Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of modified Yiqi Huayu pelvic inflammation decoction combined with retention enema of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and moxibustion at Shenque acupoint in the treatment of patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (CPID).Methods:A total of 120 CPID patients admitted to the Qian′an City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into the control group (60 cases, treated with modified Yiqi Huayu pelvic inflammation decoction) and the observation group (60 cases, treated with modified Yiqi Huayu pelvic inflammation decoction plus TCM retention enema and moxibustion at Shenque acupoint) using a random number table. Each course of treatment was 3 weeks, with drug withdrawal for 1 week during menstruation, and continuous treatment for 2 courses. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed. The TCM symptom scores, blood microcirculation indicators [whole blood low shear viscosity (LBV), whole blood high shear viscosity (HBV), platelet aggregation rate (PAR), hematocrit (HCT)], and serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)] before and after treatment were compared. The patients were followed up for 3 months after treatment to compare the incidence of adverse reactions and recurrence between the two groups.Results:The total clinical effective rate of the observation group (95.00%, 57/60) was higher than that of the control group (83.33%, 50/60) ( P<0.05). After treatment, the individual scores of main and secondary symptoms and the total score of TCM syndrome in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of LBV, HBV, PAR, HCT, TNF-α, IL-2, HMGB1, and GM-CSF in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). During the 3-month follow-up after treatment, the recurrence rate of the observation group was 3.33%(2/60), which was lower than 15.00%(9/60) of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Modified Yiqi Huayu pelvic inflammation decoction combined with TCM retention enema and moxibustion at Shenque acupoint has a definite efficacy in the treatment of CPID. It can effectively relieve clinical symptoms, improve blood microcirculation and inflammatory factor levels of patients, with a low short-term recurrence rate and no significant increase in the incidence of adverse reactions.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of modified Yiqi Huayu pelvic inflammation decoction combined with retention enema of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and moxibustion at Shenque acupoint in the treatment of patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (CPID).Methods:A total of 120 CPID patients admitted to the Qian′an City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into the control group (60 cases, treated with modified Yiqi Huayu pelvic inflammation decoction) and the observation group (60 cases, treated with modified Yiqi Huayu pelvic inflammation decoction plus TCM retention enema and moxibustion at Shenque acupoint) using a random number table. Each course of treatment was 3 weeks, with drug withdrawal for 1 week during menstruation, and continuous treatment for 2 courses. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed. The TCM symptom scores, blood microcirculation indicators [whole blood low shear viscosity (LBV), whole blood high shear viscosity (HBV), platelet aggregation rate (PAR), hematocrit (HCT)], and serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)] before and after treatment were compared. The patients were followed up for 3 months after treatment to compare the incidence of adverse reactions and recurrence between the two groups.Results:The total clinical effective rate of the observation group (95.00%, 57/60) was higher than that of the control group (83.33%, 50/60) ( P<0.05). After treatment, the individual scores of main and secondary symptoms and the total score of TCM syndrome in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of LBV, HBV, PAR, HCT, TNF-α, IL-2, HMGB1, and GM-CSF in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). During the 3-month follow-up after treatment, the recurrence rate of the observation group was 3.33%(2/60), which was lower than 15.00%(9/60) of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Modified Yiqi Huayu pelvic inflammation decoction combined with TCM retention enema and moxibustion at Shenque acupoint has a definite efficacy in the treatment of CPID. It can effectively relieve clinical symptoms, improve blood microcirculation and inflammatory factor levels of patients, with a low short-term recurrence rate and no significant increase in the incidence of adverse reactions.

Threatened abortion is a common disease of obstetrics and gynecology and one of the diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The China Association of Chinese Medicine organized experts in TCM obstetrics and gynecology， Western medicine obstetrics and gynecology， and pharmacology to deeply discuss the advantages of TCM and integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment as well as the medication plans for threatened abortion. After discussion， the experts concluded that chromosome， endocrine， and immune abnormalities were the key factors for the occurrence of threatened abortion， and the Qi and blood disorders in thoroughfare and conception vessels were the core pathogenesis. In the treatment of threatened abortion， TCM has advantages in preventing miscarriages， alleviating clinical symptoms and TCM syndromes， relieving anxiety， regulating reproductive endocrine and immune abnormalities， personalized and diversified treatment， enhancing efficiency and reducing toxicity， and preventing the disease before occurrence. The difficulty in diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with traditional Chinese and Western medicine lies in identifying the predictors of abortion caused by maternal factors and the treatment of thrombophilia. Recurrent abortion is the breakthrough point of treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. It is urgent to carry out high-quality evidence-based medicine research in the future to improve the modern diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with TCM.

Objective:To evaluate the residual risk (RR) of transfusion transmitted HIV (TT-HIV) after the implementation of nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) in blood screening test among blood centers in China.Methods:The data of blood donors and HIV infection markers from 2017 to 2020 were collected from 28 blood centers via the Platform of Comparison of blood establishments Practice in Chinese Mainland. The new infection rate/window period mathematical model was used for two types of blood screening strategies, namely, two rounds ELISA plus individual NAT take turn with pooling NAT (2ELISA+ ID-NAT/MP-NAT) and two ELISA plus one round pooling NAT (2ELISA+ MP-NAT), and the RR of HIV infection was estimated also based on first donors (FDs) and repeated donors (RDs) in different blood donation years. T-test analyses were conducted for comparing TT HIV RR among FDs and RDs in different blood donation years with two blood screening strategies, and the variation trend of RR in HIV test was observed.Results:From 2017 to 2020, the RR of FDs in 2ELISA+ ID-NAT/MP-NAT blood screening strategy was 2.869/10 6 person-year, 3.795/10 6 persons-year, 3.879/10 6 person-year, and 2.890/10 6 person-year respectively. The RR of RDs was 1.797/10 6 person-year, 1.502/10 6 person-year, 1.857/10 6 person-year, and 1.483/10 6 person-year respectively. Significant difference exists between RR of FDs and RDs, with F=9.898 and p<0.05. In 2ELISA+ MP-NAT strategy, the RR of FDs was 3.508/10 6 person-year, 1.868/10 6 person-year, 2.204/10 6 person-year, and 1.765/10 6 person-year respectively. The RR of RDs was 0.948/10 6 person-year, 0.926/10 6 person-year, 0.748/10 6 person-year, and 0.682/10 6 person-year respectively. Statistical difference existed between RR of FDs and RDs, with F=17.126 and P<0.05. There was no significant difference between the RR of FDs in these two strategies with F=3.493 and P>0.05, while there was a difference between the RR of RDs in these two strategies with F=24.516 and P<0.05, and a difference between the RR of total donors (TDs) in these two strategies F=20.216 and P<0.05. Conclusions:The RR of TT HIV significantly decreased after the introduction of NAT into blood test among blood centers in China. There were some differences in the RR of HIV testing among different blood screening strategies. There could be significant differences in the RR of HIV testing among different groups of blood donors. Compared with FDs, RDs is the low risk group for HIV.

The mechanism of innate and adaptive immune responses to chronic infections with hepatotropic viruses (HBV, HCV) was studied in 2018. Its mechanism elucidated the dysregulation of natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, B cells and T cells. In addition, a new target for immune regulation of HBV infection (TLR3/OX40L) was introduced. The discovery of new NK cell immune checkpoints, the involvement of mononuclear macrophages in liver failure and inflammation, sex hormone affecting intrahepatic-resistant bacterial infection through the regulation of humoral immunity, and the communication mechanism between liver and other immune organs have enriched people's understanding of liver immunology and its clinical significance.

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are a major group of nonparenchymal cells in the liver and are involved in immunological surveillance of the liver through the expression of various scavenger receptors and pattern recognition receptors. However, in case of several physiological states, viral infections, and tumor environment, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells maintain immune tolerance in the liver through various mechanisms and cause persistent viral infection and tumor metastasis. This article reviews the mechanisms of immune tolerance of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in the liver induced by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells.

Objective:To determine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FrND) scale among smoking male inpatients with schizophrenia.Methods:Two hundred and twenty smoking male inpatients,who met criteria for schizophrenia of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ),were consecutively included.FTND scale and Russell's Reasons for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ) were used to assess subjects'severity of nicotine dependence and addiction score of the dimension of reason for smoking,respectively.According to the principle of voluntariness,37 subjects were selected and re-assessed with FTND scale after two-week interval.Reliability,correlation and factor analyses were used to examine the reliability and validity.Results:The Cronbach α (internal consistency) and two-week re-test reliability coefficients of FTND scale were 0.68 and 0.72 (P ＜0.01),respectively.The criterion related validity coefficient with addiction score of RRSQ was 0.53 (P ＜0.01).Two common factors were abstracted from the scale factor analysis,accounting for 52.4％ of the total variance.There were statistically significant differences between patients with different duration of illness,number of hospitalizations and age of smoking initiation (P ＜0.05).Conclusion:The Chinese version of FTND scale for smoking male inpatients with schizophrenia has a relatively low internal consistency and good re-test reliability,criterion related validity,construct validity and empirical validity.

Liver sinusoid endothelial cells are the first defense mechanism that protects the liver against various injuries,and they also play a significant role in the development of liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis caused by chronic liver injury.They are involved in liver fibrosis by mediating liver inflammation,participating in sinusoid capillarization and revascularization,activating hepatic stellate cells,secreting many proinflammatory cytokines,participating in extracellular matrix formation,and mediating liver microcirculation disturbance.Clarification of these mechanisms helps to identify new targets and develop new regimens for the treatment of liver fibrosis.

Fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) is an objective index of the activities of fetal cardiac electrophysiology. The acquired FECG is interfered by maternal electrocardiogram (MECG). How to extract the fetus ECG quickly and effectively has become an important research topic. During the non-invasive FECG extraction algorithms, independent component analysis(ICA) algorithm is considered as the best method, but the existing algorithms of obtaining the decomposition of the convergence properties of the matrix do not work effectively. Quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) is an intelligent optimization algorithm converging in the global. In order to extract the FECG signal effectively and quickly, we propose a method combining ICA and QPSO. The results show that this approach can extract the useful signal more clearly and accurately than other non-invasive methods.
Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Fetal Heart ; physiology ; Humans ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quantum Theory ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To investigate pulmonary capillary changes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Meth-otis Fifty-eight patients with diabetes mellitus were enrolled and forty-seven healthy subjects were taken as control. Diffusion capacity of carbonmonoxide (DLCO) and pulmonary ventilatory function were measured. DM and Vc were measured in twenty-one patients and twelve healthy subjects among them. Results FEV1/FVC was (81.02± 6.40) % in patients with diabetes mellitus and ( 81.20±6.96 ) % in controls, and FEV 1% was ( 102.03±14.40) in patients with diabetes mellitus and 103.94±11.42 in controls ,with no significant difference between patients with DLCO% was ( 72.79±19.85 ) % in patients with diabetes mellitus and ( 90.60±13.25 ) % in controls with a sig-patients whose course of disease was less than ten years,and DLCO% was (64.69±17.49)% in patients with dia-betes mellitus whose course of disease is equal or more than ten years and (80.90±18.98)% in patients whose course of disease is less than ten years,with significant difference between these two groups (t = 4.435, -3. 381, 13.88)% in patients with diabetes mellitas and (83.58±26.79)% in controls with a significant difference (t = 4. 612, P < 0.001 ). Vc was ( 61.40±52.84 ) ml in patients with diabetes mellitus and ( 66.99±19.63 ) ml in con-trols with no significant difference (P > 0.05 ), and Vc% was (78.05±64. 40)% in patients with diabetes mellitus and (79.33±23.32) % in controls, with no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusions Diffusing capacity is decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus, which is related to the course of disease . DM decline is the main cause of DLCO decrease in patients with diabetes mellitus.