Objective To investigate the relationship and potential pathways between metal(loid)exposure and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)in women of childbearing age. Methods This case-control study included 200 patients with PCOS(cases)and 896 non-PCOS controls with the age of 25-37 years.The concentrations of 29 metal(loid)s in the follicular fluid(FF)and clinical indicators in the serum were measured in all participants.Logistic regression analysis and mediation analysis were conducted to evaluate the associations between metal(loid)exposure and PCOS risk and investigate the possible roles of clinical indicators,respectively. Results Logistic regression analysis revealed an association between high copper levels in FF and increased PCOS risk(highest vs.lowest quartile:adjusted odds ratio=2.94,95%confidence interval:1.83-4.72).A high luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio and elevated levels of testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)were strongly associated with increased PCOS risk induced by high copper exposure.The mediation analysis indicated a mediating effect of AMH in the association between copper exposure and PCOS risk. Conclusion Copper may affect PCOS risk through the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis,mediated by AMH.Copper exposure and internal AMH levels are important indicators for early warning of PCOS development.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the treatment status of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in China.Methods:Data of chronic phase (CP) and accelerated phase (AP) CML patients diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2022 from 77 centers, ≥18 years old, and receiving initial imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib or flumatinib-therapy within 6 months after diagnosis in China with complete data were retrospectively interrogated. The choice of initial TKI, current TKI medications, treatment switch and reasons, treatment responses and outcomes as well as the variables associated with them were analyzed.Results:6 893 patients in CP ( n=6 453, 93.6%) or AP ( n=440, 6.4%) receiving initial imatinib ( n=4 906, 71.2%), nilotinib ( n=1 157, 16.8%), dasatinib ( n=298, 4.3%) or flumatinib ( n=532, 7.2%) -therapy. With the median follow-up of 43 ( IQR 22-75) months, 1 581 (22.9%) patients switched TKI due to resistance ( n=1 055, 15.3%), intolerance ( n=248, 3.6%), pursuit of better efficacy ( n=168, 2.4%), economic or other reasons ( n=110, 1.6%). The frequency of switching TKI in AP patients was significantly-higher than that in CP patients (44.1% vs 21.5%, P<0.001), and more AP patients switched TKI due to resistance than CP patients (75.3% vs 66.1%, P=0.011). Multi-variable analyses showed that male, lower HGB concentration and ELTS intermediate/high-risk cohort were associated with lower cytogenetic and molecular responses rate and poor outcomes in CP patients; higher WBC count and initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher response rates; Ph + ACA at diagnosis, poor PFS. However, Sokal intermediate/high-risk cohort was only significantly-associated with lower CCyR and MMR rates and the poor PFS. Lower HGB concentration and larger spleen size were significantly-associated with the lower cytogenetic and molecular response rates in AP patients; initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher treatment response rates; lower PLT count, higher blasts and Ph + ACA, poorer TFS; Ph + ACA, poorer OS. Conclusion:At present, the vast majority of newly-diagnosed CML-CP or AP patients could benefit from TKI treatment in the long term with the good treatment responses and survival outcomes.

With the changing pattern of disease burden in China and the deepening and acceleration of aging society, healthy aging has become a national strategy. As one of the important roles of the care system, under the opportunity of the action framework for healthy aging, nursing discipline in China has made active exploration in key areas and has achieved research and practice results with Chinese characteristics, including ageism, intrinsic capacity, community development and long-term care system construction. Nursing has demonstrated disciplinary reserves and value in the development of the elderly care industry and the construction of the elderly care service system.

Objective:To explore the current status of intrinsic capacity in elderly patients with hospitalization-associated disability (HAD) and explore its influencing factors.Methods:From November 2023 to January 2024, convenience sampling was used to select 203 elderly patients with HAD at Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University as the study subjects. A survey was conducted on elderly patients using the General Information Questionnaire, Fried Frailty Phenotype, Barthel Index, Social Support Rating Scale, and Intrinsic Capacity Assessment Tool. Binomial Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of intrinsic capacity in elderly patients with HAD.Results:A total of 203 questionnaires were distributed, and 199 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 98.03% (199/203). The total score of intrinsic capacity in 199 elderly patients with HAD was 5.00 (4.00, 6.00), with scores for cognitive dimension, psychological dimension, motor dimension, vitality dimension, and sensory dimension being 1.00 (1.00, 2.00), 2.00 (1.00, 2.00), 0 (0, 1.00), 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) and 1.00 (1.00, 1.00), respectively. The binomial Logistic regression showed that department of medicine and surgery, self-rating health status, social support, serum albumin, and Barthel Index were the influencing factors of intrinsic capacity in elderly patients with HAD ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The intrinsic capacity of elderly patients with HAD is at medium to low level, with the most severe impairment in the motor dimension. Medical and nursing staff should develop personalized rehabilitation measures for elderly HAD patients based on the influencing factors of their intrinsic capacity, enhance their intrinsic capacity, and reduce the burden of care on families and society.

Objective:To investigate the status and influencing factors of different types of cognitive frailty in aged inpatients with hypertension.Methods:Totally 300 aged patients with hypertension admitted to the Cardiology, Geriatrics, and Endocrinology Departments of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, from April to October 2022 were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Fried Frailty Phenotype (FP), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the 9-item Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire-9 (SCD-Q9), the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) .Results:A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and returned, yielding a 100.00% response rate. Among the 300 aged hypertensive patients, 74 were diagnosed with reversible cognitive frailty (RCF) and 98 with potentially reversible cognitive frailty (PRCF). Logistic vegression analysis showed that, factors influencing RCF included daily exercise habits and the use of thiazide diuretics ( P<0.05) ; factors influencing PRCF included age, pre-retirement occupation, daily exercise habits, sleep quality, Barthel Index score, and serum albumin levels ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The status of both RCF and PRCF is relatively high among aged inpatients with hypertension. The influencing factors for different types of cognitive frailty vary. Targeted interventions based on both common and specific influencing factors should be developed to reverse or slow the progression of cognitive frailty in aged hypertensive patients.

From October 2021 to February 2023, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of six patients (three male and three female, median age: 54 years, age range: 29-73 years) with mast cell leukemia (MCL) diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (The Mastocytosis Collaborative Network of China). All patients had acute MCL, with at least one C-finding present. The main clinical presentations were hypoalbuminemia ( n=4), fatigue ( n=3), fever ( n=2), abdominal discomfort ( n=2), osteolytic lesions ( n=2), dizziness ( n=1), skin flushing ( n=1), and weight loss ( n=1). Splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy were noted in six and three patients, respectively. Six patients were strongly positive for CD117, five were positive for CD30 and CD25, and four were positive for CD2. Four patients had a normal karyotype and two patients had an abnormal karyotype. Gene mutations were detected in 4/6 cases. The median serum tryptase level was 24.9 (range: 20.1-171.9) μg/L. Two patients were treated with venetoclax and azacitidine for induction (one patient achieved partial remission by combination with afatinib, while there was no remission after combination with dasatinib in the other patient). Two patients did not achieve complete remission despite treatment with cladribine and imatinib, respectively. One patient treated with interferon combined with glucocorticoids was lost to follow-up, and one patient abandoned treatment. The follow-up time ranged from 1.1 to 21.7 months. Three patients died and two survived. Overall, MCL is a rare subtype of systemic mastocytosis with heterogeneous clinical course, and these patients have poor outcome. A better understanding of the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of MCL is urgently needed.

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution and trend of rehabilitation personnel of China Disabled Persons' Federation (CDPF) system and the people with disabilities (PWDs) using geographical gravity model. MethodsBased on ArcGIS and statistical data, the distribution of geographical center of gravity of the rehabilitation personnel of the CDPF system from 2011 to 2021 was analyzed. According to the economic development, the areas were divided into three regions, and the eastern region included eleven provincial units, the central region includes eight provincial units, and the western region included twelve provincial units. ResultsCompared with 2011, rehabilitation staffs per thousand PWDs increased at 107.5% in 2021, 81.1%, 114.2% and 174.1% for the eastern, central, and western regions, respectively; professional staffs increased at 190.5%, 148.8%, 284.6% and 280.6% for the eastern, central, and western regions, respectively; managerial staff increased at 80.0%, 46.8%, 554.3% and 128.1% for the eastern, central, and western regions, respectively. Compared with 2011, the geographical center of gravity of the rehabilitation personnel moved about 330.9 km in 2021, while the geographical center of gravity of the PWDs moved about 169.64 km. ConclusionThe rehabilitation personnel in the CDPF system is the most in the eastern region and least in the western region. The tracks of the geographical center of gravity of the three kind of rehabilitation personnel in the CDPF system are relatively consistent. The rehabilitation personnel in the eastern region are more concentrated than those in the western region, and the density of the PWDs is more westward than that of the rehabilitation personnel, and coordination is not a perfect match yet. It is necessary to strengthen the rehabilitation personnel allocation in the western region, to balance distribution of human resources for rehabilitation of PWDs among regions.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder without effective therapy and can affect a person's life. The mechanism of the disease is not completely understood. Hence, there is a need to understand the targets related to insomnia, in order to develop innovative therapies and new compounds. Recently, increasing interest has been focused on complementary and alternative medicines for treating or preventing insomnia. Research into their molecular components has revealed that their sedative and sleep-promoting properties rely on the interactions with various neurotransmitter systems in the brain. In this review, the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in insomnia development is summarized, while a systematic analysis of studies is conducted to assess the mechanisms of herbal medicines on different 5-HT receptors subtypes, in order to provide reference for subsequent research.
Humans ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Plants, Medicinal ; Receptors, Serotonin ; Serotonin

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula （PAVF） is a rare vessel malformation directly connecting pulmonary circulation to systemic circulation while bypassing pulmonary capillaries.This article reports a young female patient with paradoxical cerebral embolism caused by PAVF，who presented with abrupt-onset left hand weakness.Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebral infarction without common risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases，and transcranial Doppler foaming test and contrast-enhanced CT examination of the chest were performed to confirm the source of embolism.Finally，the patient was diagnosed with PAVF.The patient was improved significantly after receiving anti-platelet aggregation drugs.By reporting this rare etiology of cerebral embolism caused by PAVF and summarizing related articles，this article reminds physicians of screening for the cause of cryptogenic stroke.

Objectives:To investigate the clinical and genetic features of young Chinese patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) .Methods:In this cross-sectional study, anonymous questionnaires were distributed to patients with MPN patients nationwide. The respondents were divided into 3 groups based on their age at diagnosis: young (≤40 years) , middle-aged (41-60 years) , and elderly (>60 years) . We compared the clinical and genetic characteristics of three groups of MPN patients.Results:1727 assessable questionnaires were collected. There were 453 (26.2%) young respondents with MPNs, including 274 with essential thrombocythemia (ET) , 80 with polycythemia vera (PV) , and 99 with myelofibrosis. Among the young group, 178 (39.3%) were male, and the median age was 31 (18-40) years. In comparison to middle-aged and elderly respondents, young respondents with MPN were more likely to present with a higher proportion of unmarried status (all P<0.001) , a higher education level (all P<0.001) , less comorbidity (ies) , fewer medications (all P<0.001) , and low-risk stratification (all P<0.001) . Younger respondents experienced headache (ET, P<0.001; PV, P=0.007; MF, P=0.001) at diagnosis, had splenomegaly at diagnosis (PV, P<0.001) , and survey (ET, P=0.052; PV, P=0.063) . Younger respondents had fewer thrombotic events at diagnosis (ET, P<0.001; PV, P=0.011) and during the survey (ET, P<0.001; PV, P=0.003) . JAK2 mutations were found in fewer young people (ET, P<0.001; PV, P<0.001; MF, P=0.013) ; however, CALR mutations were found in more young people (ET, P<0.001; MF, P=0.015) . Furthermore, mutations in non-driver genes (ET, P=0.042; PV, P=0.043; MF, P=0.004) and high-molecular risk mutations (ET, P=0.024; PV, P=0.023; MF, P=0.001) were found in fewer young respondents. Conclusion:Compared with middle-aged and elderly patients, young patients with MPN had unique clinical and genetic characteristics.