Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of category C intestinal infectious diseases among children and adolescents in Shenzhen from 2012 to 2024 and the association with meteorological factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for the targeted prevention and control of infectious diseases for children and adolescents. Methods: Using data from the "Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System" of the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System" covering the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2024, the study analyzed clinical and confirmed cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease, other infectious diarrhea, and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis among individuals aged 6-19 years old to describe demographic and temporal characteristics. It used Joinpoint regression to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change (APC) to analyze incidence trends, and Spearman s correlation was combined to generalize linear models so as to assess the association between category C intestinal infectious diseases and meteorological factors. Results: From 2012 to 2024, a cumulative total of 61 019 cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease among children and adolescents, 58 498 cases of other infectious diarrhea, and 6 377 cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis were reported. The AAPC in the incidence rates of these three diseases was 19.19%, 31.03% and 31.48 %, respectively(all P <0.05). Notably, the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease increased significantly after 2022 (APC= 133.66 %, P <0.01). The temporal distribution showed that hand,foot,and mouth disease was most prevalent in May,June and July (seasonal index of 2.39,3.64,1.97), other infectious diarrhea was most prevalent in February,March and December (seasonal index of 1.22,1.25,1.47), and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis peaked in September and October (seasonal index of 4.22,2.16). Monthly average temperature could increase the risk of hand,foot,and mouth disease( β = 0.18 ,95% CI =0.11-0.25); as monthly average wind speed increased, the incidence of other infectious diarrhea ( β =-0.86, 95% CI = -1.50 to -0.22) and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis ( β =-1.32, 95% CI =-2.60 to -0.05) both decreased (all P < 0.05 ). Conclusions Among children and adolescents in Shenzhen, category C intestinal infectious diseases remain prevalent throughout the year；the number of reported hand, foot, and mouth disease cases has shown an upward trend in recent years.Temperature and wind speed significantly affect the number of reported cases of three types with category C intestinal infectious diseases.

Objective:To analyze the temporal distribution of other infectious diarrhea (OID) in Shenzhen and provide evidence for the prevention and control of OID.Methods:The incidence data of OID in Shenzhen from 2011 to 2023 were collected. The seasonal and trend decomposition using loess (STL), seasonal index method, concentration degree and circular distribution method were used to analyze the incidence trend and temporal distribution of OID.Results:A total of 477 611 cases of OID were reported in Shenzhen from 2011 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 260.19/100 000 showing a fluctuating upward trend. The seasonal index method indicated that October-January was period with high incidence of OID in Shenzhen and the seasonal intensity began to decrease in 2020. STL revealed an obvious incidence peak in winter. The concentration method showed that OID had a certain seasonality before 2018 except 2016, but the seasonality was not obvious after 2018. The circular distribution results showed that r was 0.05, mean angle ā was 1.92° and angular standard deviation s was 141.93° ( Z=1 033.37, P<0.001), with the peak on January 1 st and the high incidence period from August 11 th to May 25 th. Conclusions:OID had a certain degree of seasonality in Shenzhen, with an obvious incidence peak in winter. Since the seasonal intensity of OID decreased after 2018, the surveillance, early warning and risk assessment of OID should be continued, and prevention and control measures should be adjusted timely according to the change in the characteristics of the epidemic.

Objectives:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trends of chronic hepatitis B in Shenzhen from 2005 to 2023, develop a prediction models with performance evaluation, explore its associations with social demographic index (SDI) and inform targeted prevention strategy development.Methods:Based on surveillance data of infectious diseases, descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the spatiotemporal and population distribution characteristics. A multifactorial prediction model integrating the SDI was established, and its predictive performance was evaluated by using data from 2020-2023. Model accuracy was evaluated by using root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error ( MAPE). The association between SDI and incidence rates was assessed through generalized linear models. Results:A total of 235 703 chronic hepatitis B cases were reported cumulatively in Shenzhen from 2005-2023, with an annual average incidence rate of 98.84/100 000. Long-term trends revealed a significant increase in the incidence from 2005 to 2019. The incidence rate was 2.48 times higher in men than in women, and the majority of cases occurred in age group 20-50 years. The cases were mainly workers in manufacturing and services. Seasonal incidence peaks were observed in March and during May to November. The overall SDI exhibited a consistent upward trend, and the positive correlation between SDI and incidence rate was observed in central urban districts (Futian and Nanshan). In contrast, industrial zones (Guangming and Bao'an) saw a significant decline in incidence rates due to intensified prevention interventions despite the increase of SDI level. Model predictions indicated that the multivariate long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning model integrating SDI parameters outperformed both the spatiotemporal covariate- enhanced model and the augmented Bayesian structural time series model, with MAPE of 4.71%, 7.66% and 10.30%, respectively. Conclusion:SDI is a key social determinant associated with hepatitis B transmission risks, and dynamic thresholds can be established to develop tiered early warning mechanisms. It is suggested to integrate multisource SDI data into the LSTM framework, implement targeted interventions such as "rapid antibody screening in key areas + vaccination boosters for high-risk populations" and improve the timeliness of epidemic response through hybrid models to reduce disease burden level.

Objective:To analyze the temporal distribution of other infectious diarrhea (OID) in Shenzhen and provide evidence for the prevention and control of OID.Methods:The incidence data of OID in Shenzhen from 2011 to 2023 were collected. The seasonal and trend decomposition using loess (STL), seasonal index method, concentration degree and circular distribution method were used to analyze the incidence trend and temporal distribution of OID.Results:A total of 477 611 cases of OID were reported in Shenzhen from 2011 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 260.19/100 000 showing a fluctuating upward trend. The seasonal index method indicated that October-January was period with high incidence of OID in Shenzhen and the seasonal intensity began to decrease in 2020. STL revealed an obvious incidence peak in winter. The concentration method showed that OID had a certain seasonality before 2018 except 2016, but the seasonality was not obvious after 2018. The circular distribution results showed that r was 0.05, mean angle ā was 1.92° and angular standard deviation s was 141.93° ( Z=1 033.37, P<0.001), with the peak on January 1 st and the high incidence period from August 11 th to May 25 th. Conclusions:OID had a certain degree of seasonality in Shenzhen, with an obvious incidence peak in winter. Since the seasonal intensity of OID decreased after 2018, the surveillance, early warning and risk assessment of OID should be continued, and prevention and control measures should be adjusted timely according to the change in the characteristics of the epidemic.

Objectives:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trends of chronic hepatitis B in Shenzhen from 2005 to 2023, develop a prediction models with performance evaluation, explore its associations with social demographic index (SDI) and inform targeted prevention strategy development.Methods:Based on surveillance data of infectious diseases, descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the spatiotemporal and population distribution characteristics. A multifactorial prediction model integrating the SDI was established, and its predictive performance was evaluated by using data from 2020-2023. Model accuracy was evaluated by using root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error ( MAPE). The association between SDI and incidence rates was assessed through generalized linear models. Results:A total of 235 703 chronic hepatitis B cases were reported cumulatively in Shenzhen from 2005-2023, with an annual average incidence rate of 98.84/100 000. Long-term trends revealed a significant increase in the incidence from 2005 to 2019. The incidence rate was 2.48 times higher in men than in women, and the majority of cases occurred in age group 20-50 years. The cases were mainly workers in manufacturing and services. Seasonal incidence peaks were observed in March and during May to November. The overall SDI exhibited a consistent upward trend, and the positive correlation between SDI and incidence rate was observed in central urban districts (Futian and Nanshan). In contrast, industrial zones (Guangming and Bao'an) saw a significant decline in incidence rates due to intensified prevention interventions despite the increase of SDI level. Model predictions indicated that the multivariate long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning model integrating SDI parameters outperformed both the spatiotemporal covariate- enhanced model and the augmented Bayesian structural time series model, with MAPE of 4.71%, 7.66% and 10.30%, respectively. Conclusion:SDI is a key social determinant associated with hepatitis B transmission risks, and dynamic thresholds can be established to develop tiered early warning mechanisms. It is suggested to integrate multisource SDI data into the LSTM framework, implement targeted interventions such as "rapid antibody screening in key areas + vaccination boosters for high-risk populations" and improve the timeliness of epidemic response through hybrid models to reduce disease burden level.

From June 16 to 30, 2023, men who have sex with men (MSM) who had visited Voluntary Counseling Testing (VCT) clinics in the Luohu, Futian and Nanshan districts of Shenzhen were included in this study to analyze their awareness of Mpox and the influencing factors. The mean age of the 262 MSM was (34.78±8.94) years, with the majority being unmarried (75.2%) and 79.0% confirmed to be infected with HIV. The awareness rates for five primary indicators, current status of Mpox, pathogen and source of infection, mode of transmission, population susceptibility, clinical manifestations and treatment were 68.4%, 84.7%, 60.3%, 87.8%, and 52.5%, respectively. The awareness rates for five secondary indicators, earliest transmission location (44.7%), main mode of transmission (54.2%), role of masks (46.9%), drug accessibility (46.6%), and self-limiting nature (38.2%) were all below 60%. The MSM population in Shenzhen perceived their likelihood of being infected (2.76±1.32) and discriminated against (3.87±1.26) as relatively low. The logistic analysis showed that the high school or vocational school education ( OR:3.094, 95 %CI:1.180-9.299), college or above education ( OR:5.360, 95% CI:2.159-15.501), and higher scores on questions affecting learning or work ( OR:2.196, 95% CI:1.409-3.599) were promoting factors for Mpox awareness, while higher scores on questions concerning the possibility of Mpox mortality ( OR:0.591, 95% CI:0.432-0.791) was the hindering factor for Mpox awareness.

From June 16 to 30, 2023, men who have sex with men (MSM) who had visited Voluntary Counseling Testing (VCT) clinics in the Luohu, Futian and Nanshan districts of Shenzhen were included in this study to analyze their awareness of Mpox and the influencing factors. The mean age of the 262 MSM was (34.78±8.94) years, with the majority being unmarried (75.2%) and 79.0% confirmed to be infected with HIV. The awareness rates for five primary indicators, current status of Mpox, pathogen and source of infection, mode of transmission, population susceptibility, clinical manifestations and treatment were 68.4%, 84.7%, 60.3%, 87.8%, and 52.5%, respectively. The awareness rates for five secondary indicators, earliest transmission location (44.7%), main mode of transmission (54.2%), role of masks (46.9%), drug accessibility (46.6%), and self-limiting nature (38.2%) were all below 60%. The MSM population in Shenzhen perceived their likelihood of being infected (2.76±1.32) and discriminated against (3.87±1.26) as relatively low. The logistic analysis showed that the high school or vocational school education ( OR:3.094, 95 %CI:1.180-9.299), college or above education ( OR:5.360, 95% CI:2.159-15.501), and higher scores on questions affecting learning or work ( OR:2.196, 95% CI:1.409-3.599) were promoting factors for Mpox awareness, while higher scores on questions concerning the possibility of Mpox mortality ( OR:0.591, 95% CI:0.432-0.791) was the hindering factor for Mpox awareness.

ObjectiveTo compare the quality of two kinds of honey-processed Lilii Bulbus（HPLB） prepared by empirical and pharmacopoeial methods based on chemical analysis and intelligent sensory technology， and to improve and upgrade the quality standard of HPLB on the basis of excavating and inheriting the traditional experience of famous experts in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. MethodSamples of HPLB were prepared according to the method in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia（honey was added before frying） and the empirical method of the old pharmacists（honey was added after frying）， and the appearance characteristics， thin layer chromatography（TLC） identification， inspection， leachables and other items of the two kinds of samples were detected according to the methods under the Lilii Bulbus in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The fingerprints of HPLB with different honey addition methods were established by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the contents of regaloside A， regaloside B and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural（5-HMF） were determined， the quality difference between the two HPLB samples was evaluated by multivariate statistical analysis. Meanwhile， electronic nose and electronic tongue were used to measure the sense of smell and taste， and combined with multivariate statistical analysis， the difference sensors were screened with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 in order to compare the differences between the two kinds of HPLB. ResultCompared with HPLB prepared by the pharmacopoeial method， the sample prepared by the empirical method had lower water content， slightly higher soluble extract content， better appearance and easy storage. HPLC fingerprints of two kinds of HPLB samples were established， and the similarity between them was≥0.999， indicating that the composition of two species was similar. And 29 common peaks were calibrated， among which peaks 8 and 18 were regaloside A and regaloside B. The quantitative analysis of the index components in the two kinds of HPLB samples showed that the difference in the contents of regaloside A and regaloside B was not statistically significant， whereas the content of 5-HMF in empirical HPLB was significantly higher than that of the pharmacopoeial HPLB（P<0.01）. The electronic tongue and electronic nose test results showed that the umami， umami richness and saltiness of the empirical HPLB were higher than those of the pharmacopoeial HPLB. The results of electronic nose detection showed that the four sensors W1W， W2S， W5S and W1S were the differential odor sensors of the two samples， among which the response values of W1S and W2S sensors were higher than those of the pharmacopoeial HPLB， which might be related to the content of 5-HMF. ConclusionCompared with the pharmacopoeial HPLB， the empirical sample is of better quality， but the two can be clearly distinguished by electronic nose and electronic tongue， which can provide a reference for excavating and inheriting the traditional experience of famous experts in TCM and further improving the processing methods and quality standards of HPLB.

OBJECTIVE To explore the changes in chemical compositions and the characteristics of “fried charcoal and saving properties” based on the carbon-frying process of Sophora japonica and its bud. METHODS The slightly， moderately and heavily carbon-fried samples of S. japonica and its bud were prepared. The fingerprints of S. japonica， its bud and carbon-fried samples were established， and common peaks were identified. HPLC method was used to determine the contents of identified components and differential analysis was also performed； the differential components were screened by using chemometric methods， and their content ratios were used to characterize the “fried charcoal and saving properties” of S. japonica and its bud. RESULTS There were 9 common peaks in the fingerprints of S. japonica and its carbon-fried samples， 8 common peaks in those of S. japonica bud and its carbon-fried samples. In the fingerprints of S. japonica and its bud， and their different fried products， 6 components were identified， such as rutin， kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside， isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside， quercetin， kaempferol，isorhamnetin. Among them， the contents of rutin， kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside were the highest in slightly carbon-fried samples of S. japonica bud， and the contents of quercetin and isorhamnetin were the highest in moderately carbon-fried samples of S. japonica bud， and the contents of kaempferol were higher in moderately and healily carbon-fried samples of S. japonica bud. The chemometric results showed that the variable importance projection values of rutin and quercetin were both greater than 1. The range of rutin-quercetin content ratio between 9.00-14.00 and 3.00-6.00 respectively could characterize “fried charcoal and saving properties” of S. japonica and its bud. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the chemical compositions of raw and fried products of S. japonica and its bud. Rutin and quercetin may be the differential components that affect their quality， and the ratio range of the two can be used to characterize the “fried charcoal and saving properties” of S. japonica and its bud in the future.

Objective:To explore the anatomical parameters of the ideal trajectory for pedicle screw fixation through the lamina in the treatment of L 5 spondylolysis. Methods:CT data from 40 male patients with bilateral L 5 spondylolysis (age, 24.95±4.01 years; range, 20-36 years), treated at the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force between January 2021 and June 2024, were analyzed. Three-dimensional vertebral models were reconstructed using this data. Measurements included the lumbosacral angle, the thickness at the midpoint of the superior and inferior lamina edges, mid-lamina thickness, the distance from the lateral edge of the lamina to the spinous process midline, the thickness at the defect of the pars interarticularis, and the vertical diameter of the defect. The screws were inserted from the inferior edge of the lamina, passing through the pars interarticularis defect, and exiting at the superior edge of the pedicle. In the vertical direction of the lamina, the inferior and superior edges of the lamina were divided into three zones, named A, B, C (for the inferior lamina edge) and 1, 2, 3 (for the superior pedicle edge). Seven trajectories (A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C2, and C3) were designed by combining these zones. Screws with diameters of 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, and 3.5 mm were sequentially inserted along each trajectory. Screw trajectories with an insertion success rate ≥95% were selected and evaluated for feasibility. Parameters such as screw length, medial inclination angle, caudal inclination angle, and entry point position were measured. The ideal trajectory and screw dimensions were determined by considering anatomical features, screw characteristics, and insertion safety. Results:The measurement results from the 3D model showed that the lumbosacral angle was 36.22°±5.23°, and the midpoint thickness of the superior lamina edge was 4.14±0.66 mm (left) and 4.18±0.65 mm (right), the mid-lamina thickness was 6.73±0.72 mm (left) and 6.72±0.70 mm (right), the midpoint thickness of the inferior lamina edge was 6.50±0.56 mm (left) and 6.50±0.66 mm (right), the distance from the lateral edge of the lamina to the spinous process midline was 25.95±2.86 mm (left) and 26.39±3.10 mm (right), the thickness at the pars defect was 9.67±0.57 mm (left) and 9.67±0.51 mm (right), and the vertical diameter of the pars defect was 18.76±2.16 mm (left) and 19.26±2.03 mm (right). No statistically significant differences were found between the left and right sides for these parameters ( P>0.05). The trajectories considered feasible and with an insertion success rate ≥95% were B2, B3, C2, and C3. Safe screw diameters were B2 (4.5 mm), B3 (4.0 mm), C2 (4.0 mm), and C3 (3.5 mm). Corresponding screw lengths were B2 (38.28±2.34 mm), B3 (37.03±2.99 mm), C2 (38.37±2.42 mm), and C3 (36.88±2.87 mm). The caudal inclination angles were B2 (52.73°±5.29°), B3 (55.06°± 4.46°), C2 (49.09°±3.92°), and C3 (50.18°±4.36°). The medial inclination angles were B2 (21.21°±3.01°), B3 (5.11°±1.58°), C2 (22.55°±2.46°), and C3 (12.59°±1.80°). The distances from the entry point to the spinous process midline were B2 (13.23±1.68 mm), B3 (13.15±1.46 mm), C2 (11.12±0.64 mm), and C3 (11.09±0.65 mm). The distances from the entry point to the root of the spinous process were B2 (8.23±1.46 mm), B3 (8.21±1.31 mm), C2 (6.65 ±0.76 mm), and C3 (6.67±0.72 mm). Differences in screw length, caudal inclination angle, medial inclination angle, and entry point position across trajectories were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The ideal screw trajectory for L 5 spondylolysis involves insertion through the midpoint of the entry zone, passing through the pars defect, and exiting at the midpoint of the superior edge of the pedicle. The optimal entry point is located on the inferior edge of the lamina, 8.23±1.46 mm from the root of the spinous process and 13.23±1.68 mm from the spinous process midline. The screw should be placed at a caudal inclination angle of 52.73°±5.29° and a medial inclination angle of 21.21°±3.01°. The recommended screw length is 38.28±2.34 mm, with a diameter of 4.5 mm (range, 4.5-5.0 mm).