This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and other aspects of Picrorhizae Rhizoma by referring to the medical books， prescription books， and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with relevant modern research materials， in order to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this medicinal herb. The research results indicate that Picrorhizae Rhizoma was first recorded in New Revised Materia Medica from the Tang dynasty. Throughout history， Huhuanglian has been used as its official name， and there are also aliases such as Gehu Luze， Jiahuanglian and Hulian. The main source of past dynasties is the the rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurrooa and P. scrophulariiflora. In ancient times， Picrorhizae Rhizoma was mainly imported by foreign traders via Guangzhou and other regions， and also produced in China， mainly in Xizang. In ancient times， it was harvested and dried in early August of the lunar calendar， while in modern times， it is mostly harvested from July to September， with the best quality being those with thick and crispy rhizomes without impurities， and bitter taste. Throughout history， Picrorhizae Rhizoma was collected， washed， sliced， and dried before being used as a raw material for medicine， it has a bitter and cold taste， mainly used to treat bone steaming， hot flashes， infantile chancre fever， and dysentery. There is no significant difference in taste and efficacy between ancient and modern times. Based on the research results， it is recommended that the rhizomes of P. scrophulariiflora in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， or the rhizomes of P. kurrooa， can be used in famous classical formulas containing this medicinal herb， which can be processed according to the processing requirements marked by the original formula. For those without clear processing requirements， the dried raw products are used as medicine.

Objective To analyze the development of nuclear medicine services in Hunan Province and to assess internal radiation doses among the nuclear medicine workers (NMWs) involved in iodine-131 radionuclide therapy. Methods Based on a survey of nuclear medicine institutions in Hunan Province, a total of 61 NMWs from seven hospitals providing iodine-131 therapy for thyroid cancer were selected as the study subjects by convenience sampling method. Thyroidal iodine-131 activity was measured using a portable gamma spectrometer to estimate internal dose and total annual effective dose. Results A total of 47 nuclear medicine institutions were reported in Hunan Province by 2023, most of which were public and tertiary hospitals, accounting for 38. Iodine-131 therapy was performed in 30 institutions, including nine for thyroid cancer. A total of nine participants had detectable thyroidal iodine-131 activity among 61 workers involved in iodine-131 thyroid cancer treatment, with the detection rate of 14.8%. Their internal radiation annual committed effective doses ranged from 0.100 to 1.584 mSv, with a mean of 0.499 mSv and median of 0.426 mSv. Except for one cleaner, the remaining eight physicians and nurses had the total annual effective doses ranging from 0.311 to 3.007 mSv, with a mean of 1.305 mSv, all below the annual dose limit of 20.000 mSv among radiation workers specified in national standard. Conclusion Internal exposure to iodine-131 among the NMWs should not be neglected. Standardized procedures and strengthened internal dose monitoring are recommended.

Objective:To explore the status quo and influencing factors of nursing staff's nursing informatics competencies and provide reference for the relevant departments of the hospital and nursing managers to cultivate their informatics competencies.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, from July 31 to August 12, 2019, totally 982 nurses from Peking University First Hospital were selected by convenient sampling and investigated with the General Informatics Questionnaire and Nursing Informatics Competency Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of nursing informatics competencies. A total of 982 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and 982 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 100%.Results:The total score of nursing informatics competencies of the 982 nurses was (125.61±22.79) , including (45.70±9.74) for informatics management ability, (31.83±6.08) for computer operation ability, (20.16±4.07) for computer software management ability, (15.54±3.23) for nursing informatics awareness, and (12.37±2.49) for nursing informatics operation ability. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, education, department and whether they had received informatics-related training were the main factors affecting their nursing informatics competencies ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The nursing informatics competencies of the nursing staff of Peking University First Hospital is satisfactory. Age, education, department and whether they have received informatics-related training may affect their nursing informatics competencies. It is suggested that hospital managers and relevant departments should provide more individualized training for personnel of different age groups, different educational backgrounds and different departments.

Objective:To explore social support and personality characteristic of patients with clinically chronic pains to provide a new idea for clinical psycho-intervention.Method:45 patients with clinically chronic pains were evaluated by the Symptom Checklist(SCL-90),EPQ and SSRS,and compared with the control group.Results:Somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety,fear and psychotic factors have significant differences from those of the control group when being compared(p