Objective To conduct a comprehensive survey of the resource allocation and radiological diagnosis frequency in radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions in Shaanxi Province, and provide scientific evidence for optimizing regional medical resource allocation and formulating radiation protection strategies. Methods In 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1564 radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions in Shaanxi Province (excluding dental clinics and military/armed police force hospitals). Data on equipment configuration, personnel distribution, and number of diagnostic examinations were collected. Results There were a total of 8798 radiation workers engaged in radiological diagnosis and 3617 X-ray diagnostic units in Shaanxi Province. Moreover, 35.8% (3151) of the radiation workers and 21.9% (792) of the radiological diagnostic units were in tertiary hospitals. There were 91.5 X-ray diagnostic units per million population, including 53.2 X-ray radiography units and 17.1 computed tomography (CT) units per million population. In 2022, the total number of X-ray diagnostic examinations was 21 303 635, primarily including 10 812 197 (50.8%) X-ray radiography examinations and 8 969 358 (42.1%) CT examinations. Analysis of equipment utilization intensity showed that the average annual number of examinations per unit of radiological diagnostic equipment in tertiary hospitals reached 10 506.1, with CT equipment bearing the most prominent workload (13 248.7 examinations/unit). The overall radiological diagnosis frequency was 538.8 examinations/thousand population (273.4 X-ray radiography and 226.8 CT examinations/thousand population). Tertiary, secondary, and primary and below institutions accounted for 39.1%, 44.0%, and 16.9% of the total number of examinations, respectively. Conclusion The radiological diagnosis frequency in Shaanxi Province (538.8 examinations/thousand population) was below the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) Healthcare Level I (823 examinations/thousand population). Issues such as uneven resource distribution and CT equipment overload should be addressed by digital upgrading, hierarchical diagnosis and treatment systems, and enhanced equipment maintenance.

Mechanical thrombectomy,which improves the successful vascular recanalization rate and neurological functional prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)caused by anterior circulation large vessel occlusion,has become one of the primary therapeutic strategies.Among the pharmacologic adjuvant therapies for mechanical thrombectomy,tirofiban(a platelet glycoprotein Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a receptor antagonist)has attracted significant attention due to its antithrombotic mechanism.This article summarized the research progress of tirofiban in the mechanical thrombectomy treatment of AIS patients from the perspectives of pharmacological mechanisms,administration timing,selection of eligible populations,and dosage regimens.It also analyzed the clinical application value and existing controversies of tirofiban,aiming to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the AIS treatment system.

Intracranial aneurysm is a prevalent cerebrovascular disease,and its rupture can lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage,which is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates.Current treatment modalities for ruptured intracranial aneurysms primarily consist of surgical clipping and endovascular coiling.In recent years,the development and widespread clinical adoption of flow diverter have made these devices a prominent therapeutic option in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanism of flow diverter,the current status of flow diverter implantation in the treatment of ruptured aneurysms,strategies for antiplatelet medication,and innovations in flow diverter materials,aiming to offer a refence for clinical decision-making in the management of ruptured aneurysms.

Objective To establish baseline radiation dose data for computed tomography (CT) examinations in Shaanxi Province, China and to provide scientific evidence for optimizing medical radiation protection. Methods From 2020 to 2023, a multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted using 16 CT scanners across 9 hospitals (2 specialized pediatric hospitals and 7 general hospitals). Standardized registration forms were used to collect basic information (e.g., age and examination site), scanning parameters (e.g., tube voltage, tube current-time product, and scan length), and dosimetric parameters (volume CT dose index [CTDI_vol] and dose-length product [DLP]). Non-parametric tests were employed for intergroup comparisons. Results A significant positive correlation was observed between age and major CT scanning parameters. Both CTDI_vol and DLP increased significantly with age across all examination sites (P < 0.001). Abdominal CTDI_vol was significantly lower in specialized pediatric hospitals than in general hospitals (8.0 vs. 15.5 mGy, P < 0.001). The < 1-year age group showed higher abdominal CTDI_vol (13.2 vs. 8.6 mGy) but lower DLP (243.5 vs. 261.9 mGy·cm) compared to the 1- < 5-year group. Conclusion This study established the first baseline radiation dose database for CT examinations in Shaanxi Province, providing critical scientific support for developing regional diagnostic reference levels and optimizing radiological protection practices.

Taste is a sensation produced by the reaction of substances in the mouth with taste receptor cells， and a normal taste function is essential for our daily life and health. As receivers of taste molecules， taste receptors include sour， bitter， sweet， salty， and umami receptors， which are mainly distributed in the oral cavity， gastrointestinal tract， respiratory tract epithelium and other organs and play a physiological role. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has five flavors （sour， bitter， sweet， pungent， and salty）， which are closely related to the efficacy. Except the pungent flavor and umami taste receptors， the other five taste receptors correspond to the five flavors in the TCM theory， while the correlations between them have not been studied， such as those between bitter receptors and bitter TCM and between sweet receptors and sweet TCM. This article reviews the research reports on taste receptors in recent years. By analyzing the relationships of taste receptors with five flavors of TCM， signaling mechanisms， and diseases based on "receptor-TCM" correlations， this article puts forward the possibility of combining the TCM theory of five flavors with modern biomedical research， providing a reference for the research on "flavors" in TCM and the correlations between TCM and taste receptors.

Taste is a sensation produced by the reaction of substances in the mouth with taste receptor cells， and a normal taste function is essential for our daily life and health. As receivers of taste molecules， taste receptors include sour， bitter， sweet， salty， and umami receptors， which are mainly distributed in the oral cavity， gastrointestinal tract， respiratory tract epithelium and other organs and play a physiological role. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has five flavors （sour， bitter， sweet， pungent， and salty）， which are closely related to the efficacy. Except the pungent flavor and umami taste receptors， the other five taste receptors correspond to the five flavors in the TCM theory， while the correlations between them have not been studied， such as those between bitter receptors and bitter TCM and between sweet receptors and sweet TCM. This article reviews the research reports on taste receptors in recent years. By analyzing the relationships of taste receptors with five flavors of TCM， signaling mechanisms， and diseases based on "receptor-TCM" correlations， this article puts forward the possibility of combining the TCM theory of five flavors with modern biomedical research， providing a reference for the research on "flavors" in TCM and the correlations between TCM and taste receptors.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the advantages and effectiveness of the independently developed intelligent orthopedic robot-assisted distal locking of femoral intramedullary nails. METHODS: Thirty-two adult cadaveric femur specimens were randomly divided into two groups, with 16 specimens in each group. The experimental group used the intelligent orthopedic robot to assist in the distal locking of femoral intramedullary nail holes, while the control group used the traditional method of manual locking under X-ray fluoroscopy. The locking time, fluoroscopy times, and the success rate of first locking were recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The locking time of the experimental group was (273.94±38.67) seconds, which was shorter than that of the control group [(378.38±152.72) seconds], and number of fluoroscopies was (4.56±0.81) times, which was less than that of the control group [(8.00±3.98) times]. The differences were significant [ MD=73.054 (-37.187, 85.813), P=0.049; MD=1.969 (-1.437, 2.563), P=0.002]. The first locking success rate of the experimental group was 100% (16/16), which was significantly higher than that of the control group (68.75%, 11/16) ( P=0.043). CONCLUSION The efficiency of distal locking of femoral intramedullary nails assisted by the intelligent orthopedic robot is significantly higher than that of the traditional manual locking method under fluoroscopy, as it can markedly reduce the time required for distal locking of femoral intramedullary nails, decrease intraoperative radiation exposure, and increase the success rate of locking.
Humans ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/instrumentation* ; Bone Nails ; Fluoroscopy ; Femur/diagnostic imaging* ; Femoral Fractures/surgery* ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/instrumentation* ; Cadaver ; Adult ; Robotics ; Male

Mechanical thrombectomy,which improves the successful vascular recanalization rate and neurological functional prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)caused by anterior circulation large vessel occlusion,has become one of the primary therapeutic strategies.Among the pharmacologic adjuvant therapies for mechanical thrombectomy,tirofiban(a platelet glycoprotein Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a receptor antagonist)has attracted significant attention due to its antithrombotic mechanism.This article summarized the research progress of tirofiban in the mechanical thrombectomy treatment of AIS patients from the perspectives of pharmacological mechanisms,administration timing,selection of eligible populations,and dosage regimens.It also analyzed the clinical application value and existing controversies of tirofiban,aiming to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the AIS treatment system.

Intracranial aneurysm is a prevalent cerebrovascular disease,and its rupture can lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage,which is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates.Current treatment modalities for ruptured intracranial aneurysms primarily consist of surgical clipping and endovascular coiling.In recent years,the development and widespread clinical adoption of flow diverter have made these devices a prominent therapeutic option in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanism of flow diverter,the current status of flow diverter implantation in the treatment of ruptured aneurysms,strategies for antiplatelet medication,and innovations in flow diverter materials,aiming to offer a refence for clinical decision-making in the management of ruptured aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE To explore the changes in chemical compositions and the characteristics of “fried charcoal and saving properties” based on the carbon-frying process of Sophora japonica and its bud. METHODS The slightly， moderately and heavily carbon-fried samples of S. japonica and its bud were prepared. The fingerprints of S. japonica， its bud and carbon-fried samples were established， and common peaks were identified. HPLC method was used to determine the contents of identified components and differential analysis was also performed； the differential components were screened by using chemometric methods， and their content ratios were used to characterize the “fried charcoal and saving properties” of S. japonica and its bud. RESULTS There were 9 common peaks in the fingerprints of S. japonica and its carbon-fried samples， 8 common peaks in those of S. japonica bud and its carbon-fried samples. In the fingerprints of S. japonica and its bud， and their different fried products， 6 components were identified， such as rutin， kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside， isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside， quercetin， kaempferol，isorhamnetin. Among them， the contents of rutin， kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside were the highest in slightly carbon-fried samples of S. japonica bud， and the contents of quercetin and isorhamnetin were the highest in moderately carbon-fried samples of S. japonica bud， and the contents of kaempferol were higher in moderately and healily carbon-fried samples of S. japonica bud. The chemometric results showed that the variable importance projection values of rutin and quercetin were both greater than 1. The range of rutin-quercetin content ratio between 9.00-14.00 and 3.00-6.00 respectively could characterize “fried charcoal and saving properties” of S. japonica and its bud. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the chemical compositions of raw and fried products of S. japonica and its bud. Rutin and quercetin may be the differential components that affect their quality， and the ratio range of the two can be used to characterize the “fried charcoal and saving properties” of S. japonica and its bud in the future.