Objective:To evaluate the levels and source of cadmium exposure by dietary pathway among middle-aged and elderly people ≥40 in cadmium-contaminated areas of China.Methods:A total of 7 193 people aged 40-89 years from four typical cadmium-contaminated areas in China were selected as the study subjects. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Total Diet Study (TDS) and a 3-day-24-hour dietary recall survey were conducted. Dietary cadmium intake and food sources through dietary pathways were assessed based on cadmium content in foods, consumption amounts and intake frequencies.Results:The mean age of the participants was 63.39±12.21 years, with 50.05% being males. The average monthly dietary cadmium intake was 7.39 μg/(kg·BW). Staple foods and vegetables were the primary sources of dietary cadmium intake, accounting for 57.51% and 32.48%, respectively. The monthly dietary cadmium intake in all surveyed regions did not exceed the Provisional Tolerable Monthly Intake (PTMI) recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).Conclusion:The monthly dietary cadmium intake among middle-aged and elderly people in cadmium-contaminated areas of China is relatively low, with the risk remaining at an acceptable level. Staple foods and vegetables are the most significant contributors to dietary cadmium intake.

Objective:To evaluate the levels and source of cadmium exposure by dietary pathway among middle-aged and elderly people ≥40 in cadmium-contaminated areas of China.Methods:A total of 7 193 people aged 40-89 years from four typical cadmium-contaminated areas in China were selected as the study subjects. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Total Diet Study (TDS) and a 3-day-24-hour dietary recall survey were conducted. Dietary cadmium intake and food sources through dietary pathways were assessed based on cadmium content in foods, consumption amounts and intake frequencies.Results:The mean age of the participants was 63.39±12.21 years, with 50.05% being males. The average monthly dietary cadmium intake was 7.39 μg/(kg·BW). Staple foods and vegetables were the primary sources of dietary cadmium intake, accounting for 57.51% and 32.48%, respectively. The monthly dietary cadmium intake in all surveyed regions did not exceed the Provisional Tolerable Monthly Intake (PTMI) recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).Conclusion:The monthly dietary cadmium intake among middle-aged and elderly people in cadmium-contaminated areas of China is relatively low, with the risk remaining at an acceptable level. Staple foods and vegetables are the most significant contributors to dietary cadmium intake.

Objective To OvaluatO thO Officacy and safOty of indinO of compositO Huaihua fructus posralOaO combinOd with fractional CO2 lasOr on acral stablO vitiligo.Methods From OctobOr 2014 to August 2017, 79 casOs with acral stablO vitiligo in thO Sixth POoplO′s Hospital of Dongguan wOrO randomly dividOd into trOatmOnt group and control group according to thO digital tablO. ThO trOatmOnt group(51 casOs) was trOatOd with fractional CO2 lasOr onO timO a month for four timOs, and thO sOcond day was givOn topical indinO of compositO Huaihua fructus posralOaO twicO a day. ThO control group(28 casOs) was trOatOd with topical indinO of compositO Huaihua fructus posralOaO twicO a day. ThO trOatmOnt OffOct was obsOrvOd aftOr trOatmOnt for 3 months and 6 months. Results AftOr trOatmOnt for 3 months and 6 months, thO total OffOctivO ratOs of thO trOatmOnt group wOrO 39.22% , 62.75% ,rOspOctivOly, which wOrO significantly highOr than thosO of thO control group(32.14% , 42.86% ) (χ2 =12.557,18.021,all P<0.05). No sOrious advOrsO OvOnt was obsOrvOd in thO two groups.Conclusion IndinO of compositO Huaihua fructus posralOaO combinOd with fractional CO2 lasOr is safO and OffOctivO in thO trOatmOnt of stablO sporadic vitiligo.

Objective To shorten the turn around time of positive blood culture results by optimizing the blood culture positive specimen processing flow.Methods In January 26,2015,the microbiology department started the blood culture positive specimen processing flow optimization project,and applied the Lean Six Sigma method in the microbiological process management.The TAT data of 124 positive blood cultures containing Enterobacteriaceae were collected before and after the start of the project in about two months.We analyzed the turnaround time median,mean and standard deviation and reference Z value,process performance index,millions of error opportunities.We decompose the turnaround time into six time periods to find the key points of the process improvement and the influencing factors,and then put forward the reform measures to optimize the blood culture inspection process.MiniTab17.0 statistical software was used to process capability analysis and double sample t test.Results After the implementation of the project,the average turnaround time of the blood culture was shortened from 77.10 h to 64.03 h,improved by 13.06 h(16.94％).Process performance greatly improved in Ppk value increased from 0.49 to 0.88,the benchmark Z value increased from 1.48 to 2.63.After the improvement,except the positive alarm time of blood culture,the mean of the other decomposition time was significantly shorter than before.Conclusions The application of Six Sigma in process management can greatly improve the work efficiency and process performance.This project can save a lot of manpower,material and financial resources,reduce the waiting,shorten turnaround time,that achieve the desired results.