Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) require long-term pharmacotherapy. Due to the wide variety of clinically available drugs, medication safety has become increasingly concerning. As an indispensable component of pharmaceutical formulations, drug excipients may induce various adverse reactions, including rash, allergic responses, and gastrointestinal discomfort, and may even lead to severe organic injury. However, they are often overlooked in clinical practice. Therefore, identifying and managing excipient-related adverse reactions is crucial for ensuring medication safety. To address this issue, this article systematically reviews common excipients in IBD therapeutics, the underlying mechanisms of excipient-induced adverse reactions, and corresponding management strategies, aiming to enhance clinicians' awareness of excipient-related issues, improve their ability to recognize and manage such reactions, and ultimately ensure patient safety.

Objective This study aims to observe the impact of warm moxibustion on menstrual pain in college students with primary dysmenorrhea and explore its potential mechanism.Methods College students with primary dysmenorrhea were recruited and treated with warm moxibustion at Shenque acupoint for three consecutive menstrual cycles.Healthy subjects were also recruited for comparison.Pain scale,uterine artery hemodynamics,and related inflammatory factors were assessed before and after treatment.Results ①The results of scale study showed that the severity and duration of dysmenorrhea were gradually alleviated with the prolongation of treatment time through the analysis of variance of repeated measurements of the total scores of McGill pain inquiry scale and CMSS dysmenorrhea symptom scale before and after 3 treatments.The results of variance analysis and pairwise comparison of repeated measurements of PRI,VAS and PPI of McGill pain inquiry scale before and after 3 times treatment in warm moxibustion group also showed that each index decreased gradually with the prolongation of treatment time.The comparison of the scores of each item of CMSS scale showed that the severity and duration of low back before treatment were significantly different from those in the healthy group(P<0.001),but the difference was weakened after the third treatment.The severity of vomiting,the duration of vomiting,the severity of diarrhea and the duration of diarrhea were significantly different from those in the healthy group before treatment(P<0.001),but they were still higher than those in the healthy group after the third treatment.but the difference was not statistically significant.②Prior to treatment,PD college students exhibited significantly higher S/D and PI values on both sides compared to healthy subjects,with a statistically significant difference observed for PI on the left side(P<0.001).Following treatment,all aforementioned indexes decreased significantly,particularly PI on the left side which showed a significant difference from pre-treatment levels(P<0.001).③Before treatment,the levels of serum IL-1β,TNF-α,and CRP in PD college students were significantly higher compared to those in the healthy group.The difference in IL-1β level was statistically significant(P<0.001).After treatment,there was a noticeable decrease in the levels of IL-1β,TNF-α,and CRP.Specifically,IL-1β showed a significant reduction(P<0.01),and this time the comparison with the healthy group did not reveal any significant difference in IL-1β levels.Conclusion The application of warm moxibustion at the Shenque acupoint demonstrates a significant improvement in both the dysmenorrhea pain rating index and severity among college students with primary dysmenorrhea,while also alleviating the severity and duration of associated symptoms.These positive effects may be attributed to warm moxibustion's ability to enhance uterine microcirculation in individuals with primary dysmenorrhea,and ameliorating inflammatory conditions.

Objective This study aims to observe the impact of warm moxibustion on menstrual pain in college students with primary dysmenorrhea and explore its potential mechanism.Methods College students with primary dysmenorrhea were recruited and treated with warm moxibustion at Shenque acupoint for three consecutive menstrual cycles.Healthy subjects were also recruited for comparison.Pain scale,uterine artery hemodynamics,and related inflammatory factors were assessed before and after treatment.Results ①The results of scale study showed that the severity and duration of dysmenorrhea were gradually alleviated with the prolongation of treatment time through the analysis of variance of repeated measurements of the total scores of McGill pain inquiry scale and CMSS dysmenorrhea symptom scale before and after 3 treatments.The results of variance analysis and pairwise comparison of repeated measurements of PRI,VAS and PPI of McGill pain inquiry scale before and after 3 times treatment in warm moxibustion group also showed that each index decreased gradually with the prolongation of treatment time.The comparison of the scores of each item of CMSS scale showed that the severity and duration of low back before treatment were significantly different from those in the healthy group(P<0.001),but the difference was weakened after the third treatment.The severity of vomiting,the duration of vomiting,the severity of diarrhea and the duration of diarrhea were significantly different from those in the healthy group before treatment(P<0.001),but they were still higher than those in the healthy group after the third treatment.but the difference was not statistically significant.②Prior to treatment,PD college students exhibited significantly higher S/D and PI values on both sides compared to healthy subjects,with a statistically significant difference observed for PI on the left side(P<0.001).Following treatment,all aforementioned indexes decreased significantly,particularly PI on the left side which showed a significant difference from pre-treatment levels(P<0.001).③Before treatment,the levels of serum IL-1β,TNF-α,and CRP in PD college students were significantly higher compared to those in the healthy group.The difference in IL-1β level was statistically significant(P<0.001).After treatment,there was a noticeable decrease in the levels of IL-1β,TNF-α,and CRP.Specifically,IL-1β showed a significant reduction(P<0.01),and this time the comparison with the healthy group did not reveal any significant difference in IL-1β levels.Conclusion The application of warm moxibustion at the Shenque acupoint demonstrates a significant improvement in both the dysmenorrhea pain rating index and severity among college students with primary dysmenorrhea,while also alleviating the severity and duration of associated symptoms.These positive effects may be attributed to warm moxibustion's ability to enhance uterine microcirculation in individuals with primary dysmenorrhea,and ameliorating inflammatory conditions.

Upper urinary tract injury is one of the serious complications in patients with neurogenic bladder, which seriously affects the life health and quality of life of patients. Early identification of high-risk patients and active and timely intervention can prevent the occurrence of upper urinary tract injury.In this paper, we reviewed the risk factors and predictive tools of upper urinary tract injury in patients with neurogenic bladder, and introduced and compared the characteristics of different risk prediction tools. The aim is to provide ideas for the construction of a prediction tool with high clinical applicability and prediction accuracy, and provide a basis for the early identification of risk factors of upper urinary tract injury and taking preventive measures.

Upper urinary tract injury is one of the serious complications in patients with neurogenic bladder, which seriously affects the life health and quality of life of patients. Early identification of high-risk patients and active and timely intervention can prevent the occurrence of upper urinary tract injury.In this paper, we reviewed the risk factors and predictive tools of upper urinary tract injury in patients with neurogenic bladder, and introduced and compared the characteristics of different risk prediction tools. The aim is to provide ideas for the construction of a prediction tool with high clinical applicability and prediction accuracy, and provide a basis for the early identification of risk factors of upper urinary tract injury and taking preventive measures.

In response to the current situation and teaching status of the medical image processing course on the background of"new medical science",a teaching software which is highly compatible with the teaching process of medical image processing is developed.The teaching software allows for linear grayscale transformation,windowing display,scaling,rotation,mirroring,median filtering,differential sharpening,edge detection,histogram acquisition,and histogram equalization of medical images.Additionally,it enables parameter adjustments within a certain range for linear grayscale transformation,windowing display,scaling,rotation,median filtering,differential sharpening,and edge detection.Meanwhile,it employs different algorithms to achieve the scaling of medical images.The teaching software is used in the theoretical and experimental teaching of medical image processing courses at Baotou Medical College.It can improve students'initiative and enthusiasm in learning,strengthen their understanding of the examination points for radiology technicians,lay a solid foundation for subsequent courses,and ultimately achieve the goal of in-depth integration of"Medical Engineering"and"Medical Science"in the medical image technology major at Baotou Medical College under the background of"new medical science".

Objective:To evaluate myocardial microcirculation perfusion with myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to explore the prognostic value of different types of myocardial microcirculation perfusion.Methods:This is a prospective cohort study. Patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent successful PCI in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and Kanghua Hospital of Dongguan City from October 2019 to June 2021 were selected. All the enrolled patients completed MCE examination within 72 hours after PCI. According to the examination results, the patients were divided into normal microcirculation perfusion group, delayed microcirculation perfusion group, and blocked microcirculation perfusion group. Adverse cardiovascular events including all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and angina re-hospitalization were followed up, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) review results were collected at six months to one year after surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to investigate the difference in the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in different myocardial perfusion groups, and Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of myocardial perfusion on adverse cardiovascular events.Results:A total of 113 patients with acute myocardial infarction were included, aged (56.3±11.5) years, with 88(78%) males. There were 31 cases in the normal microcirculation perfusion group, 43 cases in the delayed microcirculation perfusion group and 39 cases in the blocked microcirculation perfusion group. LVEF was reviewed in 49 patients, and LVEF in the delayed microcirculation perfusion group was significantly improved compared with baseline at follow-up ((63.3±1.2) % vs. (58.6±1.8) %, P=0.043), and there was no statistically significant difference between the other two groups (all P>0.05). The median follow-up time was 473 days, during follow-up period 30 adverse cardiovascular events occurred. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events among the three groups ( Plog-rank=0.029). Cox regression analysis showed that abnormal microcirculation perfusion (defined as delayed and blocked microcirculation perfusion) was an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI ( HR=1.90, 95% CI1.16-3.12, P=0.011). Conclusions:Microcirculatory perfusion decrease or lost is common in patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI. Timely restoration of blood flow reconstruction can save heart function when microcirculatory perfusion decreases. Microcirculatory perfusion is a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction, and patients with poor myocardial perfusion are more likely to experience adverse cardiovascular events.

Background Some studies have found that exposure to heavy metals significantly increases the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and welding operators in automobile manufacturing enterprises are exposed to heavy metals in the working environment. Objective To analyze the prevalence and related factors of NAFLD in workers of an automobile company in Guangzhou. Methods From January 1 of 2023 to December 31 of 2023, 5463 workers of an automobile company in Guangzhou who participated in the physical examination in the Occupational Health Surveillance Centre of Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital were selected as research subjects. The general data, laboratory examinations, B-ultrasound examinations, and other data of the subjects were obtained through the physical examination system. The exposed occupational hazards were identified based on the workplace hazard surveillance report provided by the automotive company. Logistic regression was used to analyze potential influencing factors of NAFLD, and stratified analysis was used to adjust confounding factors according to the stepwise model to evaluate the relationship between exposure to manganese and its inorganic compounds and NAFLD. Results A total of 2129 cases (38.97%) were reported positive NAFLD. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that women had a lower risk of NAFLD (OR=0.40, 95%CI: 0.25, 0.64), while age > 25 years old (OR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.39, 1.60), body mass index (BMI) ≥24 kg·m⁻² (OR=7.54, 95%CI: 6.46, 8.79), and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR=4.87, 95%CI: 3.73, 6.36), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT) (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.17, 2.02), triglyceride (TG) (OR=3.47, 95%CI: 2.92, 4.14), and fasting blood glucose (OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.32, 2.20) associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. NAFLD was positive in 39.40% of heavy metal exposed workers (701/1779). NAFLD was positive in 45.19% of workers exposed to manganese and its inorganic compounds (169/374), and among workers over 34 years old, exposure to manganese and its inorganic compounds (OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.07, 2.97) significantly increased the prevalence of NAFLD. Conclusion The association between heavy metal exposure and NAFLD in workers of an automobile enterprise in Guangzhou is not significant, but age and gender are related to the prevalence of NAFLD. BMI, ALT, γ-GGT, TG, and fasting blood glucose are positively correlated with the prevalence of NAFLD. Exposure to manganese and its inorganic compounds in welding workers of the automobile enterprise is associated with elevated risk of the disease, and the prevalence of NAFLD is significantly increased in workers over 34 years old.

Objective To observe the effects of acupuncture at acupoints along the meridians on the expression of frontal lobe associated protein kinase in pchlorophenylalanine(PCPA)induced insomnia rats;To explore the mechanism of acupuncture in improving insomnia.Methods Totally 60 rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,sham acupuncture group,acupuncture group and Western medicine group,with 12 rats in each group.An insomnia model rat was induced by intraperitoneal injection of PCPA.The acupuncture group received acupuncture at"Baihui","Shenmen"(bilateral),and"Sanyinjiao"(bilateral),while the sham acupuncture group only fixed the needle at the corresponding acupoints but did not penetrate the skin,while the model group was only fixed for 30 minutes,the Western medicine group was given a solution of estazolam by gavage for 7 consecutive days,the blank group was not treated.The pentobarbital sodium reversal experiment was used to detect the sleep latency and sleep time of rats,ELISA was used to detect the content of melatonin(MT)in plasma,RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of calmodulin dependent protein kinase(CaMK)Ⅱ,protein kinase C(PKC)and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)in frontal lobe tissue,and Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of CaMKⅡ,PKC and p38MAPK in frontal lobe tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the sleep latency of the model group rats were significantly prolonged and the sleep time were significantly shortened(P<0.01),the content of MT in plasma was significantly reduced(P<0.01),and the mRNA and protein expressions of CaMKⅡ and PKC in frontal lobe tissue were significantly decreased(P<0.01),the mRNA and protein expressions of p38MAPK were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the sleep latency were significantly shortened and the sleep time were significantly prolonged in the acupuncture group and the Western medicine group(P<0.01),the plasma MT content significantly increased(P<0.01),the mRNA and protein expressions of CaMKⅡ and PKC in frontal lobe tissue significantly increased(P<0.05),and the mRNA and protein expression of p38MAPK significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the sham acupuncture group,the sleep latency shortened and sleep time were significantly prolonged in the acupuncture group and the Western medicine group(P<0.01),plasma MT content significantly increased(P<0.01),PKC mRNA expression in frontal lobe tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),and p38MAPK mRNA expression significantly decreased(P<0.01).There was no statistically difference in various indicators between the acupuncture group and the Western medicine group(P>0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at acupoints along the meridians can shorten the sleep latency and prolong sleep time,improve sleep status by regulating the expression of associated protein kinase in frontal lobe of insomnia rats.

L-theanine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on depression.However,whether L-theanine has an excellent preventive effect on depression in children and adolescents and what its mechanism is have not been well explained.Given the complexity of the pathogenesis of depression,this study investigated the preventive effect and mechanism of L-theanine on depression in juvenile rats by combining serum and hippocampal metabolomic strategies.Behavioral tests,hippocampal tissue sections,and serum and hippocampal biochemical indexes were studied,and the results confirmed the preventive effect of L-theanine.Untargeted reversed-phase liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spec-trometry and targeted hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spec-trometry were developed to analyze the metabolism changes in the serum and hippocampus to screen for potential biomarkers related to L-theanine treatment.The results suggested that 28 abnormal me-tabolites in the serum and hippocampus that were considered as potential biomarkers returned to near-normal levels after L-theanine administration.These biomarkers were involved in various metabolic pathways,mainly including amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism.The levels of amino acids and neurotransmitters in the phenylalanine,tryptophan,and glutamic acid pathways were significantly reduced after L-theanine administration compared with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced rats.In summary,L-theanine had a significant preventive effect on depression and achieved its preventive results on depression by regulating various aspects of the body,such as amino acids,lipids,and inflammation.This research systematically analyzed the mechanism of L-theanine in preventing depression and laid the foundation for applying L-theanine to prevent depression in children and adolescents.