Booster vaccinations are highly recommended in combating the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its subvariants. However, the optimal booster vaccination strategies and related immune mechanisms with different prior vaccinations are under-revealed. In this study, we systematically evaluated the immune responses in mice and hamsters with different prime-boost regimens before their protective efficacies against Omicron were detected. We found that boosting with Ad5-nCoV, S_WT-2P or S_Omicron-6P induced significantly higher levels of neutralization activities against Omicron variants than CoronaVac and ZF2001 by eliciting stronger germinal center (GC) responses. Specifically, S_Omicron-6P induced even stronger antibody responses against Omicron variants in CoronaVac and Ad5-nCoV-primed animals than non-Omicron-specific vaccines but with limited differences as compared to Ad5-nCoV and S_WT-2P. In addition, boosting with a specific vaccine has the potential to remodel the existing immune profiles. These findings indicated that adenovirus-vectored vaccines and mRNA vaccines would be more effective than other types of vaccines as booster shots in combating Omicron infections. Moreover, the protective efficacies of the vaccines in booster vaccinations are highly related to GC reactions in secondary lymphatic organs. In summary, these findings provide timely important information on prime-boost regimens and future vaccine design.

Objective To explore the related factors and clinical significance of the effect of irrigation on infant with dacryocystitis. Methods A total of 318 eyes of 262 infant were treated with dacryocystitis, and their overall curative effect was observed. Single factor correlation analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze 8 factors related to efficacy, such as age of children, length of medical history, severity of symptoms, degree of operation of nurses, degree of parental cooperation, compliance with medication, massage therapy and treatment methods. The effect of each factor on the curative effect. Results It was found that the total effective rate was 90.56 percent of the lacrimal passage in children with 318 tear channel obstruction and dacryocystitis.Single factor analysis results show that the factors influencing the curative effect of single in treatment (χ2= 88.984, P < 0.01), symptom severity (χ2=14.185,P < 0.05) length of history (χ2=18.783, P < 0.05) difference and massage therapy (χ2=10.081, P < 0.05) was statistically significant, the three factors of multiariable Logistic regression analysis results showed that the treatment (P=0.000, OR=0.148,95％ CI 0.052- 0.419) and massage therapy (P=0.012, OR=3.390, 95％ CI 1.309- 8.777) affected infant lacrimal duct flushing out main factors influencing the efficacy of tong. Conclusions The main influencing factors are the different treatment modalities, severity of symptoms the length of medical history and massage therapy in the related factors that affect the effect of infantwith dacryocystitis.

Objective:To analyze the change of bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women,and to study the relationship between BMD and the estrogen,cytokines,and serum levels of bone metabolism.Methods: 135 postmenopausal women were divided into the OP group (n=54),Osteopenia group (n=43) and normal group (n=38) according to the results of lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) scan.To detected the concentration of serum estradiol (E2),bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (BGP),tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b),interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) and IL-10 of research objects in the three groups.And to analyze the relationship between BMD and the levels of E2,BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-β1 and IL-10.Results: In the OP group and the Osteopenia group,BMD and the levels of E2,TGF-β1 and IL-10 were obviously lower than that in the normal group (P<0.05),and the levels of BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6 and TNF-α were obviously higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05).When compared with the Osteopenia group,the BMD and E2 level in the OP group was more lower (P<0.05),and the levels of BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6 and TNF-α were more higher (P<0.05).E2 and TGF-β1 showed the significant positive correction with BMD (P<0.05),and the BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6 and TNF-α were all negatively corrected with BMD (P<0.05).However,no significant difference of relevance was seen between IL-10 and BMD (P>0.05).The low serum E2 levels and high serum levels of BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6 and TNF-α were the independent factors affecting the reduction of BMD (P<0.05).Conclusion: The E2 level in patients with PMOP decreased obviously,which caused the imbalance of bone remodeling and inflammatory reaction,and which was related to the decrease of BMD.

Objective:To explore the effect on sex hormone functional of extracts of Herba Epimedii /Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in osteoporosis rats.Methods:50 cases of 3 months Wistar rats were rando mly divided into normal group ,model group,extract low dose group(extract-L),extract middle dose group(extract-M),extract high dose group(extract-H),10 cases in each group,in addition to the normal group,other 4 groups were bulided OP model by filling and feeding retinoic acid for 15 d,then normal group and model group were filling physiological saline;extract-L,extract-M,extract-H were respectively feeding extracts of Herba Epimedii /Fructus Ligustri Lucidi at 50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg,200 mg/kg,both for 3 weeks.Measured the bone mineral density (BMD),observed the femoral pathology change of left femur with hematoxylin and eosin ( HE ) staining, measured trabecular bone tissue morphology related parameters ,analyzed the hormone receptor protein expression with immunohistochemistry .Results:The BMD of the whole femur ,femur head,and femur neck in normal group were all significantly higher than that of model group ,the BMD of the whole femur ,femur head, and femur neck in extract-M and extract-H group were all significantly higher than that of model group ,the BMD of the whole femur in extract-L group was significantly higher than that of model group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The bone trabecular number had significantly increased ,integrity,continuity improved significantly ,bone histomorphometry such as Tb.Ar, Tb.Th,and Tb.N in model group were decreased ,and Tb.Sp was increased,extract-M and extract-H group had remarkable effect on each index ,while extract-L group only had a remarkable effect on Tb .Ar and Tb.Th ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) , compared with model group.The expression of AR , ER in normal groups were significantly higher than that of model group , the expression of AR , ER in extract-H group was significantly higher than that of model group , the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) . Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the combination with TFE and TIFL had potential protective effects on osteoporosis rats induced by retinoic acid .The combination with TFE and TIFL is able to increase BMD ,reverse pathological changes of bone tissue ,co-ordinate hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis ,and upregulate the expression of sex hormone receptors .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in the structure and function of the carotid artery and their relationship with subclinical inflammation in patients with H-type hypertension.

METHODSSixty patients with H-type hypertension and 49 with non-H-type hypertension were enrolled in this study, with 20 healthy volunteers as the control group. All the subjects underwent color Doppler ultrasound examination of the carotid artery, and their blood levels of hyper-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen (FIB), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured to investigate the correlation between the structural and functional changes of the carotid artery and the inflammatory factors.

RESULTSNo significant difference was found in the blood pressure level between the H-type and non-H-type hypertension groups (136.0∓10.1 vs 131.9∓7.0 mmHg for systolic blood pressure, P>0.05; 80.9∓8.9 vs 73.2∓7.9 mmHg for diastolic pressure, P>0.05). The intima-media thickness, distensibility of the common carotid artery, carotid artery stiffness, and blood homocysteine level all showed significant differences between patients with H-type and non-H-type hypertension (1.52∓0.08 vs 1.09∓0.06 mm, 0.23∓0.14 mmHg(-1)×100 vs 0.46∓0.14 mmHg(-1)×100, and 15.37∓5.89 vs 8.19∓4.53 µmol/L, respectively, P<0.05). The H-type hypertensive patients showed significantly higher hs-CRP, FIB, and TNF-α levels than the non-H-type hypertensive patients, and these inflammatory factors were positively correlated with the structural and functional changes of the carotid artery.

CONCLUSIONThe patients with H-type hypertension are more likely to have carotid artery structure and function impairments, which closely correlate with the subclinical inflammatory factors. These changes might be attributed to the synergism of subclinical inflammation and hyperhomocysteinemia, for which active intervention may prove beneficial.

Adult ; Aged ; Carotid Arteries ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; classification ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Inflammation ; Male ; Middle Aged