Objective To compare the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of mucous and non-mucous Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP).Methods SP isolated from clinical specimens of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College from January 2023 to June 2024 were collected.They were isolated,cultured and identified,and their susceptibility to antibacterial drugs was determined.Results A total of 291 SP strains were isolated,of which 20 strains were mucous SP and 271 strains were non-mucous SP.Children played a dominant role of non-mucous SP infection,but mucous SP mainly infected adults and the children above 5 years old.Both phenotypes of SP were mainly characterized by pulmonary infection.Non-mucous SP had a relatively high sensitivity rate to vancomycin,linezolid,penicillin,ertapenem,chloramphenicol,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin and ofloxacin.It had a high resistance rate to compound sulfamethoxazole,clindamycin,erythromycin and tetracycline.Mucous SP was completely sensitive to penicillin,amoxicillin,cefotaxime,ceftriaxone,ertapenem,vancomycin,linezolid,levofloxacin and moxifloxacin,and had a relatively high resistance rate to clindamycin,erythromycin and tetracycline.Conclusion The laboratory should enhance the detection capacity of mucous SP.Mucous SP is highly sensitive to common antibiotics.Clinicians should select antibiotics based on drug sensitivity results to delay the occurrence of drug resistance.

Objective To compare the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of mucous and non-mucous Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP).Methods SP isolated from clinical specimens of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College from January 2023 to June 2024 were collected.They were isolated,cultured and identified,and their susceptibility to antibacterial drugs was determined.Results A total of 291 SP strains were isolated,of which 20 strains were mucous SP and 271 strains were non-mucous SP.Children played a dominant role of non-mucous SP infection,but mucous SP mainly infected adults and the children above 5 years old.Both phenotypes of SP were mainly characterized by pulmonary infection.Non-mucous SP had a relatively high sensitivity rate to vancomycin,linezolid,penicillin,ertapenem,chloramphenicol,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin and ofloxacin.It had a high resistance rate to compound sulfamethoxazole,clindamycin,erythromycin and tetracycline.Mucous SP was completely sensitive to penicillin,amoxicillin,cefotaxime,ceftriaxone,ertapenem,vancomycin,linezolid,levofloxacin and moxifloxacin,and had a relatively high resistance rate to clindamycin,erythromycin and tetracycline.Conclusion The laboratory should enhance the detection capacity of mucous SP.Mucous SP is highly sensitive to common antibiotics.Clinicians should select antibiotics based on drug sensitivity results to delay the occurrence of drug resistance.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of carotid atherosclerosis on serum triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and silent lacunar infarction (SLI) in non-diabetic population.Methods:A total of 2 482 patients were selected from the Health Examination Center of Hebei General Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. The basic demographic information, biochemical parameters, calculated TyG index and carotid plaque score were collected. SLI was diagnosed according to the criteria formulated by Chinese Society of Neurology. Participants were divided into SLI group and non-SLI group according to whether there was SLI in brain magnetic resonance imaging, and the non-SLI group was normal without lacunar infarction. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between TyG index and carotid plaque score. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of TyG index and carotid plaque score on SLI. Bootstrap was used to explore whether carotid plaque score mediated the association between TyG index and SLI.Results:There were 471 patients (18.98%) who had SLI, and 2 011 patients (81.02%) did not. Carotid plaque score [2(0, 5) vs 1(0, 3)] and TyG index [7.17(6.81, 7.64) vs 7.12(6.77, 7.54)] were increased in the SLI group compared with the non-SLI group ( Z=-4.213, Z=-2.636, P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that carotid plaque score was positively correlated with TyG index ( r=0.083, P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that carotid plaque score ( OR=1.047, 95% CI 1.002-1.094) and TyG index ( OR=1.329, 95% CI 1.106-1.598) were independent risk factors for SLI ( P<0.05). Mediated effect analysis showed that TyG index had a direct effect on the incidence of SLI (β=0.265, 95% CI 0.102-0.428). Carotid plaque score partially mediated the effect of TyG index on the incidence of SLI (β=0.024, 95% CI 0.009-0.043), and the mediating effect accounted for 8.30% of the total effects. Conclusion:In non-diabetic population, TyG index and carotid plaque score are predictors of SLI, and the carotid plaque score is a partial mediator in the effect of TyG index on the incidence of SLI.

Objective: To understand the awareness of sexual knowledge among primary and secondary school students, as well as their attitudes towards school sex education and to provide a reference for school-based sex education. Methods: A total of 5 531 primary and secondary school students were selected from Beijing, Chongqing, Heilongjiang (Harbin and Jiamusi) and Hubei (Wuhan and Xiaogan) by stratified cluster sampling and were investigated with self-reported questionnaire. Results: Sex-related knowledge scored 62.33±19.35, with a pass rate of 61.9%, and the excellent rate 17.5%. Sexual knowledge of junior high school students scored 64.30±19.07, with the pass rate of 64.7%, and the excellent rate 22.0%. A large proportion of primary students reported unaware of pubertal growth and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, and a large proportion of junior high students unaware of reproductive physiology. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed region, grade, gender, and suburban areas were related to the level of sexual knowledge(P<0.05). More than 76.0% primary students and 85.9% middle school students agreed on the importance of school sexuality education. 59.7% of primary school students and 73.3% of junior high school students hoped to include school sexuality education in compulsory education courses; 59.8% of primary school students and 68.3% of junior high school students felt that school sexuality education should be equipped with specialized teachers. Conclusion Chinese primary and secondary school students are lack of sexual knowledge. As students have strong wills to get more information on sexual knowledge, schools should provide them with more comprehensive and effective sex education through appropriate courses and activities.

Objective: To understand the needs of primary and secondary school students, parents and teachers for comprehensive sexuality education content, and to explore the applicability of comprehensive sexuality education content in China. Methods: By using the method of stratified cluster sampling, 5 571 primary and middle school students and 4 835 parents from Beijing, Chongqing, Heilongjiang (Harbin and Jiamusi) and Hubei (Wuhan and Xiaogan) were selected for questionnaire survey. Depending on the physical health monitoring points of various provinces and cities, 176 sexuality education related teachers in nine regions were surveyed. The development of the questionnaire was based on the content framework of comprehensive sexuality education proposed in the International Technical Guidelines for Sexuality Education. Results: Students had a higher demand for knowledge on the concepts of "relationship" (53.4% for primary school students, 57.6% for junior high school students) and "health and well-being skills" (71.1% for primary school students, 55.9% for junior high school students). Parents had higher demand for most comprehensive sexuality education content with the exception of lower need for "sex and sexual behavior (74.7% of primary school parents, 80.8% of junior high school parents)" and "sexual and reproductive health (primary parents 74.3%, junior high school parents 75.8%)". Teachers had a high demand for most comprehensive sexuality education content, but primary school teachers had a lower need for "values, rights, culture and sex(65.9%)", "sex and sexuality(60.1%)" and "sexual and reproductive health(66.8%)". The results of correspondence analysis showed that junior middle school teachers had the highest demand for comprehensive education content, followed by primary school parents, junior middle school parents, primary school teachers, junior middle school students and primary school students. Conclusion Teachers and parents have a higher demand for most comprehensive sexuality education content, while lower demand for some relatively sensitive content. Students have a relatively low demand for comprehensive sexuality education content. It is recommended to further improve the content of school sexuality education based on the actual needs of China.