Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)present unique physicochemical characteristics,excellent biocom-patibility and ease of surface functionalization,which have become the research hotspots in the field of biosens-ing.This article reviews the synthesis methods,main properties and surface functionalization of AuNPs,as well as the research progress of application in various sensing platforms.

Objective To investigate the cognition of colorectal cancer-related knowledge and influencing factors of patients with middle- and advanced-stage colorectal cancer in ethnic minority areas of Inner Mongolia. Methods According to the national population and the prevalence of colorectal cancer, 277 patients with colorectal cancer were selected by stratified and random sampling in Inner Mongolia. The patients were surveyed in Baotou, Chifeng, Bayannaoer, and other hospitals. The questionnaire included patients' basic information, cognition of colorectal cancer risk factors and screening knowledge, screening information, etc. Results Before suffering from the disease, the patients' knowledge of colorectal cancer (risk factors, early screening knowledge, treatment methods) was low. About 54.9% of patients were unaware of high risk factors for colorectal cancer, 75.8% of patients did not understand the knowledge of early screening of colorectal cancer, and 37.5% of patients did not underst and the treatment of colorectal cancer. The main influencing factors of colorectal cancer cognition were education level and occupation. Patients who work in institutions and enterprises and with higher education level had better cognition. Conclusion Patients with middle- and advanced-stage colorectal cancer in Inner Mongolia have poor knowledge and awareness of risk factors and screening of colorectal cancer before diagnosis. Education level and occupation are factors influencing colorectal cancer cognition, therefore, people with low knowledge rate of colorectal cancer and low education level as well as unemployed laid-off people should be given priority intervention.

Objective To observe the influence of edaravin combined with cerebroside-kinin on the level of glial fiber acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxyl terminal-L1 (UCH-L1) in the treatment of severe craniocerebral injury.Methods From January 2016 to December 2017,a total of 123 patients with severe craniocerebral injury were selected in our hospital,and randomly(random number) assigned to the observation group (61 cases) and control group (62 cases).Patients in the control group were given cerebroside-kinin,and patients in the observation group were given cerebroside-kinin and edaravone.The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score (APACHE Ⅱ),activities of daily living (ADL) score,serum malonaldehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),myeloperoxidase (MPO),matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9),GFAP and UCH-L1 before and after treatment were observed.The side effects were also recorded.Results The APACHE Ⅱ score was significantly reduced in both groups after treatment (P=0.008;P=0.003),and was lower in the observation group than that in the control group (P=0.013).The ADL score of both groups increased after treatment (P=0.025;P=0.008),and was higher in the observation group than that in the control group (P=0.012).After treatment the levels of MDA,SOD and MPO in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05);the level of MMP-9 in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.012);the levels of GFAP and UCH-L 1 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0.014;P=0.035).There was no significant difference of the total side effect incidence between the observation group and the control group (8.06％ vs 9.83％,x 2=0.088,P=0.719).Conclusions The treatment by edaravone combined with cerebroside-kinin on severe craniocerebral injury may effectively protect the nerve cells,improve nerve function,clinical efficacy and the body's antioxidant capacity,reduce the serum levels of GFAP,UCH-L1,and have better safety.

Objective: To investigate the expression and significance of NLRP3/IL-1β/TGF-β₁ signal axis in a rat model of silicosis and pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: Eighty healthy Wistar male rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into 4 groups: high (100 mg/ml) , medium (50 mg/ml) , low (25 mg/ml) concentration SiO₂ dusting group and normal negative control. Group, 20 in each group. Five rats were sacrificed at 7 d, 14 d, 28 d and 56 d after SiO₂ dusting. The degree of alveolitis and the degree of pulmonary fibrosis were observed. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect IL-1β in lung tissue. The expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in lung tissue of rats were detected by Western Blot. Results: The alveolitis score and fibrosis degree of the rats in the dust-receiving group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 7 d, 14 d, 28 d and 56 d, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01) . The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-18 and TGF-β1 in 14 d, 28 d and 56 d were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01) . The expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in lung tissue of rats exposed to dust were 7 d and 14 d, 28 d, 56d were higher than the control group (P<0.01) ; the expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and TGF-β₁ in the low, medium and high concentration SiO₂ dusting group were 7 d, 14 d and The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05) , and both showed a time-effect relationship with the increase of dusting time. Conclusion NLRP3 and its downstream factors Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and TGF-β1 are highly expressed in the lung tissue of rats with silicosis and pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that the NLRP3/IL-1β/TGF-β₁ signal axis may be associated with silicosis. Pulmonary fibrosis has a close relationship and plays a role in the formation of silicosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3( NLRP3) inflammasome in the development and progression of silicosis pulmonary fibrosis,and to explore the effect of NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 on silicosis pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: The specific pathogen free Wistar male rats were randomly divided into control group,model group and inhibitor group,with 20 rats in each group.The rats in the model group and the inhibitor group were given a 1. 0 m L of free silica suspension at a concentration of 50 g/L by the non-exposure endotracheal intubation method. Rats in the control group were given an equal volume of sterilized 0. 9% sodium chloride solution. Rats in the inhibitor group were given 10 mg/kg body weight of MCC950 once every other day by gavage,while rats in the model group and the control group were given an equal volume of sterilized0. 9% sodium chloride solution. Five rats were randomly sacrificed at 7,14,28,and 56 days after model establishment.The body weight of the rats was weighed,and the degree of pulmonary alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis was observed. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of interleukin( IL)-1β,IL-18 and transforming growth factor-β1( TGF-β1) of lung tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the relative expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1protein. RESULTS: The body mass of rats increased with increasing observation time( P < 0. 01). The scores of pulmonary fibrosis and the levels of IL-1β,IL-18 and TGF-β1 in lung tissue had statistical significance in the main effect of dust treatment( P < 0. 01),and the order from high to low was model group,inhibitor group and control group( P < 0. 01). At the time points of 7,14,28,and 56 days after model establishment,the score of pulmonary alveolitis and the relative expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein in lung tissues in the inhibitor group were lower than that of the model group( P < 0. 01),but higher than that of the control group( P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: The NLRP3/IL-1β/TGF-β1 signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of silicosis pulmonary fibrosis. MCC950 can inhibit the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis of silicosis by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Objective To establish the standard for quality control ofQingyan Granule. Methods The chief components of the preparation, Sophora Tonkinensis radix et rhizoma, Adenophorae radix, Lonicera japonica caulis, and Ophiopogonis radix were identified by TLC qualitatively. The contents of licorice glycosides and glycyrrhizic acid were determined by HPLC. The separation was performed on Thermo Syncronis C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile with 0.05% phosphoric acid solution (A)-0.05% phosphoric acid solution (B), and gradient elution (0-8 min, 19%A;8-35 min, 19%→50%A). Detection wavelength was 237 nm, and flow rate was 1 mL/min.Results The spots in TLC were clear. There were spots with same color on the corresponding location of reference substance and reference herbal, negative control without interference. The linear range for licorice glycosides was 0.05-0.5μg (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 99.97%, RSD=1.74% (n=9). The linear range for glycyrrhizic acid was 0.1-2μg (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 99.74%, RSD=1.28% (n=9). Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, with high reproducibility, which can be used for quality control ofQingyan Granule.

To review and analyze the pharmacological effect and underlying mechanism of Chinese lobelia. Methods:The references from home and abroad on the pharmacological effect and mechanism of Chinese lobelia in recent years were summarized and analyzed. Results:Chinese lobelia had wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, endothelial cells regulation, an-algesic and anti-inflammatory effect, inhibition against alpha glycosidase enzymes and myocardial ischemia reperfusion et al. Conclu-sion:A large number of effective compositions are in Chinese lobelia and the biological activity is extensive. The mechanism of biologi-cal activity should be further studied in-depth.

Objective To observe the expressions of serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)- Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) 3, 5 and to explore the clinical significances in patients with clear cell carcinoma of kidney. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were adopted to examine serum expressions of IGF-Ⅰ , Ⅱ and IGFBP 3, 5 in 40 cases with clear cell carcinoma of kidney (renal carcinoma group) and 16 cases with hydronephrosis (control group) from May 2007 to December 2009. Results IGF- Ⅰ , Ⅱ and IGFBP 3,5 in renal carcinoma showed higher expressions before operation (985. 7 μg/L, 1154.0 μg/L,46.6 μg/L and 9.6 μg/L, respectively)than after operation (431.4 μg/L, 632.6 μg/L, 26.7 μg/L, and 6.7 μg/L, respectively, all P＜0. 05 ～0.01). There were no significant differences in those indexes between pre- and post- operation in control group (P＞ 0. 05). Conclusions There are high expressions of serum IGF-Ⅰ , Ⅱ and IGFBP 3, 5 in renal carcinoma patients, and IGF- Ⅱ has clinical significance in diagnosis.