Objective To quantitatively assess the association of short-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with residents mortality. Methods A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted from 2020 to 2022 among 10606 non-accidental residents by using the Guangzhou Cause of Death Surveillance System in Conghua District, Guangzhou. Exposure levels of PAHs in PM_2.5 and meteorological data during the study period were obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Conghua District and the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS-V2.0), respectively. Conditional Poisson regression model was used to estimate the exposure-response association between PAHs and the mortality risk. Results Fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality. For every one interquartile range increase in exposure levels, the non-accidental mortality risks increased by 8.33% (95% CI: 1.80%, 15.27%), 4.67% (95% CI: 1.86%, 7.57%), 6.07% (95% CI: 2.08%, 10.21%), 4.62% (95% CI: 1.85%, 7.47%), and 4.70% (95% CI: 0.53%, 9.03%), respectively. The estimated non accidental deaths attributable to exposure to fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[k]fluorine, benzo[a]pyrene and indine[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were 5.91%, 6.08%, 6.51%, 6.46%, and 4.21%, respectively. Conclusions Short-term exposure to PAHs in PM_2.5, including fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene and indine[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality among residents.

Objective To explore the inflammatory indexes and microecological characteristics of vaginal secretions in patients with fungal vaginitis. Methods 320 patients with fungal vaginitis admitted to Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected. According to pathological examination,the patients were divided into A:[simple fungal vaginitis group (n=216)]and B:[fungal vaginitis with cervical lesions group (n=104)]. The clinical data and vaginal microbiological indexes of the two groups were compared. The risk factors of cervical lesions were analyzed using a random forest algorithm. Results The number of patients with vaginal pH>4.5,the numbet of patients with vaginal secretions in grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ and the levels of TNF-α,IL-2 and IL-12 in group B were higher than those in group A(t/x2=4.862～12.924),CRP,IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly lower than those in group A(t=9.025～12.962),with statistical significance(all P<0.05),respecitively. Group A has the largest proportion of Lactobacillus crispatus (18.89％) and group B has the largest proportion of Lactobacillus iners (27.05％). The diversity of vaginal microflora in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. The dominant bacterial species in group A were Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus helyeticus,and the dominant bacterial species in group B were Staphylococcus aureus,Bifidobacterium breve,Lactobacillus iners and Bacteroides fragilis. Compared with group A,the abundances of Glycosyltransferases,Fatty acid biosynthesis and Transporters in group B were significantly reduced. Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and Glycerophospholipid metabolism. The abundances of pathways such as metabolism,Prenyltransferases and Amino acid related enzymes were significantly increased. Random forest analysis showed that Lactobacillus iners,Lactobacillus crispatus,Staphylococcus aureus,Gardnerella vaginalis,Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium breve were important bacteria groups affecting cervical lesions. Conclusion The microbial composition ratio in vaginal secretions of different patients is different,and the diversity of vaginal flora in patients with fungal vaginitis accompanied by cervical lesions is higher than that in patients with simple fungal vaginitis,Lactobacillus iners,Lactobacillus crispatus,Lactobacillus crispatus,Lactobacillus iners,Lactobacillus crispatus,Staphylococcus aureus,Gardnerella vaginalis,Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium breve are important groups of bacteria affecting cervical lesions.

Objective To explore the inflammatory indexes and microecological characteristics of vaginal secretions in patients with fungal vaginitis. Methods 320 patients with fungal vaginitis admitted to Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected. According to pathological examination,the patients were divided into A:[simple fungal vaginitis group (n=216)]and B:[fungal vaginitis with cervical lesions group (n=104)]. The clinical data and vaginal microbiological indexes of the two groups were compared. The risk factors of cervical lesions were analyzed using a random forest algorithm. Results The number of patients with vaginal pH>4.5,the numbet of patients with vaginal secretions in grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ and the levels of TNF-α,IL-2 and IL-12 in group B were higher than those in group A(t/x2=4.862～12.924),CRP,IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly lower than those in group A(t=9.025～12.962),with statistical significance(all P<0.05),respecitively. Group A has the largest proportion of Lactobacillus crispatus (18.89％) and group B has the largest proportion of Lactobacillus iners (27.05％). The diversity of vaginal microflora in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. The dominant bacterial species in group A were Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus helyeticus,and the dominant bacterial species in group B were Staphylococcus aureus,Bifidobacterium breve,Lactobacillus iners and Bacteroides fragilis. Compared with group A,the abundances of Glycosyltransferases,Fatty acid biosynthesis and Transporters in group B were significantly reduced. Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and Glycerophospholipid metabolism. The abundances of pathways such as metabolism,Prenyltransferases and Amino acid related enzymes were significantly increased. Random forest analysis showed that Lactobacillus iners,Lactobacillus crispatus,Staphylococcus aureus,Gardnerella vaginalis,Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium breve were important bacteria groups affecting cervical lesions. Conclusion The microbial composition ratio in vaginal secretions of different patients is different,and the diversity of vaginal flora in patients with fungal vaginitis accompanied by cervical lesions is higher than that in patients with simple fungal vaginitis,Lactobacillus iners,Lactobacillus crispatus,Lactobacillus crispatus,Lactobacillus iners,Lactobacillus crispatus,Staphylococcus aureus,Gardnerella vaginalis,Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium breve are important groups of bacteria affecting cervical lesions.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease that often coexists with atopic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that AD is associated with various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and mental disorders, which exacerbate the disease burden on patients with AD and severely affect their quality of life. This review summarizes AD-associated comorbidities reported in previous literature, analyzes their possible common pathogenesis, and explores potential treatments.

Bluetongue virus is an arbovirus that seriously harms ruminants such as sheep,this study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of bluetongue virus infection and host cell interferon antiviral immune response.The study was conducted to characterize the mRNA expression of inter-feron pathway genes by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,as well as Western blot analysis of MDA5,TRAF3,RIG-Ⅰ,and TBK1 protein expression in BHK-21 cells induced by BTV with a multiplicity of infections(MOI)of 1 for 18,24,and 36 h.The results showed that the most pro-nounced changes in the expression of interferon signaling pathway genes were observed at 24 h of induction,the gene mRNA expression levels of the IFN-α,IFN-β,RIG-Ⅰ,TBK1,MDA5,VISA,and TRAF3 genes were upregulated.However,the mRNA expression levels of IKKε and TRAF6 genes were downregulated.At the protein level,MDA5 and TBK1 proteins were upregulated while RIG-1 and TRAF3 proteins were downregulated,which showed that BTV infection induces a typeⅠ interferon immune response in BHK-21 cells.This study lays the foundation for further exploring the antiviral immunity mechanism of IFN-Ⅰ signaling pathway regulatory genes in host cells infected with BTV infection.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review to analyse the types, performance, advantages and disadvantages of cognitive function assessment tools for ICU patients, to provide a reference for the evaluation of cognitive function in ICU patients in future.Methods:A scoping review study was conducted, literature on cognitive function assessment tools for ICU patients in 9 domestic and foreign databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase and CINAHL were systematically searched. The search period was from the establishment of the database to May 20, 2024. Literature was independently screened by 2 researchers and relevant information was extracted and summarized.Results:Totally 17 studies were included, with 9 tools for assessing cognitive function in ICU patients, including 6 questionnaires, 1 test battery, 1 assessment software, and 1 telephone interview questionnaire. All of above were generalizable tools, except for the Chinese and English versions of the John-Hopkins Adapted Cognitive Exam as ICU-specific tools. The Mini-Mental State Examination was the most widely used assessment scale.Conclusions:Appropriate assessment tools should be selected according to the specific clinical setting, but there is still a lack of specialized and standardized assessment tools for cognitive dysfunction in ICU patients. In the future, standardized tools which fit our cultural context for evaluating cognitive function in ICU patients should be developed.

Sepsis is a heterogeneous syndrome.It is caused by infections,attributing to immune dysfunction pathologically.The disease is characterized by macrophage-mediated inflammation and immune response throughout its development.During septic development,macrophages metabolize crucially with glycolysis remarkably enhanced.The glycolystic enhancement facilitates septic development by promoting the inflammatory response of macrophages and altering their phenotype.Therefore,direct or indirect inhibition of macrophagic glycolysis can alleviate sepsis and neutralize damages to organs functionally,promoting the polarization of anti-inflammatory phenotype.In this review,we aim to investigate the relationship between macrophagic glycolysis and sepsis,focusing on researching into relevant molecular mechanisms by which glycolysis is regulated for treating sepsis.It is concluded that interfer-ing with macrophagic glycolysis may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating sepsis.

Objective To explore the effects of comprehensive evaluation and nursing on the rehabilitation and lung function of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods A total of 92 elderly COPD patients admitted to Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong from April 2019 to April 2022 were divided into two groups according to the random number table,with 46 patients in each group.The control group adopted routine nursing and the observation group received comprehensive evaluation and nursing.The quality of life,lung function and self-management ability of the two groups were compared.Results There was no significant difference in each parameter between the two groups before the intervention(P＞0.05).After the intervention,the SGRQ,the forced vital capacity(FVC),the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to vital capacity(FEV1/FVC),the maximum ventilation volume(MVV)and the diffusion volume of carbon monoxide(DLCO)in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The scores of cognitive management(disease knowledge cognition,emotional cognition)and behavioral management(control of inducement,diet,disease monitoring)in the control group were significantly lower than those in the observation group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation and nursing for the elderly COPD patients can effectively improve their quality of life and lung function and enhance their self-management ability.

Objective This article aims to investigate the association between hypertension and the risk of GSD by conducting a national multicenter study,a systematic review,and a meta-analysis.Methods The study was conducted in three stages.In the first stage,subjects were recruited for health examination in four hospitals in Chengdu,Tianjin,Beijing,and Chongqing,China,from 2015 to 2020,and the multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between hypertension and the risk of GSD in each center.In the second stage,Embase,PubMed,Wanfang Data,VIP,and CNKI databases were searched for related studies published up to May 2021,and a meta-analysis was conducted to further verify such association.In the third stage,the random effects model was used for pooled analysis of the results of the multicenter cross-sectional study and the findings of previous literature.Results A total of 633 948 participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional study,and the prevalence rate of GSD was 7.844%.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension was positively associated with the risk of GSD(P＜0.05).Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the association between hypertension and GSD between individuals with different sexes,ages,and subtypes of GSD.A total of 80 articles were included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis,and the results showed that the risk of GSD was increased by 1.022 times for every 10 mmHg increase in diastolic pressure and 1.014 times for every 10 mmHg increase in systolic pressure.Conclusion Hypertension significantly increases the risk of GSD,and the findings of this study will provide a basis for the etiology of GSD and the identification of high-risk groups.

Objective:Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) cell lines were established using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a patient suffering from neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) who carried Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A3 ( ABCA3) compound heterozygous mutations. Methods:Cell experimental research.Peripheral venous blood was collected and PBMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. PBMCs were transfected with non-integrated Sendai vector carrying reprogramming factors.The chromosome karyotypes of the established iPSCs were analyzed.Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect pluripotency markers of stem cells and verify their differentiation potential.Sanger sequencing was performed to analyze gene mutations.In addition, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis was performed, polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to detect virus residual. Results:Karyotype analysis of established iPSCs cell lines showed normal diploid 46, XY karyotype.Immunofluorescence showed positive staining of stem cell pluripotency markers OCT4, SSEA4, Nanog and Sox2.Flow cytometry was used to detected stem cell pluripotency markers and showed expression of TRA-1-60, SSEA-4 and OCT4.After differentiation into all three germ layers, immunofluorescence was performed to detect ectoderm (Pax-6), mesoderm (Brachyury) and endoderm alpha-fetoprotein markers, and the results showed positive staining, which confirmed that the iPSCs had the potential to differentiate.Sanger sequencing showed c. 3997_3998del and c. 3137C>T compound heterozygous mutations.STR analysis showed they originate from PBMCs, and no Sendai virus residual was detected by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis.Conclusions:In this study, PBMCs from patient carrying ABCA3 compound heterozygous mutations was used to establish iPSCs cell lines.The research lays a foundation for the study of pathogenesis, therapeutic drug screening and cell therapy of NRDS caused by ABCA3 gene mutations.