This articles summarized the clinical experience of national TCM master Professor Yan Shiyun in using ointment prescriptions to treat chronic pharyngitis.Professor Yan Shiyun believes that the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pharyngitis are based on inflammation of the deficiency fire,with phlegm heat accumulation as the symptoms.Dysfunction of organs such as the liver,gallbladder,spleen and stomach,lungs and kidneys,as well as retention of wind pathogens,are also important pathological mechanisms.Based on the differentiation of Tibetan symptoms,the clinical approach advocates for a comprehensive understanding of the patients'condition,focusing on the core pathogenesis.The main treatment methods include regulating yin and yang,clearing phlegm and heat,regulating spleen and stomach,dispelling wind and clearing throat,and comprehensively considering other syndromes.The use of compound prescriptions for comprehensive treatment has shown significant therapeutic effects.The commonly used medicinal combination is Physalis Calyx Seu Fructus,Chebulae Fructus Immaturus and Arctii Fructus.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the correlation of cerebral perfusion and cognitive function status in patients with minor stroke(MS)or transient ischemic attack(TIA)complicated by severe intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion(hereafter referred to as ICAS-MSTIA).Methods Retrospectively enrol consecutive ICAS-MSTIA patients admitted to the Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,from June 2023 to May 2024.In the meantime,healthy controls were openly recruited.The ICAS-MSTIA patients were divided into two groups based on the side of intracranial large artery stenosis or occlusion:the left intracranial large artery involvement group and the right intracranial large artery involvement group.All patients with intracranial large artery stenosis or occlusion underwent MR scanning within 2 weeks after the first episode of TIA or MS,while there was no specific time requirement for MR examination in the healthy control group.On the day of MR scanning,the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale was used to evaluate the participants'global cognitive function and performance in various cognitive domains,including visuospatial/executive function,naming,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation.General information of all participants was collected,including age,sex,educational level,body mass index,and history of smoking and alcohol consumption.Clinical data were collected from both left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups,including cerebrovascular risk factors(such as,diabetes mellitus,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia),National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score at admission,responsible stenotic or occluded arteries(internal carotid artery,middle cerebral artery),degree of stenosis in the responsible vessel(severe stenosis[stenosis rate 70%-99%],occlusion[stenosis rate100%])and non-responsible vessel(no stenosis[0],mild stenosis[stenosis rate＞0-49%]),collateral circulation compensation(American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology[ASTIN/SIR]collateral circulation classification),and responsible events(TIA,MS).General data and MoCA scale scores were compared across the three groups,while clinical data were compared between the left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups.Statistical parametric mapping 12(SPM 12)was used to perform voxel-wise independent samples t-tests on cerebral blood flow(CBF)differences among the left ICAS-MSTIA group,right ICAS-MSTIA group,and healthy control group,with cluster-level family-wise error(FWE)correction applied for adjustment.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between global CBF values and total MoCA scores in ICAS-MSTIA patients with left or right intracranial large artery involvement.Results A total of 33 ICAS-MSTIA patients and 33 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Among the ICAS-MSTIA patients,21 had left intracranial large artery involvement and 12 had right involvement.(1)Among the three groups,statistically significant differences were observed in the proportions of individuals with reported smoking history(P=0.024)and alcohol consumption history(P=0.011).The left intracranial large artery involvement group had a higher NIHSS score(0[0,2]vs.0[0,0],P=0.044)and a higher proportion of patients with internal carotid artery involvement(13/21 cases vs.2/12 cases,P=0.027)compared with the right side group.No statistically significant differences were observed in other general or clinical data across the three groups or between the two non-control groups(all P＞0.05).(2)Statistically significant differences were found across the three groups in the MoCA scale total score and scores of visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation cognitive domains(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference was noted in the naming score(P=0.063).The left intracranial large artery involvement group had lower total MoCA score and lower scores in visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation in comparison to the healthy control group(all P＜0.016 7).The right intracranial large artery involvement group had significantly lower scores in language,abstraction,and orientation domains than the healthy control group(all P＜0.016 7).Additionally,the left side group had a lower attention domain score than the right side group(P＜0.016 7).No other statistically significant differences were found in pairwise comparisons(all P＞0.016 7).(3)Patients in both the left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups exhibited a significant decrease in CBF in extensive regions on the affected side,including the temporal lobe,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,and occipital lobe.Furthermore,after correction,in the left involvement group CBF was higher in the contralateral lingual gyrus,cuneus,and calcarine sulcus compared with the healthy control group(P＜0.05).While in the right involvement group,no regions had increased CBF compared to the healthy control group.(4)Multiple linear regression showed positive correlation between CBF in ipsilateral precentral gyrus and superior temporal gyrus,and the total MoCA score in patients with left intracranial large artery involvement(FWE-corrected,P＜0.05).In contrast,there was no correlation between CBF and total MoCA score in patients with right intracranial large artery involvement.Conclusions ICAS-MSTIA patients exhibited various degrees of impairment in cerebral perfusion and cognitive function.A significant positive correlation is observed between these two impairments in patients with left intracranial large artery involvement.

Objective:To evaluate the anti-reflux effect of digestive tract reconstruction using esophageal-tubular gastric asymmetric anastomosis after radical resection of esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer.Methods:The main steps were as follows:(1)oblique incision of the lower esophagus;(2)curved incision of the tubular anterior gastric wall;(3)the lower end of the esophagus was anastomosed to the tubular gastric incision with a 90-degree torsion; (4)The anterior wall of the anastomosis was reinforced with a transverse-inverted suture,the posterior wall with a folded suture,and the corners of the gastric stump were buried with sutures.The anastomosis operation time,postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were recorded;the reconstructed structure and anti-reflux effect of the anastomosis were observed by digestive tract radiography,gastroscopy and follow-up investigation.Results:The Department of Gastrointestinal and Thoracic Surgery of Huaian First People's Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, treated 5 patients of esophagogastric junction cancer and 20 esophageal cancer cases between August 2022 and November 2024, including 19 men and 6 women, with a mean age of (66.7±7.4) years. The mean anastomosis time was (35.4±5.9) minutes, the intraoperative blood loss was (117.6±33.4) ml and the mean postoperative hospital stay was(16.6±5.2) days, with no complications such as anastomotic leakage and bleeding. Postoperative digestive tract radiography (Trendelenburg position)showed that all the patients had no contrast reflux,gastroscopy showed no signs of reflux esophagitis and bile reflux gastritis, the anastomosis showed an inverted whiskers valve-like structure. The median follow-up time was (16.8±6.3) months, and all patients had no reflux symptoms such as acid reflux and belching,and no acid suppressive medication was needed.Conclusion:The esophageal-tubular gastric asymmetric anastomosis is a safe and effective antireflux reconstruction technique.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the correlation of cerebral perfusion and cognitive function status in patients with minor stroke(MS)or transient ischemic attack(TIA)complicated by severe intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion(hereafter referred to as ICAS-MSTIA).Methods Retrospectively enrol consecutive ICAS-MSTIA patients admitted to the Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,from June 2023 to May 2024.In the meantime,healthy controls were openly recruited.The ICAS-MSTIA patients were divided into two groups based on the side of intracranial large artery stenosis or occlusion:the left intracranial large artery involvement group and the right intracranial large artery involvement group.All patients with intracranial large artery stenosis or occlusion underwent MR scanning within 2 weeks after the first episode of TIA or MS,while there was no specific time requirement for MR examination in the healthy control group.On the day of MR scanning,the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale was used to evaluate the participants'global cognitive function and performance in various cognitive domains,including visuospatial/executive function,naming,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation.General information of all participants was collected,including age,sex,educational level,body mass index,and history of smoking and alcohol consumption.Clinical data were collected from both left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups,including cerebrovascular risk factors(such as,diabetes mellitus,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia),National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score at admission,responsible stenotic or occluded arteries(internal carotid artery,middle cerebral artery),degree of stenosis in the responsible vessel(severe stenosis[stenosis rate 70%-99%],occlusion[stenosis rate100%])and non-responsible vessel(no stenosis[0],mild stenosis[stenosis rate＞0-49%]),collateral circulation compensation(American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology[ASTIN/SIR]collateral circulation classification),and responsible events(TIA,MS).General data and MoCA scale scores were compared across the three groups,while clinical data were compared between the left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups.Statistical parametric mapping 12(SPM 12)was used to perform voxel-wise independent samples t-tests on cerebral blood flow(CBF)differences among the left ICAS-MSTIA group,right ICAS-MSTIA group,and healthy control group,with cluster-level family-wise error(FWE)correction applied for adjustment.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between global CBF values and total MoCA scores in ICAS-MSTIA patients with left or right intracranial large artery involvement.Results A total of 33 ICAS-MSTIA patients and 33 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Among the ICAS-MSTIA patients,21 had left intracranial large artery involvement and 12 had right involvement.(1)Among the three groups,statistically significant differences were observed in the proportions of individuals with reported smoking history(P=0.024)and alcohol consumption history(P=0.011).The left intracranial large artery involvement group had a higher NIHSS score(0[0,2]vs.0[0,0],P=0.044)and a higher proportion of patients with internal carotid artery involvement(13/21 cases vs.2/12 cases,P=0.027)compared with the right side group.No statistically significant differences were observed in other general or clinical data across the three groups or between the two non-control groups(all P＞0.05).(2)Statistically significant differences were found across the three groups in the MoCA scale total score and scores of visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation cognitive domains(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference was noted in the naming score(P=0.063).The left intracranial large artery involvement group had lower total MoCA score and lower scores in visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation in comparison to the healthy control group(all P＜0.016 7).The right intracranial large artery involvement group had significantly lower scores in language,abstraction,and orientation domains than the healthy control group(all P＜0.016 7).Additionally,the left side group had a lower attention domain score than the right side group(P＜0.016 7).No other statistically significant differences were found in pairwise comparisons(all P＞0.016 7).(3)Patients in both the left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups exhibited a significant decrease in CBF in extensive regions on the affected side,including the temporal lobe,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,and occipital lobe.Furthermore,after correction,in the left involvement group CBF was higher in the contralateral lingual gyrus,cuneus,and calcarine sulcus compared with the healthy control group(P＜0.05).While in the right involvement group,no regions had increased CBF compared to the healthy control group.(4)Multiple linear regression showed positive correlation between CBF in ipsilateral precentral gyrus and superior temporal gyrus,and the total MoCA score in patients with left intracranial large artery involvement(FWE-corrected,P＜0.05).In contrast,there was no correlation between CBF and total MoCA score in patients with right intracranial large artery involvement.Conclusions ICAS-MSTIA patients exhibited various degrees of impairment in cerebral perfusion and cognitive function.A significant positive correlation is observed between these two impairments in patients with left intracranial large artery involvement.

Objective:To evaluate the anti-reflux effect of digestive tract reconstruction using esophageal-tubular gastric asymmetric anastomosis after radical resection of esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer.Methods:The main steps were as follows:(1)oblique incision of the lower esophagus;(2)curved incision of the tubular anterior gastric wall;(3)the lower end of the esophagus was anastomosed to the tubular gastric incision with a 90-degree torsion; (4)The anterior wall of the anastomosis was reinforced with a transverse-inverted suture,the posterior wall with a folded suture,and the corners of the gastric stump were buried with sutures.The anastomosis operation time,postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were recorded;the reconstructed structure and anti-reflux effect of the anastomosis were observed by digestive tract radiography,gastroscopy and follow-up investigation.Results:The Department of Gastrointestinal and Thoracic Surgery of Huaian First People's Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, treated 5 patients of esophagogastric junction cancer and 20 esophageal cancer cases between August 2022 and November 2024, including 19 men and 6 women, with a mean age of (66.7±7.4) years. The mean anastomosis time was (35.4±5.9) minutes, the intraoperative blood loss was (117.6±33.4) ml and the mean postoperative hospital stay was(16.6±5.2) days, with no complications such as anastomotic leakage and bleeding. Postoperative digestive tract radiography (Trendelenburg position)showed that all the patients had no contrast reflux,gastroscopy showed no signs of reflux esophagitis and bile reflux gastritis, the anastomosis showed an inverted whiskers valve-like structure. The median follow-up time was (16.8±6.3) months, and all patients had no reflux symptoms such as acid reflux and belching,and no acid suppressive medication was needed.Conclusion:The esophageal-tubular gastric asymmetric anastomosis is a safe and effective antireflux reconstruction technique.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between albumin (Alb) combined with diuretic treatment and the mortality risk of septic patients with pre-existing congestive heart failure based on the United States Critical Care Medical Information Database-IV (MIMIC-IV), and to conduct the external validation. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of septic patients with pre-existing congestive heart failure admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from 2008 to 2019 in the MIMIC-IV 2.0 were extracted, including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory indicators on the first day of ICU admission, severity of illness, treatment measures, etc. For external validation, clinical data were collected from septic patients with pre-existing congestive heart failure admitted to the ICU of the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen from October 2022 to December 2023. The patients were divided into Alb alone group and Alb combined with diuretic group. The ICU mortality was defined as the primary outcome event, and the 30-day and 60-day mortality were defined as the secondary outcomes. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between Alb combined with diuretic treatment and the mortality risk of ICU and 30 days in septic patients with pre-existing congestive heart failure, and subgroup analysis was performed. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted to compared the 60-day cumulative survival rate between the Alb alone group and Alb combined with diuretic group. RESULTS: (1) Analysis results of data from MIMIC-IV: a total 1 754 patients were enrolled, of which 378 in the Alb alone group, and 1 376 in the Alb combined with diuretic group. Compared with the Alb alone group, the patients in the Alb combined with diuretic group had significantly lower ICU, 30-day, and 60-day mortality [ICU mortality: 19.11% (263/1 376) vs. 30.42% (115/378), 30-day mortality: 18.90% (260/1 376) vs. 32.54% (123/378), 60-day mortality: 24.49% (337/1 376) vs. 39.15% (148/378), all P < 0.05]. Based on the multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression adjusted models considering demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory indicators, severity of illness, and treatment measures, it was shown that the use of Alb combined with diuretic was significantly associated with a reduced risk death of ICU and 30 days [ICU mortality risk: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.597, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.460-0.774, P < 0.001; 30-day mortality risk: HR = 0.557, 95%CI was 0.433-0.716, P < 0.001]. Subgroup analysis revealed that after adjusting for variables, regardless of gender, age, and whether or not patients had comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, severe liver disease, acute renal insufficiency, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, the ICU mortality risk was significantly reduced in patients treated with Alb combined with diuretic (all HR < 1, P < 0.05), with no interaction observed (all P > 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed the 60-day cumulative survival rate of patients in the Alb combined with diuretic group was significantly higher than that in the Alb alone group (Log-rank test: χ ² = 49.62, P < 0.05). (2) External validation: a total of 385 patients were enrolled, of which 144 in the Alb alone group, and 241 in the Alb combined with diuretic group. Compared with the Alb alone group, the patients of the Alb combined with diuretic group had significantly lower ICU, 30-day, and 60-day mortality [ICU mortality: 19.92% (48/241) vs. 31.25% (45/144), 30-day mortality: 19.09% (46/241) vs. 28.47% (41/144), 60-day mortality: 24.07% (58/241) vs. 34.03% (49/144), all P < 0.05]. The results of multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis were consistent with the data analysis of the MIMIC-IV database. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy of Alb and diuretic was associated with reduced mortality risk in septic patients with pre-existing congestive heart failure.
Humans ; Heart Failure/mortality* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis/drug therapy* ; Intensive Care Units ; Diuretics/therapeutic use* ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Hospital Mortality

This articles summarized the clinical experience of national TCM master Professor Yan Shiyun in using ointment prescriptions to treat chronic pharyngitis.Professor Yan Shiyun believes that the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pharyngitis are based on inflammation of the deficiency fire,with phlegm heat accumulation as the symptoms.Dysfunction of organs such as the liver,gallbladder,spleen and stomach,lungs and kidneys,as well as retention of wind pathogens,are also important pathological mechanisms.Based on the differentiation of Tibetan symptoms,the clinical approach advocates for a comprehensive understanding of the patients'condition,focusing on the core pathogenesis.The main treatment methods include regulating yin and yang,clearing phlegm and heat,regulating spleen and stomach,dispelling wind and clearing throat,and comprehensively considering other syndromes.The use of compound prescriptions for comprehensive treatment has shown significant therapeutic effects.The commonly used medicinal combination is Physalis Calyx Seu Fructus,Chebulae Fructus Immaturus and Arctii Fructus.

Objective:To study the regional distribution, temporal trend, and health inequity of burn incidence in the world from 1990 to 2019.Methods:The data related to burns worldwide from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the database of Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Based on the number of burn cases and age-standardized incidence rates, the incidence of burn was observed by age, region, socio-demographic index (SDI) area (divided into 5 categories of SDI areas: high, medium-high, medium, medium-low and low, the higher the area, the higher the degree of social development) and country, all of which were expressed as estimated values. Joinpoint regression analysis of the age-standardized incidence of burns from 1990 to 2019 was performed using Joinpoint 4.8.0.1 software to observe the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Rstudio software was used to analyze the Spearman correlation between the age-standardized incidence of burns and SDI from 1990 to 2019. The global inequities of burn incidence were evaluated using the slope index and concentration index from the health equity assessment toolkit, where the slope index reflected the absolute difference in burn incidence between countries with the lowest and highest SDI, and the concentration index indicated the degree to which burn incidence was concentrated in countries with low or high SDI.Results:From 1990 to 2019, the number of global burncases increased from 8 378 121.71 to 8 955 227.68, with an increase of 6.89%. However, the age-standardized incidence rate of burns showed an overall downward trend, from 149.86/100 000 in 1990 to 117.51/100 000 in 2019, with an AAPC of -0.80%. The incidence of burns in the population aged 10-19 years ranked the first in all age groups during the 30 years. Among the six regions of the world, the number of burn cases and the age-standardized incidence rate of burn in the Americas were the highest in 2019, but these two indexes were lower than those in 1999. In 2019, the number of burn patients in medium SDI areas was the highest, and the number of burn patients in low SDI areas was the lowest. The age-standardized incidence of burns was the highest in high SDI areas, and the lowest in medium-low SDI areas. From 1990 to 2019, the number of patients in high and medium-high SDI areas decreased, and the number of patients in other SDI areas increased. Compared with 1990, the age-standardized incidence rates of burns decreased in all SDI regions in 2019, with the greatest decline seen in high SDI and medium-high SDI regions. Cuba had the highest standardized incidence of burns, while Pakistan had the lowest. Spearman correlation analysis showed that from 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rates of burns in 204 countries and regions were positively correlated with SDI (all P<0.05), and the correlation coefficient decreased from 0.49 in 1990 to 0.37 in 2019. The health inequality slope index decreased from 212.90/100 000 in 1990 to 59.12/100 000 in 2019, and the concentration index decreased from 21.77% in 1990 to 8.38% in 2019. Conclusion:From 1990 to 2019, the global burn incidence rates are disproportionately concentrated in countries and regions with better development status. A significant reduction in the global burn incidence has been accompanied by a significant reduction in these inequities.

Objective:To study the regional distribution, temporal trend, and health inequity of burn incidence in the world from 1990 to 2019.Methods:The data related to burns worldwide from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the database of Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Based on the number of burn cases and age-standardized incidence rates, the incidence of burn was observed by age, region, socio-demographic index (SDI) area (divided into 5 categories of SDI areas: high, medium-high, medium, medium-low and low, the higher the area, the higher the degree of social development) and country, all of which were expressed as estimated values. Joinpoint regression analysis of the age-standardized incidence of burns from 1990 to 2019 was performed using Joinpoint 4.8.0.1 software to observe the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Rstudio software was used to analyze the Spearman correlation between the age-standardized incidence of burns and SDI from 1990 to 2019. The global inequities of burn incidence were evaluated using the slope index and concentration index from the health equity assessment toolkit, where the slope index reflected the absolute difference in burn incidence between countries with the lowest and highest SDI, and the concentration index indicated the degree to which burn incidence was concentrated in countries with low or high SDI.Results:From 1990 to 2019, the number of global burncases increased from 8 378 121.71 to 8 955 227.68, with an increase of 6.89%. However, the age-standardized incidence rate of burns showed an overall downward trend, from 149.86/100 000 in 1990 to 117.51/100 000 in 2019, with an AAPC of -0.80%. The incidence of burns in the population aged 10-19 years ranked the first in all age groups during the 30 years. Among the six regions of the world, the number of burn cases and the age-standardized incidence rate of burn in the Americas were the highest in 2019, but these two indexes were lower than those in 1999. In 2019, the number of burn patients in medium SDI areas was the highest, and the number of burn patients in low SDI areas was the lowest. The age-standardized incidence of burns was the highest in high SDI areas, and the lowest in medium-low SDI areas. From 1990 to 2019, the number of patients in high and medium-high SDI areas decreased, and the number of patients in other SDI areas increased. Compared with 1990, the age-standardized incidence rates of burns decreased in all SDI regions in 2019, with the greatest decline seen in high SDI and medium-high SDI regions. Cuba had the highest standardized incidence of burns, while Pakistan had the lowest. Spearman correlation analysis showed that from 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rates of burns in 204 countries and regions were positively correlated with SDI (all P<0.05), and the correlation coefficient decreased from 0.49 in 1990 to 0.37 in 2019. The health inequality slope index decreased from 212.90/100 000 in 1990 to 59.12/100 000 in 2019, and the concentration index decreased from 21.77% in 1990 to 8.38% in 2019. Conclusion:From 1990 to 2019, the global burn incidence rates are disproportionately concentrated in countries and regions with better development status. A significant reduction in the global burn incidence has been accompanied by a significant reduction in these inequities.

Objective:To explore the difference of inflammatory factor imbalance between adolescent and adult patients with depression.Methods:A total of 30 adolescent and 30 adult patients with depression, and 30 adolescent and 30 adult healthy controls were included from January 2022 to August 2023. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-β1), interleukin-10(IL-10) and Maresin-1(MaR1) level were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 24-item Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-24) was used to assess the severity of depression in all depressed patients. SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used for t-test, covariance analysis, Spearman analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression, and the predictive value of selected inflammatory factors in depression was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results:(1)In adolescent group, the levels of IL-6 ((64.000±38.632) pg/mL), IL-17((239.132±49.757) pg/mL), and TGF-β1((737.267±328.447)pg/mL) in patients with depression were higher than those in control group((32.396±16.330)pg/mL, (214.954±42.326)pg/mL, (454.542±297.194)pg/mL, all P<0.05), while the level of MaR1((21 381.301±3 946.011)pg/mL) was significantly lower than that in control group((30 130.138±10 278.999)pg/mL)( P<0.001). The level of IL-17 was positively correlated with the total score of HAMD-24 ( r=0.429) and the course of disease ( r=0.571), the level of IL-10 was negatively correlated with body weight factor score ( r=-0.384), and the levels of TGF-β1 was negatively correlated with anxiety/somatization factor score ( r=-0.449)(all P<0.05) in adolescent patients with depression.MaR1( B=0.000 1, OR=0.999 8, AUC=0.794, P<0.05) was an independent risk factor for adolescents depression.(2)In adult depression group, the levels of IL-6, IL-17, IL-10, TGF-β1 and MaR1 were higher than those in adult control group(all P<0.05). The level of TGF-β1 in adult depression group was negatively correlated with the total score of HAMD-24 ( r=-0.427), the score of anxiety/somatization factor ( r=-0.368), the score of blocking factor ( r=-0.405), and the score of hopelessness factor ( r=-0.398).The level of MaR1 was positively correlated with the age of onset of disease ( r=0.425)(all P<0.05) in adult patients with depression.MaR1( B=0.000 4, OR=1.000 3, AUC=0.874, P<0.001) and IL-6( B=0.040, OR=1.040 7, AUC=0.779, P<0.05) were independent risk factors for adult depression.The AUC of IL-6 combined with MaR1 was 0.938. Conclusion:There are differences in the underlying mechanism of immune imbalance between adolescent and adult patients with depression.MaR1 may be a diagnostic biomarker for depression in adolescents and adults.