Chemotherapy based on cisplatin or its combination therapy is a common cancer treatment method. However， the non-specific side effects of cisplatin， poor pharmacokinetic properties of small molecule drugs， and susceptibility to drug resistance greatly limit the clinical application of cisplatin as first-line anti-tumor drug. With the development of nanocarrier technology， liposomes have become an ideal carrier for delivering cisplatin drugs due to their excellent properties of targeting， reducing toxicity， and enhancing efficacy. This paper reviews the status of cisplatin liposome both domestically and internationally which have entered clinical trials， including L-NDDP，SPI-077®， Lipoplatin®，LiPlaCis，SLIT and ILC， etc. Currently， only Lipoplatin® and ILC are showing good potential in cancer therapy. Although cisplatin liposome has made some progress in reducing systemic toxicity and improving treatment efficiency in clinical research， there is still potential for further improvement in tumor targeting and reducing side effects. In the future， more low-toxicity and efficient cisplatin liposomes can be developed through formulation technologies such as co-delivery liposome， stimuli-responsive liposome and targeting liposome.

Nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） is an important intracellular transcription factor widely involved in the processes such as immune response， inflammatory response， cell proliferation， and apoptosis. The abnormal activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in various liver diseases including chronic hepatitis， liver fibrosis， liver cirrhosis， and hepatocellular carcinoma. Extensive studies have shown that inhibiting NF-κB activity may effectively reduce inflammation and fibrosis and improve metabolic disorders. Several natural compounds， such as matrine and salvianolic acid B， have shown the potential in suppressing NF-κB activity， thereby exerting anti-inflammatory， anti-fibrotic， and anti-tumor effects. This article systematically reviews the critical role of the NF-κB signaling pathway in liver diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target， in order to highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for liver diseases and provide new directions for the treatment of liver diseases.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of periodontitis induced by Prevotella nigrescens (Pn) combined with ligation on cognitive functions in mice. METHODS: Twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, ligation group, and ligation + Pn treatment (P+Pn) group. Experimental periodontitis was induced by silk ligation of the first molars followed by topical application of Pn for 6 weeks. After modeling, alveolar bone resorption was assessed using micro-CT and histological analysis. Learning and memory abilities of the mice were evaluated using open field test (OFT), novel object recognition test (NORT), and Morris water maze test (MWM). Seven weeks after the start of modeling, the mice were sacrificed for examining histopathological changes in the hippocampus using HE and Nissl staining. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of molar ligation, micro-CT revealed horizontal alveolar bone resorption and furcation exposure in the mice, and histological analysis showed apical migration of the junctional epithelium, epithelial ridge hyperplasia, and lymphocyte infiltration, and these changes were obviously worsened in P+Pn group. Alveolar bone height decreased significantly in both ligation groups compared to the control group. Cognitive tests showed that the mice in both of the ligation groups traveled shorter distances in OFT, showed reduced novel object preference in NORT, and exhibited longer escape latencies in MWM, and the mice in P+Pn group had significantly poorer performances in the tests. Histologically, obvious neuronal cytoplasmic degeneration, necrosis, nuclear pyknosis, vacuolation, and reduced Nissl bodies and viable neurons were observed in the hippocampal regions of the mice in the two ligation groups. CONCLUSIONS Pn infection aggravates alveolar bone destruction, accelerates necrosis and causes morphological abnormalities of neuronal cells in the hippocampus to reduce cognitive functions of mice with periodontitis.
Animals ; Periodontitis/microbiology* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Cognition ; Alveolar Bone Loss ; Hippocampus/pathology* ; Male ; Inflammation ; Maze Learning

Objective To analyze the temporal trend of thyroid cancer incidence in China from 1992 to 2021 and evaluate the impact of age,period and cohort on the incidence.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021,the trend changes of age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)of thyroid cancer in China from the period were analyzed,and the obtained data were further analyzed with Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis.Auto regressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model was applied to predict the incidence of thyroid cancer in China in the next 20 years.Results The ASIR of thyroid cancer among males was increased from 0.70/100 000 to 2.11/100 000 between 1992 and 2021,with an average annual percent change(AAPC)of 3.93%(95%CI:3.86%～4.00%,P<0.001);For the females,the ASIR was elevated from 1.91/100 000 to 2.87/100 000 in the time,with an AAPC of 1.43%(95%CI:1.36%～1.50%,P<0.001).On the age effect,the overall variation in ASIR among the females was minor,and that in the males reached its peak in the≥85-years-old group,with a rate of 230.51/100 000.Regarding the period effect,the risk of thyroid cancer incidence in the males and females changed with the period and exhibited a temporal increase,and the incidence risk was consistently higher in the males than the females across different periods.Taking the incidence risk during 1992 and 1996 as a reference(RR=1),the males(RR=2.94,95%CI:2.78～3.11)and the females(RR=1.37,95%CI:1.32～1.42)had the highest risk of thyroid cancer in the period from 2017 to 2021.On the cohort effect,the risk of thyroid cancer in both sexes showed an increasing trend with cohort change.When taking the cohort during 1992 and 1996 as a reference(RR=1),the females in the pre-1986 cohort exhibited a higher risk of incidence than the males,but in the post-1996 cohort,the males demonstrated a greater risk of incidence than the females.The males in the 2012-2016 cohort had the highest risk of thyroid cancer when compared to the reference group(RR=2.54,95%CI:1.80～3.57),and the females in the cohort from 1992 to 2016 had higher risk of thyroid cancer than the reference group,though no statistical differences were observed.The ARIMA model prediction analysis found that the ASIR of thyroid cancer in males and females in China would continue to increase from 2022 to 2041,and the ASIR of thyroid cancer in males would reach 2.79/100 000(95%CI:1.96～3.61),and the ASIR of thyroid cancer in females would reach 3.54/100 000(95%CI:3.02～4.06)by 2041.Conclusion Between 1992 and 2021,the ASIR of thyroid cancer in China has exhibited a consistent upward trend,with the females having a higher ASIR than the males.However,the risk of developing thyroid cancer is higher in men who are older and those who were born more recently.In the next 20 years,the incidence of thyroid cancer among both men and women in China is projected to continue to rise,and the situation for prevention and control will be challenging.

Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is a precancerous lesion of gastric cancer,and its pathogenesis is complicated,with recurrent and prolonged symptoms.Starting from the view of stomach collaterals and sweat pores,the paper analyzed the pathogenesis of CAG,i.e.,stagnation and obstruction of sweat pores,and blood stasis obstructing stomach collaterals.Furthermore,this paper explored the efficacy of wind medicines in treating CAG by opening sweat pores and unblocking stomach collaterals.It is believed that wind medicines are pungent with warm nature,and have the actions of relieving exterior syndrome,regulating qi,elevating yang,unblocking collaterals and dissipating masses,which enable their efficacy on opening sweat pores and unblocking stomach collaterals.In the treatment of CAG,wind medicines are able to open the sweat pores,and the opening of sweat pores promotes the recovery of spleen-stomach function in lifting lucid yang and lowering turbid yin;wind medicines have the actions of directing herbs to the affected meridian or site,and assisting the other Chinese medicines to achieve satisfactory efficacies;wind medicines can also be used for drying dampness,and enhance the efficacy of removing dampness with the help of their actions of opening sweat pores.During the treatment of CAG,the combination of wind medicines can enhance the therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine,and the exploration in this paper will provide reference for traditional Chinese medicine treatment of CAG in clinic.

Objective:This study investigated the awareness and consumption of Trogia venenata among populations in regions affected by Yunnan unexplained sudden death (YUSD). The findings aim to support etiological research on YUSD and contribute to the formulation of preventive measures against Trogia venenata poisoning. Methods:This study was a case-control study. From 2018 to 2021, surveys were conducted in 90 villages across 25 counties within YUSD-affected areas in Yunnan Province. Households with YUSD cases were designated as case households, whereas households without YUSD cases served as controls, ande were selected through convenience sampling at a 3:1 ratio. An enhanced questionnaire was designed to collect information on the consumption of Trogia venenata, and symptoms following consumption. Frequency data were presented as percentages, and group comparisons were conducted using χ 2 tests or Fisher’s exact tests. Results:A total of 711 questionnaires were collected (response rate: 100%), comprising 175 case households and 536 control households. Trogia venenata was present in 80.82% of the villages surveyed. Among the 711 households, 15.89% reported consuming Trogia venenata, primarily through stir-frying (53.10%), followed by boiling (29.20%), boiling and stir-frying (15.93%), and steaming (1.77%). Most households (94.69%) consumed fresh fruiting bodies, with 69.02% consuming them fewer than three times annually. The consumption rates were higher among the case households than among the control households. Of the 113 households with a history of Trogia venenata consumption, 35.40% reported symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and limb soreness. The proportions of affected families in each group were compared according to their source, cooking method, fruiting body status and consumption frequency. The proportion of affected families with high consumption frequency (≥3 times/year) was higher than that with low consumption frequency (<3 times/year). Among 421 YUSD cases, 63 cases (14.96%) had a history of Trogia venenata consumption before death, with 43 cases showing symptoms within the longest known latency period (14 d) for poisoning by this mushroom. Conclusions:Trogia venenata is prevalent in 80.82% of YUSD-affected regions, with 16.67% of the population reporting its consumption, predominantly as fresh fruiting bodies prepared by stir-frying or boiling. Confirmed Trogia venenata consumption was identified in 14.96% of YUSD cases, suggesting that mushroom poisoning is a significant risk factor for YUSD. Ongoing health education and interventions are critical for mitigating the risk of Trogia venenata poisoning.

Arsenic, as a toxic substance that can affect human health, can cause various neurological disorders, including cognitive impairment, when excessive. Relevant epidemiological surveys and animal experimental studies have shown that exposure to arsenic can not only cause intellectual impairment and peripheral neuropathy in humans, but also lead to abnormal behavior in humans and animals. However, so far, the mechanism of arsenic induced damage to the nervous system is still unclear. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ auxiliary activation factor 1α (PGC-1α), as a nuclear transcription coactivator, can interact with transcription factors or other coactivators and plays a role in biological processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. PGC-1α, by activating mitochondrial biogenesis, affecting energy metabolism, activating oxidative stress regulatory factors [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), etc.], mitigates the damage to the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) caused by arsenic. This article summarize the research progress of arsenic-induced neurological injury and the mechanism of PGC-1α's role in arsenic-induced neurological injury to provide a theoretical basis for further prevention and treatment of neurological diseases caused by arsenic.

Objective:To understand the electrocardiogram and echocardiography examination results of population in key areas of unexplained sudden death in Yunnan Province (referred to as Yunnan sudden death).Methods:From 2014 to 2022, electrocardiogram examination was performed on population (including same incident cases, relatives of the cases, villagers of the affected villages, and control individuals) in key areas of Yunnan sudden death from May to October each year. Echocardiography examination was performed on relatives of the cases and villagers of the affected villages, and the types of electrocardiogram and echocardiography changes were sorted out and analyzed.Results:Electrocardiogram examination was conducted on 1 same incident case, 241 relatives of the cases, 464 villagers of the affected villages, and 99 control individuals, respectively. The types of electrocardiogram changes in the same incident case were Q-T interval prolongation and sinus tachycardia. A total of 17 types of electrocardiogram changes were detected in the relatives of the cases, mainly including sinus arrhythmia (12.45%, 30/241), sinus bradycardia (11.20%, 27/241), and left axis deviation (8.30%, 20/241). A total of 21 types of electrocardiogram changes were detected in the villagers of the affected villages, mainly including left axis deviation (9.48%, 44/464), sinus bradycardia (8.19%, 38/464), and T-wave abnormalities (7.76%, 36/464). A total of 10 types of electrocardiogram changes were detected in the control individuals, mainly including sinus arrhythmia (12.12%, 12/99), T-wave abnormalities (9.09%, 9/99), and sinus bradycardia (7.07%, 7/99). Echocardiography examination was conducted on 49 relatives of the cases and 365 villagers of the affected villages, respectively. A total of 12 types of echocardiography changes were detected in the relatives of the cases, mainly including tricuspid regurgitation (18.37%, 9/49), decreased right ventricular diastolic function (8.16%, 4/49), aortic regurgitation (6.12%, 3/49), and atrial septal defect (6.12%, 3/49). A total of 15 types of echocardiography changes were detected in the villagers of the affected villages, mainly including tricuspid regurgitation (8.77%, 32/365), aortic regurgitation (6.85%, 25/365), and decreased left ventricular diastolic function (6.58%, 24/365).Conclusion:There are many types of changes in electrocardiogram and echocardiography in the population of key areas of Yunnan sudden death.

The long-term efficacy and complications of implantable diaphragm pacer (IDP) in a child with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) in the Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center in September 2022 were retrospective analyzed.A male child had quadriplegia without an obvious cause at the age of 12 years, and he was then lived completely with the assistance of mechanical ventilation.At the age of 14 years, he could wean off the ventilator in unilateral diaphragmatic pacing mode.However, mechanical ventilation was re-given for months after 5 years due to pneumonia, and then the IDP was re-given with the self-felt decreased pacing effect.After hospitalization, the patient was examined with mild diaphragmatic atrophy, secondary flat chest, and mild scoliosis.After optimization of the transdiaphragmatic pacing threshold and rehabilitation, his respiratory function improved.IDP can be used in CSCI for long time, while flat chest and scoliosis that limited the expansion of the lungs should be considered.At the meantime, the increased abdominal spasm affected the abdominal compliance, leading to the decrease in the efficiency of the diaphragm.

Objective To mine the adverse drug events(ADE)signal of avatrombopag,an effective drug for thrombocytopenia treatment,based on real world data in order to provide reference for its clinical safety application.Methods The OpenVigil2.1 pharmacovigilance platform was used to obtain the ADE report data of avatrombopag from May 2018 to March 2023 in the database of FDA adverse event reporting system(FAERS).The ADE signals were classified and described by the system organ class(SOC)and preferred term(PT)of the ADE terminology set in the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities(MedDRA),and reporting odds ratio(ROR)and UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency(MHRA)comprehensive standard were used to detect the positive ADE signals.Results A total of 1 879 ADE reports related to avatrombopag were obtained,24 SOCs were involved,and 28 positive ADE signals were detected at PT level.Among these signals,the strongest ones were renal vein thrombosis,portal vein thrombosis and graft versus host disease,while the reports accounting for the largest numbers were headache,fatigue and asthenia.There were 8 ADE signals discovered newly,that is,seasonal allergy,back disorder,musculoskeletal discomfort,flatulence,hypersomnia,rash macular,emotional disorder,and rhinorrhoea.Conclusion For clinical use of avatrombopag,clinicians should not only concern the risk of thrombosis,but also pay close attention to ADE signals such as seasonal allergy,back disorder,musculoskeletal discomfort,flatulence,hypersomnia,rash macular,emotional disorder,and rhinorrhoea that are not documented in the instructions.