ObjectiveTo investigate the core influencing factors for quality of life in patients with primary biliary cholangitis through a systematic review， and to provide an evidence-based basis for understanding such factors. MethodsThe databases including CNKI， Wanfang Data， CBM， VIP， PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， Ovid， Scopus， and Medline were searched for articles assessing the influencing factors for quality of life in patients with primary biliary cholangitis using PBC-40 scale published up to January 11， 2025. Quality assessment was conducted using the scale compiled by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality， and then a qualitative evaluation was performed for the basic situation of the studies included in the analysis. ResultsA total of 11 articles were included， and the results showed that age， sex， albumin， alkaline phosphatase， gamma-glutamyl transferase， direct bilirubin， total bilirubin， total bile acid， alanine aminotransferase， aspartate aminotransferase， body mass index， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were important influencing factors for quality of life in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. ConclusionInfluencing factors include demographic features， liver function parameters， and physical and metabolic indicators； however， due to the limited number of studies， more high-quality large-sample studies are needed in the future.

Objective:To investigate the effect of thrombocytopenia and coagulation dysfunction on bleeding complications in patients undergoing percutaneous liver biopsy.Methods:The clinical, laboratory, and demographic data of patients undergoing percutaneous liver biopsy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2005 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of bleeding was recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the effects of thrombocytopenia and coagulation dysfunction on the risk of postoperative bleeding. Furthermore, we assessed the bleeding risk in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.Results:A total of 2 885 liver perforations were performed in 2 364 patients, 98.4% of whom had an autoimmune liver disease. There were 27 cases of postoperative bleeding (0.9%). The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that platelet count (PLT)( P<0.05, OR=0.975), coagulation dysfunction (international normalized ratio; INR)( P<0.05, OR=6.954), and cirrhosis ( P<0.05, OR=3.857) were associated with bleeding. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PLT was an independent risk factor for bleeding ( P<0.05, OR=0.975). PLT scores of 40×10 9/L and 65×10 9/L can classify the bleeding risk of patients with thrombocytopenia into high, medium, and low risk. There was no difference in the risk of bleeding between the 40×10 9/L0.05, χ2=0.10). The risk of bleeding in the 31×10 9/L≤PLT≤40×10 9/L group was higher than that in the 40×10 9/L0.05, χ2=0.10). Furthermore, the bleeding cases were considered mild as the bleeding stopped after pressure hemostasis. Conclusions:PLT is an independent risk factor for bleeding after hepatocentesis. When the PLT is >40×10 9/L, hepatocentesis can still be performed safely with appropriate management measures.

Objective:To evaluate the quality of information on autoimmune liver disease in videos on the TikTok short video platform.Methods:The keyword "autoimmune liver disease" was used to search the top 200 videos on TikTok in the default sorting order. Using the DISCERN video quality assessment tool and the structured content integrity evaluation tool, we assessed the quality of the information in each video in relation to the pertinent disease guidelines. Furthermore, we investigated any relationships between the quality of the videos and their characteristics (likes, comments, retweets, days and duration of uploading).Results:A total of 140 videos were included, 96.4% of which were provided by medical professionals. The content completeness scores for each dimension were as follows: definition, 1.0 (0.0, 1.0); symptoms, 0.0 (0.0, 1.0); risk factors, 0.0 (0.0, 0.5); assessment, 0.5 (0.0, 1.5); management, 0.5 (0.0, 1.0); and outcome, 0.0 (0.0, 1.0). Furthermore, 91.4% of videos with DISCERN scores of ≤50 were of "fair" quality or below. Additionally, the difference in DISCERN scores between videos from different publishers was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The number of likes, comments, favorites, retweets, and video duration had a strong positive correlation with the overall DISCERN score ( r=0.17, 0.18, 0.25, 0.26, 0.44, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The overall quality of videos related to autoimmune liver disease on the TikTok video platform is low. Therefore, publishers should focus on the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the information. Additionally, the TikTok platform should optimize its video review mechanism to provide the public with more accurate and reliable health information.

Objective:To investigate the effect of thrombocytopenia and coagulation dysfunction on bleeding complications in patients undergoing percutaneous liver biopsy.Methods:The clinical, laboratory, and demographic data of patients undergoing percutaneous liver biopsy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2005 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of bleeding was recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the effects of thrombocytopenia and coagulation dysfunction on the risk of postoperative bleeding. Furthermore, we assessed the bleeding risk in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.Results:A total of 2 885 liver perforations were performed in 2 364 patients, 98.4% of whom had an autoimmune liver disease. There were 27 cases of postoperative bleeding (0.9%). The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that platelet count (PLT)( P<0.05, OR=0.975), coagulation dysfunction (international normalized ratio; INR)( P<0.05, OR=6.954), and cirrhosis ( P<0.05, OR=3.857) were associated with bleeding. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PLT was an independent risk factor for bleeding ( P<0.05, OR=0.975). PLT scores of 40×10 9/L and 65×10 9/L can classify the bleeding risk of patients with thrombocytopenia into high, medium, and low risk. There was no difference in the risk of bleeding between the 40×10 9/L0.05, χ2=0.10). The risk of bleeding in the 31×10 9/L≤PLT≤40×10 9/L group was higher than that in the 40×10 9/L0.05, χ2=0.10). Furthermore, the bleeding cases were considered mild as the bleeding stopped after pressure hemostasis. Conclusions:PLT is an independent risk factor for bleeding after hepatocentesis. When the PLT is >40×10 9/L, hepatocentesis can still be performed safely with appropriate management measures.

Objective:To evaluate the quality of information on autoimmune liver disease in videos on the TikTok short video platform.Methods:The keyword "autoimmune liver disease" was used to search the top 200 videos on TikTok in the default sorting order. Using the DISCERN video quality assessment tool and the structured content integrity evaluation tool, we assessed the quality of the information in each video in relation to the pertinent disease guidelines. Furthermore, we investigated any relationships between the quality of the videos and their characteristics (likes, comments, retweets, days and duration of uploading).Results:A total of 140 videos were included, 96.4% of which were provided by medical professionals. The content completeness scores for each dimension were as follows: definition, 1.0 (0.0, 1.0); symptoms, 0.0 (0.0, 1.0); risk factors, 0.0 (0.0, 0.5); assessment, 0.5 (0.0, 1.5); management, 0.5 (0.0, 1.0); and outcome, 0.0 (0.0, 1.0). Furthermore, 91.4% of videos with DISCERN scores of ≤50 were of "fair" quality or below. Additionally, the difference in DISCERN scores between videos from different publishers was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The number of likes, comments, favorites, retweets, and video duration had a strong positive correlation with the overall DISCERN score ( r=0.17, 0.18, 0.25, 0.26, 0.44, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The overall quality of videos related to autoimmune liver disease on the TikTok video platform is low. Therefore, publishers should focus on the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the information. Additionally, the TikTok platform should optimize its video review mechanism to provide the public with more accurate and reliable health information.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic characteristics of measles and rubella in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2013 to 2022， and to provide data support for the elimination of measles and rubella. MethodsEnzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect IgM antibodies in serum samples. The sequence of 630 nucleotides at the C-terminal of N gene of measles virus was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the phylogenic tree was constructed. ResultsA total of 1 529 suspected cases of measles were detected from 2013 to 2022， among which the positive rate of measles IgM antibody was 33.55% （513/1 529）. The highest positive rate （20.73%） was from March to May ， and the positive rate of rubella IgM antibody was 6.80% （104/1 529）. The positive rate of both IgM was higher in males than that in females （P<0.05）. The IgM against measles was mainly detected in 0‒ years old （63.16%， 96/152） and 20‒ years old （45.61%， 161/353）. The IgM against rubella was mainly detected in 10‒20 years old （27.27%， 18/66）. The IgM antibody could be detected more easily from 4 to 28 days after eruption， and the IgM antibody positive rate of measles/rubella from 2020 to 2022 was significantly lower than previous years （2013‒2019）. There were 2 D8 genotype strains， and the rest were H1a gene subtypes. ConclusionThe positive rate of IgM antibodies against measles/rubella in Pudong New Area of Shanghai decreased significantly. People aged 0‒ years and 20‒ years old are more susceptible to measles， and rubella is concentrated in 10‒ years old. It is necessary to strengthen the vaccination of school-age children， in order to achieve the goal of eliminating measles. The age group with high risk of exposure should be checked for vaccination status to ensure the enhanced immunization， and the surveillance of imported measles cases should be strengthened.

Background::While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a putative causal risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), the intrinsic link underlying T2DM and CAD is not fully understood. We aimed to highlight the importance of integrated care targeting both diseases by investigating the phenotypic and genetic relationships between T2DM and CAD.Methods::We evaluated phenotypic associations using data from the United Kingdom Biobank ( N = 472,050). We investigated genetic relationships by leveraging genomic data conducted in European ancestry for T2DM, with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (T2DM: Ncase/ Ncontrol = 74,124/824,006; T2DM adjusted for BMI [T2DM adjBMI]: Ncase/ Ncontrol = 50,409/523,897) and for CAD ( Ncase/ Ncontrol = 181,522/984,168). We performed additional analyses using genomic data conducted in multiancestry individuals for T2DM ( Ncase/ Ncontrol = 180,834/1,159,055). Results::Observational analysis suggested a bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD (T2DM→CAD: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01–2.24; CAD→T2DM: HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.63–1.81). A positive overall genetic correlation between T2DM and CAD was observed ( rg = 0.39, P = 1.43 × 10 -75), which was largely independent of BMI (T2DM adjBMI–CAD: rg = 0.31, P = 1.20 × 10 –36). This was corroborated by six local signals, among which 9p21.3 showed the strongest genetic correlation. Cross-trait meta-analysis replicated 101 previously reported loci and discovered six novel pleiotropic loci. Mendelian randomization analysis supported a bidirectional causal relationship (T2DM→CAD: odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.11-1.16; CAD→T2DM: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07-1.18), which was confirmed in multiancestry individuals (T2DM→CAD: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10-1.16; CAD→T2DM: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.13). This bidirectional relationship was significantly mediated by systolic blood pressure and intake of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, with mediation proportions of 54.1% (95% CI: 24.9-83.4%) and 90.4% (95% CI: 29.3-151.5%), respectively. Conclusion::Our observational and genetic analyses demonstrated an intrinsic bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD and clarified the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of sodium ferulate in the treatment of Ménière disease(MD)model mice.Methods BALB/c mice were selected,and an MD model was constructed using posterior fossa epidural approach combined with intraperitoneal injection of aldosterone.Sixty model mice were randomly grouped into the model group,the low dose sodium ferulate group,the medium dose sodium ferulate group,the high dose sodium ferulate group and the dexamethasone group,with 12 mice in each group.Another 12 BALB/c mice were selected as the sham operation group.After grouping and tympanic administration,auditory evoked brainstem response(ABR)was applied to detect the hearing level of mice in each group.HE staining and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)were applied to observe the morphology of cochlea and membranous labyrinth hydrops of mice in each group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum levels of lipoprotein a[Lp(a)],pro-inflammatory factor interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in each group.Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay were applied to detect the expression of Lp(a)in each group.Results Compared with the sham operation group,the ABR threshold,the score of membranous labyrinth hydrops,the proportion of middle stage area,serum levels of Lp(a),IL-6 and TNF-α,the IOD value of Lp(a)positive expression and the expression of Lp(a)protein in the cochlea of mice were significantly increased in the model group(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the ABR threshold,the score of membranous labyrinth hydrops,the proportion of middle stage area,levels of serum Lp(a),IL-6 and TNF-α,the IOD value of Lp(a)positive expression and the expression of Lp(a)protein in the cochlea of mice were significantly decreased in the low,medium and high dose sodium ferulate groups and the dexamethasone group(P＜0.05),and the effect of high dose sodium ferulate was more obvious.Conclusion Sodium ferulate can down regulate the expression of Lp(a)protein,reduce the production of proinflammatory factors,inhibit the inflammatory reaction,thereby alleviating the symptoms of membranous labyrinth hydrops in MD mice,and improving their auditory function.

Matrix protein p17 is a structural protein of human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）. It not only plays a key role in multiple stages of HIV life cycle，but also is closely associated with HIV-related lymphoma，neurocognitive impairment and breast cancer. This article reviews the role of matrix protein p17 in HIV infection and HIV-related diseases.

ObjectiveTo isolate and study the biological characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 （SARS-CoV-2） from feces of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） patients. MethodsVero E6 cells were used for virus isolation and the isolated strains were tested by nucleic acid test， immunofluorescence test， virulence test and whole genome sequencing. 50% tissue culture infective dose （TCID₅₀） was calculated after the cell cultures of each generation were collected ResultsEight fecal specimens were inoculated with Vero E6 cells after treatment and cultured for 48 h. One specimen showed obvious cytopathic effect on Vero E6 cells. One SARS-CoV-2 out of 8 fecal samples from COVID-19 patients were isolated， and separation rate was 12.5%. The TCID₅₀ of P1， P2 and P3 were 10^4.0/0.2 mL， 10^4.5/0.2 mL and 10^4.75/0.2 mL， respectively. Only one of the 8 stool samples had SARS-CoV-2 virus replication and amplification， and the Ct value of the nucleic acid detection was about 10. The sequence of the isolation was more than 99.99% homologous with that of Wuhan-Hu-1（GenBank MN908947）. ConclusionThe SARS-CoV-2 strain is isolated from the fecal samples of COVID-19 cases and is confirmed by genomic sequencing and immunofluorescence test， which indicates the presence of live virus in feces of COVID-19 cases.