Objective:To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharide(APS)on macrophage phagocytosis of P.aerugino-sa and its related mechanism.Methods:The effect of APS on the activity of macrophages was detected by CCK-8 assay.The effect of APS on macrophage phagocytosis related signal pathways were detected by Western blot.Gentamicin protection test and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the effect of APS on macrophage phagocytosis of P.aeruginosa.Then the macrophages were pretreated with the inhibitors of TLR4,NF-κB,STAT3,MAPK and PI3K to assess the mechanism mediating APS on macrophage phagocytosis.Results:APS promotes the activity of macrophages,and significantly promoted the phagocytosis of P.aeruginosa by macrophages.Fur-thermore,macrophage phagocytosis of P.aeruginosa was significantly inhibited by TLR4 inhibitors(TAK242)and PI3K inhibitors(LY294002),but not affected by NF-κB,STAT3 and MAPK inhibitors.Conclusion:APS has no toxicity on macrophages,and can promote the phagocytosis of macrophages to P.aeruginosa,the underlying mechanism may be related to TLR4/PI3K pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharide(APS)on macrophage phagocytosis of P.aerugino-sa and its related mechanism.Methods:The effect of APS on the activity of macrophages was detected by CCK-8 assay.The effect of APS on macrophage phagocytosis related signal pathways were detected by Western blot.Gentamicin protection test and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the effect of APS on macrophage phagocytosis of P.aeruginosa.Then the macrophages were pretreated with the inhibitors of TLR4,NF-κB,STAT3,MAPK and PI3K to assess the mechanism mediating APS on macrophage phagocytosis.Results:APS promotes the activity of macrophages,and significantly promoted the phagocytosis of P.aeruginosa by macrophages.Fur-thermore,macrophage phagocytosis of P.aeruginosa was significantly inhibited by TLR4 inhibitors(TAK242)and PI3K inhibitors(LY294002),but not affected by NF-κB,STAT3 and MAPK inhibitors.Conclusion:APS has no toxicity on macrophages,and can promote the phagocytosis of macrophages to P.aeruginosa,the underlying mechanism may be related to TLR4/PI3K pathway.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenic variants and function of a pedigree with syndromic hearing loss using high-throughput sequencing.Methods:Detailed medical history and pedigree history were inquired, and a pedigree chart was drawn. Hearing examinations were performed on this pedigree, and whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to screen for suspected pathogenic variants. Then, Sanger sequencing was used to test co-segregation in the family, and transcriptome sequencing was used to investigate the effect of a variant on splicing.Results:The proband has auditory neuropathy combined with symptoms such as development delay, muscle weakness, and seizure. The patient carries two variants in NARS2 (NM_024678.6), namely: c.779A>C (p.Glu260Ala) and c.372+3A>G (intronic variant), of which c.779A>C is inherited from the father and c.372+3A>G from the mother. Both variants have not been reported in the literature or included in any databases. Transcriptome sequencing results indicate that the c.372+3A>G variant leads to the skipping of the third exon during transcription. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG) guidelines, the c.779A>C variant and c.372+3A>G are classified as likely pathogenic. Based on the patient′s phenotype and genetic testing results, the proband has been diagnosed with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 24(COXPD24). Conclusions:The pathogenic variants in the NARS2 gene are the underlying cause of the patient′s disease. The identification of novel variants enriches the mutational spectrum of the NARS2 gene, providing evidence for further clarification of the relationship between NARS2 and COXPD24.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of ectopic bronchogenic cysts in children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data including the clinical characteristics, auxiliary examination and treatment of 21 children with ectopic bronchogenic cysts diagnosed pathologically at Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from July 2015 to December 2023. There were 16 males and 5 females, with a male-female ratio of 3.2∶1, and the age ranged from 4 days to 8 years old (median age 2 years and 8 months).Results:Among the 21 cases of ectopic bronchogenic cysts, 11 cases were found in the pharynx, with symptoms including dyspnea (4 cases), snoring during sleep (3 cases), and choking on milk(4 cases).Ten cases were found in the head, neck or anterior chest, 5 of these cases had infection history, and 5 showed progressive mass growth.Imaging and endoscopy showed 9 patients underwent preoperative color ultrasonography revealed cystic masses with well-defined boundaries. CT examination was performed on 13 patients, which showed round or nearly round masses with homogeneous density, smooth margins, and regular cyst walls. CT attenuation values ranged from 2 to 52 Hounsfield Units (HU). Four cystic lesions were assessed via MRI, 3 cases demonstrated long T1 and long T2 signals, while 1 case had a slight short T1 and long T2 signal, with high signal intensity on fat-suppressed images. Eleven cases of pharyngopharyngeal cysts were examined by electronic nasopharyngoscopy. The cysts appeared as spherical or ovoid masses with smooth surfaces, close to or slightly light in color with the surrounding tissue, with one cyst presenting with a bluish blue in the oropharynx. All 11 pharyngeal cysts were excised using low-temperature plasma under general anesthesia and intubation assisted by a nasal endoscope. The cysts were pulled and excised as completely as possible.Ten cases of neck and anterior chest cysts were completely excised. Postoperative histopathology confirmed bronchogenic cyst. Twenty-one children were followed up postoperatively for 4 months to 7 years without recurrence, except for 1 patient who was lost to follow-up.Conclusions:Ectopic bronchogenic cysts are uncommon and lack of typical imaging and clinical features.Combination of ultrasonography, CT and MRI is recommended for cases occuered in neck and anterior chest, while electronic nasopharyngoscopy complements pharyngeal evaluations. Surgical intervention is the preferred treatment choice for this disease.

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types in patients with osteoporosis and the distribution differences of clinical and serological indicators in TCM syndrome types.Meth-ods A total of 69 patients with osteoporosis were collected from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine and Qifu Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University.The general information,bone mineral density T value,fasting periph-eral venous blood in the morning were collected.The expression of telomerase protective factor 1(POT1),telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT),serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG)and superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2)were detected by ELISA.Finally,the above data were statistically analyzed.Results There were significant differences in body weight,height,bone mineral density,POT1,TERT,and 8-OHdG among the four syndromes(P＜0.05).In terms of correlation,the relation-ship between bone mineral density and each parameter in different syndrome types was explored.The bone mineral density of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome was positively correlated with SOD2 value.There is a positive correlation between bone min-eral density and 8-OHdG in patients with Yin deficiency of liver and kidney.TERT was positively correlated with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome.Liver and kidney Yin deficiency syndrome was positively correlated with weight and bone mineral den-sity,and negatively correlated with TERT value.Weight was negatively correlated with qi and blood stasis syndrome.Conclusion In TCM syndrome differentiation of osteoporosis,there were statistical differences in weight,height,bone mineral density,ser-um POT1,TERT and 8-OHdG among Qi-stagnation and blood stasis,spleen-kidney Yang deficiency,liver-kidney Yin deficiency and Qi-blood-peace syndrome.In different syndrome types,serum SOD2 and 8-OHdG were the influencing factors of bone miner-al density.Serum TERT and 8-OHdG are the main factors affecting the dialectical classification of osteoporosis.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenic variants and function of a pedigree with syndromic hearing loss using high-throughput sequencing.Methods:Detailed medical history and pedigree history were inquired, and a pedigree chart was drawn. Hearing examinations were performed on this pedigree, and whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to screen for suspected pathogenic variants. Then, Sanger sequencing was used to test co-segregation in the family, and transcriptome sequencing was used to investigate the effect of a variant on splicing.Results:The proband has auditory neuropathy combined with symptoms such as development delay, muscle weakness, and seizure. The patient carries two variants in NARS2 (NM_024678.6), namely: c.779A>C (p.Glu260Ala) and c.372+3A>G (intronic variant), of which c.779A>C is inherited from the father and c.372+3A>G from the mother. Both variants have not been reported in the literature or included in any databases. Transcriptome sequencing results indicate that the c.372+3A>G variant leads to the skipping of the third exon during transcription. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG) guidelines, the c.779A>C variant and c.372+3A>G are classified as likely pathogenic. Based on the patient′s phenotype and genetic testing results, the proband has been diagnosed with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 24(COXPD24). Conclusions:The pathogenic variants in the NARS2 gene are the underlying cause of the patient′s disease. The identification of novel variants enriches the mutational spectrum of the NARS2 gene, providing evidence for further clarification of the relationship between NARS2 and COXPD24.

Malocclusion is an oral disease with a high prevalence. The goal of orthodontic treatment is health, aesthetics, function and stability. The transmission straight wire appliance and technique is an innovative orthodontic system with independent intellectual property rights invented by Professor Jiuxiang Lin′s team based on decades of clinical experience, which provides a new solution for the non-surgical correction of skeletal malocclusions, especially class Ⅲ malocclusion, and it is also a good carrier for the implementation of the concept of healthy orthodontics. Due to the lack of guidelines, how to implement standardized application of transmission straight wire technique remains a problem to be solved. This technical specification was formed by combining the guidance from Professor Jiuxiang Lin and joint revision by a number of authoritative experts from the Orthodontic Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association, with reference to relevant literatures, and combined with abundant clinical experience of many experts. This specification aims to provide reference to standardize the clinical application of transmission straight wire technique, so as to reduce the risk and complications, and finally to improve the clinical application level of this technique.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is defined as non-protein coding transcript longer than 200 nucleotides. In the form of RNA, it affects gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and is widely involved in the body's pathophysiological processes. This review summarizes the research progress of lncRNA in the field of parasitology in order to find new targets for the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases.

Objective To establish a mouse model of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in heart transplantation and to analyze its characteristics. Methods Mouse models of heart transplantation and skin transplantation were established. According to different treatment methods, all animals were divided into the homologous control group, non-sensitized group, pre-sensitized group and pre-sensitized+ ciclosporin group (9 donors and 9 recipients in each group). The graft survival time, donor-specific antibody (DSA) level and pathological manifestations of each group were observed, and the characteristics of rejection were analyzed. Results In the homologous control group, the cardiac grafts of the mice survived for a long period of time during the 3-month observation period. The survival time of the cardiac grafts in the non-sensitized group, pre-sensitized group and pre-sensitized+ciclosporin group was (7.0±0.7) d, (2.6±0.5) d and (5.0±0.7) d, respectively. The differences among the groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). The DSA level in the pre-sensitized group was significantly elevated than the baseline level at 3 d after heart transplantation, and that in the pre-sensitized+ciclosporin group was remarkably up-regulated at 5 d after heart transplantation, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The pathological manifestation of the non-sensitized group was the myocardial cell destruction, the formation of interstitial inflammation, mild C4d deposition and a large amount of CD3 cell infiltration. The pathological manifestations of the pre-sensitized group and the pre-sensitized+ciclosporin group showed myocardial cell destruction, capillary inflammation and a large amount of C4d deposition, whereas the amount of CD3 cell infiltration in the pre-sensitized group was more than that in the pre-sensitized+ciclosporin group. Conclusions The use of ciclosporin on the basis of heart transplantation and skin transplantation between different strains of mice can successfully establish a practical acute AMR model in mouse heart transplantation, which provides the basis for subsequent AMR pathogenesis and intervention research.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of bronchial tumors in 3 children to improve the diagnosis of pediatric bronchial tumor.Methods Three cases of children bronchial malignant tumors diagnosed by rigid bronchoscopy were analyzed retrospectively.Results The 3 children were males,aged from 6 to 10 years old, and presented with cough, sputum, and fever symptoms for 1 day to 3 months.Chest CT scan and airway remodeling examinations indicated the children ~ main bronchi were blocked and then the diagnoses of bronchial foreign bodies were made.However bronchial tumors were found in the 3 children by rigid bronchoscopy and were determined as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, large cell lung carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, respectively.Conclusions Children with bronchial tumor often present with cough, wheezing and other respiratory symptoms that are not specific to bronchial tumor.When a child complaint of repeated cough and wheezing symptoms with unknown cause,not only bronchial foreign body and also bronchial tumor should be considered.