Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella among nursery children in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024, and to evaluate the impact of optimizing varicella vaccine (VarV) immunization strategies on varicella incidence. Methods: Varicella incidence data for nursery children in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024 were obtained from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The study period was divided into three phases:one dose self pay VarV (January 2015 to October 2017), two dose self pay VarV (November 2017 to October 2019), and two dose free VarV (November 2019 to December 2024). Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was conducted to assess changes in the level and trend of varicella incidence associated with each phase of policy implementation. Results: A total of 27 517 varicella cases was reported among nursery children from 2015 to 2024, with an average annual incidence of 514.01/100 000. During the same period, 136 clustered outbreaks were reported in nursery institutions, involving a cumulative total of 1 091 cases. ITS analysis showed that during the self pay 1 dose stage, the varicella incidence among nursery children showed an upward trend, with an average monthly increase of 2.58/100 000 (95% CI =2.21/ 100 000 -2.95/100 000, P <0.01). After the implementation of the self pay 2 dose strategy, the incidence decreased, with a change in incidence of -26.12/100 000 (95% CI =-37.30/100 000 to -14.94/100 000) and a change in slope of -2.65/100 000 (95% CI = -3.38/100 000 to -1.93/100 000)(all P <0.01). After the implementation of the free 2 dose strategy, the incidence decreased further, with a change in incidence of -40.03/100 000 (95% CI =-50.39/100 000 to -29.66/100 000, P <0.01) and a change in slope of -0.56/100 000 (95% CI =-1.20/100 000-0.08/100 000, P =0.09). Conclusion The gradual optimization of the VarV vaccination strategy in Shenzhen from self pay 1 dose to free 2 dose has significantly reduced the varicella incidence among nursery children, demonstrating good short term control and long term intervention effectiveness.

Objective:The time to local recurrence of rectal cancer affects patient prognosis.Our study aimed to establish a clear threshold to distinguish between early and late recurrence and analyze their risk and prognostic factors.Methods:We conducted a retrospective se-lection and analysis of clinical data from 111 patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer(LRRC)who underwent proctectomy at Tianjin Med-ical University Cancer Institute&Hospital between January 2006 and December 2019.The minimum P-value approach and Log-rank test were used to determine the cut-off values of early recurrence(ER)and late recurrence(LR).Risk factors for early recurrence were analyzed using Logistic regression models,and prognostic factors associated with additional surgery were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.Results:Based on the minimum P value approach,the optimal interval to distinguish early from late recurrence was 26 months(P<0.001).In the ER cohort,the median recurrence-free survival(RFS)was 14.1 months and post-recurrence survival(PRS)was 23.7 months.The median RFS of LR patients was 33.4 months,whereas the median PRS was 35.8 months.The 5-year survival rates in the ER and LR groups were 32.5%and 57.1%,respectively(P<0.001).In the univariate analysis,poor differentiation,positive lymph nodes,presence of lymphovascular invasion,and absence of radiotherapy enhanced the likelihood of early recurrence.Furthermore,only radiotherapy caused a significant difference in the multivariate analysis.Conclusions:Early recurrence of rectal cancer can be defined as recurrence within 26 months after radical surgery,and patients with early recurrence have a poorer prognosis.

Objective:The time to local recurrence of rectal cancer affects patient prognosis.Our study aimed to establish a clear threshold to distinguish between early and late recurrence and analyze their risk and prognostic factors.Methods:We conducted a retrospective se-lection and analysis of clinical data from 111 patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer(LRRC)who underwent proctectomy at Tianjin Med-ical University Cancer Institute&Hospital between January 2006 and December 2019.The minimum P-value approach and Log-rank test were used to determine the cut-off values of early recurrence(ER)and late recurrence(LR).Risk factors for early recurrence were analyzed using Logistic regression models,and prognostic factors associated with additional surgery were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.Results:Based on the minimum P value approach,the optimal interval to distinguish early from late recurrence was 26 months(P<0.001).In the ER cohort,the median recurrence-free survival(RFS)was 14.1 months and post-recurrence survival(PRS)was 23.7 months.The median RFS of LR patients was 33.4 months,whereas the median PRS was 35.8 months.The 5-year survival rates in the ER and LR groups were 32.5%and 57.1%,respectively(P<0.001).In the univariate analysis,poor differentiation,positive lymph nodes,presence of lymphovascular invasion,and absence of radiotherapy enhanced the likelihood of early recurrence.Furthermore,only radiotherapy caused a significant difference in the multivariate analysis.Conclusions:Early recurrence of rectal cancer can be defined as recurrence within 26 months after radical surgery,and patients with early recurrence have a poorer prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a severe congenital disorder characterized by vaginal hypoplasia caused by dysplasia of the Müllerian duct. Patients with MRKH syndrome often require nonsurgical or surgical treatment to achieve satisfactory vaginal length and sexual outcomes. The extracellular matrix has been successfully used for vaginal reconstruction. METHODS: In this study, we developed a new biological material derived from porcine vagina (acellular vaginal matrix, AVM) to reconstruct the vagina in Bama miniature pigs. The histological characteristics and efficacy of acellularization of AVM were evaluated, and AVM was subsequently transplanted into Bama miniature pigs to reconstruct the vaginas. RESULTS: Macroscopic analysis showed that the neovaginas functioned well in all Bama miniature pigs with AVM implants. Histological analysis and electrophysiological evidence indicated that morphological and functional recovery was restored in normal vaginal tissues. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the neovaginas had mucosal folds characteristics of normal vagina. No significant differences were observed in the expression of CK14, HSP47, and a-actin between the neovaginas and normal vaginal tissues. However, the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) was significantly lower in the neovaginas than in normal vaginal tissues. In addition, AVM promoted the expression of b-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1. These results suggest that AVM might promotes vaginal regeneration by activating the b-catenin/cMyc/cyclin D1 pathway. CONCLUSION This study reveals that porcine-derived AVM has potential application for vaginal regeneration.

Purpose To explore the application value of contrast agent in non-vascular channel. Material and Methods Totally 68 patients with drainage tube/stoma were collected in the pattern of real-time contrast enhanced ultrasound. Position, scope and moving of contrast agent in non-vascular channel were observed. Results It was accurately revealed enhanced areas in 68 cases of drainage tube and stoma, including 9 abnormal cases. CEUS implied 3 cases of failed drainage ifrstly, 5 cases of bleeding and 1 case gallbladder stone. It judged the degree and location in 25 PTBD cases and 22 PCN cases. The distance with renal hilum of one parapelvic cyst was measured accurately. Conclusion It is very important in diagnosis and treatment of interventional ultrasound to CEUS, therefore is worthy of wide application.

Early diagnosis is the key factor to improve the cure rate and the survival rate of prostate cancer. This article reviewed the main diagnostic techniques of prostate cancer and related progress in research and clinical application.