Although FMT can partially improve stool frequency and consistency, its standardization and long-term efficacy require further validation. SNM demonstrates limited effectiveness in treating chronic constipation and is relatively cost-inefficient. Electroacupuncture remains controversial, though some studies support its value. Biofeedback therapy is recommended by multiple guidelines as the first-line treatment for dyssynergic defecation (DD), with portable home-based biofeedback systems showing considerable potential. For internal rectal prolapse (IRP) and rectocele (RC), various surgical options exist without a clear superiority, though laparoscopic ventral rectopexy (VMR) is increasingly favored due to its low recurrence rate and high patient satisfaction. In the surgical management of slow transit constipation (STC), total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis remains the mainstream approach, while subtotal colectomy is gaining attention as an alternative.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)combined with dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer cell(DC-CIK)immunotherapy in the treatment of centrally-located locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer(LA-NSCLC).Methods A total of 113 patients with centrally-located LA-NSCLC admitted from January 2022 to March 2024 were divided into the observation group(n=56)and the control group(n=57)by using the random number table method.The observation group was treated with SBRT combined with DC-CIK immunotherapy,while the control group was treated with SBRT.The clinical efficacy of the two groups after treatment,as well as the levels of tumor markers,immune function indicators and inflammatory indicators before and after treatment,was compared.The adverse reactions during the treatment period and the short-term survival during the 12-month follow-up of the two groups were recorded.Results Compared with the control group,both objective response rate and disease control rate of the observation group were higher(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen,cytokeratin 19 fragment and cancer antigen 125 in both groups were lower than those before treatment,and lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).After treatment,the levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+in the control group were lower than those before treatment,while the level of CD8+was higher than that before treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the observation group were higher than those before treatment and also higher than those in the control group,while the level of CD8+was lower than that before treatment and also lower than that in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).After treatment,the interferon-γ level in the observation group was higher than that before treatment and also higher than that in the control group,while the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were lower than those before treatment and also lower than those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during the treatment period(P>0.05).The overall survival rate of the observation group at 12-month follow-up was higher,and the median survival time was longer,as compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion SBRT combined with DC-CIK immunotherapy has a definite effect in the treatment of patients with centrally-located LA-NSCLC.It can significantly improve the immune function of patients,reduce the levels of tumor markers,alleviate inflammatory responses,increase short-term survival rates,prolong survival time,and does not significantly increase adverse reactions,offering good safety and reliability.

Objective: To introduce a combined operation for treating chronical peroneal tendon dislocation and to evalu-ate the clinical outcomes of patients. Methods: Data of 12 ankles in 12 patients (male 9, female 3) with chronical peroneal ten-don dislocation who underwent the fibular groove deepening procedure with transposition of the peroneal longus muscle from June 2006 to August 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age was 24.6±4.3 years (range, 18-34 years), and there were 3 cas-es on left side, 9 on right side. The mechanism of peroneal tendon injury consisted of sports injuries in 8 and sprains in 4. There were 8 cases of flat fibula sulcus and 4 cases of convex. All patients met the inclusion criteria of a painful snapping or popping sen-sation or palpable clicking and positive provocation maneuver and without fracture and were treated with peroneal sulcus deepen-ing and peroneal longus tendon transposition. The duration of preoperative popping and pain symptoms ranged from 12 to 23 weeks, with an average of 16.9±4.0 weeks. All cases were treated conservatively 3-4 weeks before operation and were not effec-tive. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale, visual anologue scale (VAS). Results: Twelve patients were followed up with an average period of 37.3±7.0 (range, 25-50) months. The mean VAS scale score of all patients reduced from 5.6±0.9 to 0.5±0.7 at the latest follow-up. The mean AOFAS scale score improved from 61.4±5.6 to 92.6±4.2 at the latest follow-up. The difference between preoperative and postoperative was statis-tically significant. (t=16.250,-18.475; P=0.000). According to the evaluation of symptom and function scoring system, 10 cases were excellent and 2 cases were good, with an excellent rate of 100%. The mean postoperative return-sport time was 26.42±3.06 weeks (range, 23-32 weeks). All patients healed primarily and no infection, skin necrosis and residual redislocation occurred. The osteotomy healed completely without displacement, which was confirmed by imaging examination in three months postoperation. No patients had intractable pain after surgery, and they were able to perform daily activities at 3 months and physical exercise at 6 months after surgery. No slip occurred in all patients at the latest follow-up. Conclusion The fibular groove deepening procedure with transposition of the peroneal longus muscle can effectively treat chronical peroneal tendon dislocation and obtain good medi-um-term results.

Objective To analyze and compare epidemiological characteristics of adult single metatarsal fractures between the east and west areas in China from 2010 through 2011.Methods Thirty-five hospitals in the east area (group A) and 28 hospitals in the west area (group B) participated in this epidemiological investigation of adult single metatarsal fractures treated from January 2010 through December 2011.Data concerning gender,age and fracture location and type were documented and compared between groups A and group B.Results There were 4,779 fractures in group A and 1,708 in group B,accounting for 21.28％ (4,779/22,455) and 26.88％ (1,708/6,354) of the adult foot fractures,and 2.48％ (4,779/192,991) and 2.10％ (1,708/81,143) of all the adult fractures,respectively,showing significant differences between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of male to female was 1.21:1 in group A and 1.48:1 in group B,showing a significant difference (x2 =11.768,P =0.001).The median age of group A (43 years) was significantly older than that of group B (40 years) (Z =-6.275,P ＜ 0.001).The proportions of the patients aged from 21 to 30 years (19.02％) and of those aged from 31 to 40 years (18.62％) in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (22.66％ and 21.60％),but the proportion of the patients aged from 51 to 60 years in group A (21.09％) was significantly higher than that in group B (14.64 ％) (P ＜ 0.05).The proportions of type 87-A (40.18％) and type 87-C (5.52％) in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (44.38％ and 8.20％),but the proportion of type 87-B in group A (54.30％) was significantly higher than that in group B (47.42％) (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the distribution of fracture locations (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The most common single metatarsal fracture was that of the fifth metatarsal bone and the fractures of proximal metatarsal bone accounted for the largest proportion in both the cast and west areas.The west area had higher proportions of male patients and single metatarsal fracture than the east area.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features and trends of humeral intercondylar fractures at our hospital from 2003 through 2012.Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed of all the patients with humeral intercondylar fracture who had been treated between January 2003 and December 2012 at our institute.The patients' age,gender,fracture site and AO classification were documented.The data between 2003 and 2007 were classified as group A while the data between 2008 and 2012 as group B.The epidemiological characteristics during the 10 years concerning age,gender and fracture type were compared between the 2 groups.Results A total of 303 humeral intercondylar fractures were recorded,accounting for 5.29％ of the distal humeral fractures,3.39％ of the elbow fractures and 0.24％ of the total fractures at the same period.They involved 197 males and 106 females,with a male/female ratio of 1.86∶ 1.The high-risk age group was adolescent and middle-aged adults,accounting for 63.70％.The high-risk type was type 13-C2,accounting for 44.00％.There were 171 and 132 cases in group A and group B,accounting for 5.40％ and 5.17％ of the contemporary distal humeral fractures,3.72％ and 3.05％ of the contemporary elbow fractures,and 0.26％ and 0.22％ of all the contemporary fractures,respectively,showing no significant differences between the 2 groups(P ＞ 0.05).In groups A and B respectively,the male/female ratios were 1.44∶1 and 2.67∶ 1,the proportions of adolescents and the middle-aged 58.48％ and 70.45％,the proportions of type 13-C1 35.83％ and 18.10％,and the proportions of type 13-C3 14.17％ and 44.76％,showing significant differences between the 2 groups in all the above comparisons (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The humeral intercondylar fractures were common in the adolescent and middle-aged patients,with a male predominance (about twice more in males).Compared with the first five years,the latter 5 years witnessed increased proportions of males,adolescent and middle-aged patients,and type 13-C3 but a decreased proportion of type 13-C1.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features and trends of adult fractures at the base of the first metacarpal bone in The Third Mfiliated Hospital to Hebei Medical University from 2003 through 2012.Methods The data of human fractures treated between January 2003 to December 2012 at our hospital were collected through the PACS system and case reports checking system.Adult fractures at the base of the first metacarpal bone were included in the present study and assigned into 2 groups,group A containing the data between 2003 and 2007 and group B the data between 2008 and 2012.Comparison and analysis was done with analytic items of gender,age and fracture type.Results A total of 378 adult fractures at the base of the first metacarpal bone were included,accounting for 1.92％ of hand fractures and 0.35％ of the total adult fractures at the same period.The fractures involved 311 males (82.28％) and 67 females (17.72％).The youth group had 254 fractures with the highest constituent ratio (67.20％).The right side was involved in 286 cases (75.66％) and the left side in 92 (24.34％).There were 198 cases of extra-articular fracture with the highest constituent ratio (52.38％).Group A had 200 fractures,a male to female ratio of 6.14∶ 1,a median age of 34 years,the highest constituent ratio in youth (73.50％) and in type A1 fractures (53.50％);group B had 178 fractures,a male to female ratio of 3.56∶ 1,a median age of 40 years,the highest constituent ratio in youth (60.11％) and in type A1 fractures (51.12％).Compared with group A,group B had a higher constituent ratio of females,older ages,a higher constituent ratio of elderly patients,a lower constituent ratio of youth,and a lower constituent ratio of type C1 fractures.All these differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions During the 10 year,the adult fractures at the base of the first metacarpal bone accounted for 1.92％ of hand fractures and 0.35％ of the total adult fractures at the same period.The fractures occurred mostly in men and in the age range of 16 to 44 years.About 3/4 of them occurred on the right side.Compared with the first 5 years,the latter 5 years witnessed increasing trends of female and elderly patients and decreasing trends of young patients and type C1 fractures.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features and trends of adult carpal fractures at The Third Affiliated Hospital to Hebei Medical University from 2003 through 2012.Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed of all the adult patients with carpal fracture who had been treated between January 2003 and December 2012 at our institute.The patients' age,gender and fracture type were documented.The data between 2003 and 2007 were classified as group A while the data between 2008 and 2012 as group B.The epidemiological characteristics during the 10 years concerning age,gender and fracture type were compared between the 2 groups.Results A total of 1,181 carpal fractures were collected,accounting for 5.99％ (1,181/19,712) of the hand fractures and 1.10％ (1,181/107,648) of the total fractures in the same period.They involved 967 males and 214 females,with a male/female ratio of 4.52∶ 1.The high-risk age group was from 21 to 30 years (33.28％);the high-risk type was scaphoid fracture (72.99％).In group A of 453 cases,the male/female ratio was 6.68∶1,the median age 29 years and the high-risk type scaphoid fracture (83.89％).In group B of 728 cases,the male/female ratio was 3.70∶ 1,the median age 34 years and the high-risk type also scaphoid fracture (66.21％).Group B had a significantly lower male/female ratio,a significantly lower proportion of scaphoid fractures and a significantly older median age than group A (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In the 10 years at our institute,adult carpal fractures accounted for 5.99％ of the hand fractures and 1.10％ of the total fractures in the same period.They mostly occurred in males and during the age from 21 to 30 years.Of all the carpal bones,the scaphoid was the most often fractured.The latter 5 years witnessed significantly increased median age,proportion of females and proportion of scaphoid fractures compared with the former 5 years.

Objective To compare and analyze the epidemiological features of fractures at the base of the first metacarpal bone between East and West China.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of the patients with fracture at the base of the first metacarpal bone who had been treated from January 2010 to December 2011 in 63 hospitals in the east and west areas of China.The data from 35 hospitals in East China were classified as group A while the data from 28 hospitals in West China as group B.The analytic items included gender,age,age distribution and fracture classification.Results A total of 890 cases were collected.The total male/female ratio was 4.56∶ 1.The youth accounted for the highest proportion and the high-risk type of fracture was type Ⅲ (44.49％,396/890).The male/female ratio was 4.59∶1 in group A of 621 patients and 4.49∶1 in group B of 269 patients,showing no statistic between-group difference (P ＞ 0.05).The median age in group A was 39 years,significantly older than that in group B (35 years) (Z =-3.687,P ＜ 0.001).In both groups,the youth accounted for the highest proportion and there were more right-side fractures than left-side ones.Group A had a significantly lower proportion of the youth and a significantly higher proportion of the middle-aged than group B (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistic difference in proportions of the children and the aged (P ＞ 0.05).Type Ⅲ was the high-risk type in both groups;group A had significantly more fractures of type Ⅰ and significantly fewer fractures of type Ⅱ than group B (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistic difference in proportions of type Ⅲ and type Ⅳ between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Fractures at the base of the first metacarpal bone mostly occurred in the young males.There were more fractures at the right side than at the left side.The most frequent type was type Ⅲ.The proportion of type Ⅰ fractures in East China was higher than in West China while the proportion of type Ⅱ fractures in East China lower than in West China.