Objective:To investigate the current status of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of intensive care unit (ICU) medical staff for post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and explore its influencing factors.Methods:The cross-sectional investigation study with stratified sampling was conducted. From June to September 2024, ICU medical staff from general hospitals in 5 regions (Chongqing, Beijing, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, and Gansu) were selected as the research subjects. The KAP of PICS questionnaire was distributed in the form of an electronic questionnaire. Observation indicators: (1) results of the questionnaire survey; (2) general information of ICU medical staff; (3) KAP scores of PICS and the correlation among various dimensions; (4) analysis of influencing factors for KAP of PICS. Comparison of measurement data with normal distribution between groups was conducted using the independent samples t test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for com-parison among multiple groups, and post-hoc LSD test was used for pairwise comparison. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted for correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results:(1) Results of questionnaire survey. A total of 410 questionnaires were distributed and retrieved, among which 408 were valid, with an effective rate of 99.512%(408/410). (2) General information of ICU medical staff. Among the 408 ICU medical staff, there were 79 males and 329 females. Eight cases were under 25 years old, 248 cases were 25-35 years old, 132 cases were 36-40 years old, and 20 cases were over 40 years old. In terms of professional title, there were 10 junior nurses, 130 junior nurse practitioners, 228 intermediate nurse practitioners, and 40 senior nurse practitioners. About the educational background, 34 cases had a junior college degree, 347 cases had a bachelor's degree, and 27 cases had a master's degree or above. Regarding the hospital level, 25 nurses worked in secondary hospitals and 383 cases in tertiary hospitals. In terms of ICU type, 181 cases were from specialized ICU and 227 cases from general ICU. About working experience in ICU, 41 nurses had less than 5 years, 207 cases had 5-10 years, and 160 cases had more than 10 years. (3) KAP scores of PICS and the correlation among various dimensions. The total KAP score of PICS among the 408 ICU medical staff was 88.7±14.2, with 40.2±9.2 for the knowledge dimension, 22.0±5.6 for the attitude dimension, and 26.5±6.3 for the practice dimension. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the knowledge dimension of PICS among ICU medical staff was significantly positively correlated with both the attitude dimension and the practice dimension ( r=0.15, 0.69, P<0.05); the attitude dimension was positively correlated with the practice dimension ( r=0.23, P<0.05).(4) Analysis of influencing factors for KAP of PICS. Results of multivariate analysis showed that age (25-35 years old, 36-40 years old, over 40 years old), educational background and hospital level were independent influencing factors for the KAP of PICS among ICU medical staff ( t=2.23, 1.97, 2.84, 0.15, 2.04, P<0.05). Conclusions:The KAP of PICS among ICU medical staff is relatively good, while their practical ability still needs to be improved. Age, educational background, and hospital level are independent influencing factors for the KAP of PICS among ICU medical staff.

Objective:To investigate the current status of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of intensive care unit (ICU) medical staff for post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and explore its influencing factors.Methods:The cross-sectional investigation study with stratified sampling was conducted. From June to September 2024, ICU medical staff from general hospitals in 5 regions (Chongqing, Beijing, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, and Gansu) were selected as the research subjects. The KAP of PICS questionnaire was distributed in the form of an electronic questionnaire. Observation indicators: (1) results of the questionnaire survey; (2) general information of ICU medical staff; (3) KAP scores of PICS and the correlation among various dimensions; (4) analysis of influencing factors for KAP of PICS. Comparison of measurement data with normal distribution between groups was conducted using the independent samples t test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for com-parison among multiple groups, and post-hoc LSD test was used for pairwise comparison. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted for correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results:(1) Results of questionnaire survey. A total of 410 questionnaires were distributed and retrieved, among which 408 were valid, with an effective rate of 99.512%(408/410). (2) General information of ICU medical staff. Among the 408 ICU medical staff, there were 79 males and 329 females. Eight cases were under 25 years old, 248 cases were 25-35 years old, 132 cases were 36-40 years old, and 20 cases were over 40 years old. In terms of professional title, there were 10 junior nurses, 130 junior nurse practitioners, 228 intermediate nurse practitioners, and 40 senior nurse practitioners. About the educational background, 34 cases had a junior college degree, 347 cases had a bachelor's degree, and 27 cases had a master's degree or above. Regarding the hospital level, 25 nurses worked in secondary hospitals and 383 cases in tertiary hospitals. In terms of ICU type, 181 cases were from specialized ICU and 227 cases from general ICU. About working experience in ICU, 41 nurses had less than 5 years, 207 cases had 5-10 years, and 160 cases had more than 10 years. (3) KAP scores of PICS and the correlation among various dimensions. The total KAP score of PICS among the 408 ICU medical staff was 88.7±14.2, with 40.2±9.2 for the knowledge dimension, 22.0±5.6 for the attitude dimension, and 26.5±6.3 for the practice dimension. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the knowledge dimension of PICS among ICU medical staff was significantly positively correlated with both the attitude dimension and the practice dimension ( r=0.15, 0.69, P<0.05); the attitude dimension was positively correlated with the practice dimension ( r=0.23, P<0.05).(4) Analysis of influencing factors for KAP of PICS. Results of multivariate analysis showed that age (25-35 years old, 36-40 years old, over 40 years old), educational background and hospital level were independent influencing factors for the KAP of PICS among ICU medical staff ( t=2.23, 1.97, 2.84, 0.15, 2.04, P<0.05). Conclusions:The KAP of PICS among ICU medical staff is relatively good, while their practical ability still needs to be improved. Age, educational background, and hospital level are independent influencing factors for the KAP of PICS among ICU medical staff.

As a novel wearable device that combines traditional contact lenses with advanced electronic technology,smart contact lenses represent a breakthrough in medical science and innovative technology.They not only possess the vi-sion-correction function of ordinary contact lenses but also incorporate micro-sensors,wireless communication modules,power sources,and other electronic components.These features enable real-time monitoring of eye movement,tear com-position,intraocular pressure,and interaction with external devices.The applications of smart contact lenses are exten-sive,ranging from monitoring blood glucose levels to treating ocular diseases and achieving vision correction and enhance-ment,demonstrating great potential for medical applications.However,there are also challenges in the practical applica-tion of smart contact lenses,including biocompatibility and safety,miniaturization and integration,power supply and bat-tery life,and data security and privacy protection.Through continuous technological innovation and optimization,smart contact lenses are expected to achieve broader applications in the future and bring revolutionary changes to medical re-search and clinical practice.

As a novel wearable device that combines traditional contact lenses with advanced electronic technology,smart contact lenses represent a breakthrough in medical science and innovative technology.They not only possess the vi-sion-correction function of ordinary contact lenses but also incorporate micro-sensors,wireless communication modules,power sources,and other electronic components.These features enable real-time monitoring of eye movement,tear com-position,intraocular pressure,and interaction with external devices.The applications of smart contact lenses are exten-sive,ranging from monitoring blood glucose levels to treating ocular diseases and achieving vision correction and enhance-ment,demonstrating great potential for medical applications.However,there are also challenges in the practical applica-tion of smart contact lenses,including biocompatibility and safety,miniaturization and integration,power supply and bat-tery life,and data security and privacy protection.Through continuous technological innovation and optimization,smart contact lenses are expected to achieve broader applications in the future and bring revolutionary changes to medical re-search and clinical practice.

Objective To develop an endothelialized microfluidic chip model that simulates the spatial architecture and bioactivity of retinal vasculature,enabling thrombosis modeling and thrombolytic efficacy validation.Methods A tri-level microvascular network chip(300/200/100 μm diameters)with bifurcated architecture was fabricated using soft lithography.Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs)were perfused into channels,with endothelial coverage monitored via phase-contrast microscopy and F-actin staining.Cellular bioactivity was assessed using mitochondrial membrane potential probes(5,5,6,6-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide,JC-1)and nitric oxide(NO)quantification.Fresh blood samples from 10 healthy donors(Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University,March to June 2024)were perfused with digital injection pump to mimic blood flow in human body into 3 experimental groups:normal whole blood,and TNF-α-activated endothelium+normal blood,TNF-α-activated endothelium+TNF-α-treated blood.Three inlet blood flow rates of 37.8、11.1 and 3.5 μL/min were set in each group.Two experimental groups,normal saline and recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator(rtPA),were established using the endothelialized microfluidic thrombosis model to validate thrombolytic efficacy.Endothelial functional impacts were assessed through integrated DAPI/NO staining and thrombosis model analysis across 3 intervention phases:pre-thrombosis,post-thrombosis,and post-thrombolysis.Results A tri-level microfluidic vascular model(300/200/100 μm diameters)was successfully constructed.In 72 h after endothelial cell perfusion,complete channel coverage was achieved,with phase-contrast microscopy and F-actin staining confirming confluent cellular alignment.JC-1/NO assays validated preserved endothelial bioactivity.Compared with the whole blood group,both TNF-α-activated endothelium+normal blood and TNF-α-activated endothelium+TNF-α-treated blood groups exhibited significantly increased thrombus occupancy rates at identical flow rates(all P<0.001).Notably,TNF-α-activated endothelium+TNF-α-treated blood group demonstrated the highest thrombus ratio at 3.5 μL/min(P<0.001).The rtPA group showed superior thrombolytic efficacy versus saline(P<0.001).Endothelial monolayer integrity was maintained across intervention phases,with thrombosis triggering significant NO elevation(P<0.001).Conclusion Our retinal vasculature-mimetic microfluidic model enables precise thrombosis modeling and drug evaluation,providing new methodology for studying retinal vascular occlusive diseases.

OBJECTIVE To study the inhibitory effect and mechanism of curcumin and its derivatives A and B on TGF-β induced LX-2 cell fibrosis. METHODS Established the liver fibrosis model of LX-2 cells induced by TGF-β(10 ng·mL−1).The effects on cell proliferation were detected by CCK-8. The effects on cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The effects on fibrosis related factors(Collagen I, Collagen Ⅳ, Fibronectin, Vimentin, α-SMA, PDGFRβ, TGFβR1, TGFβR2, MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2) protein expression and gene transcription levels were detected by Western blotting and q-PCR. RESULTS The curcumin and its derivative A and B had the inhibition effects on normal LX-2 cells, and the IC25 values were 15.7, 2.6, 10.2 μmol·L−1, respectively. Compared to the model group, the curcumin(15.7 μmol·L−1) and its derivative A(2.6 μmol·L−1) and B(10.2 μmol·L−1) had the significant inhibition effects on cell proliferation of the TGF-β induced LX-2 cells(P<0.05). The cell apoptosis rate of curcumin derivative B group was higher than the model group(P<0.05). Collagen I, Fibronectin, Vimentin, α-SMA, TGFβR1 and TIMP-1 protein expression levels in curcumin group were lower, while the protein expression level of MMP-9 was higher(P<0.05). The protein expression levels of Collagen I, Collagen IV, Fibronectin, Vimentin, α-SMA, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in curcumin derivative A group were lower, while the protein expression level of MMP-2 was higher(P<0.05). The protein expression levels of Collagen I, Collagen IV, Fibronectin, Vimentin, α-SMA, PDGFRβ, TGFβR1, TGFβR2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in curcumin derivative B group were lower, while the protein expression level of MMP-2 was higher(P<0.05). The gene transcription levels of Collagen I, Fibronectin, α-SMA and TIMP-1 in curcumin group were lower(P<0.05). The gene transcription levels of Collagen I, Fibronectin and α-SMA in curcumin derivative A and B groups were lower(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Curcumin and its derivatives A and B inhibit the abnormal activation and proliferation of TGF-β-induced LX-2 cells, inhibit the excessive secretion and accumulation of its extracellular matrix components, and promote its degradation, thus playing an anti-fibrotic effect in vitro, especially the curcumin derivative B.

AIM: To evaluate the performance of three distinct large language models(LLM), including GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and PaLM2, in responding to queries within the field of ophthalmology, and to compare their performance with three different levels of medical professionals: medical undergraduates, master of medicine, and attending physicians.METHODS: A total of 100 ophthalmic multiple-choice tests, which covered ophthalmic basic knowledge, clinical knowledge, ophthalmic examination and diagnostic methods, and treatment for ocular disease, were conducted on three different kinds of LLM and three different levels of medical professionals(9 undergraduates, 6 postgraduates and 3 attending physicians), respectively. The performance of LLM was comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of mean scores, consistency and confidence of response, and it was compared with human.RESULTS: Notably, each LLM surpassed the average performance of undergraduate medical students(GPT-4:56, GPT-3.5:42, PaLM2:47, undergraduate students:40). Specifically, performance of GPT-3.5 and PaLM2 was slightly lower than those of master's students(51), while GPT-4 exhibited a performance comparable to attending physicians(62). Furthermore, GPT-4 showed significantly higher response consistency and self-confidence compared with GPT-3.5 and PaLM2.CONCLUSION: LLM represented by GPT-4 performs well in the field of ophthalmology, and the LLM model can provide clinical decision-making and teaching aids for clinicians and medical education.

Purpose/Significance To introduce the knowledge graph technology in the field of electronic information into the study of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)terminology,and to demonstrate the dialectical relationship between the therapeutic effects of TCM and its nature,flavor,meridians and TCM diseases in a vivid way.Method/Process The top-down ontology construction method is adopted to build the top-level structure of TCM ontology on the Protégé platform.Taking the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as the data source,the TCM information in the pharmacopoeia is split and extracted,and the information of each axis is sorted,disambiguated and nor-malized.With the help of the Protégé platform,entities and relationships are created,and the TCM triple data is output in RDF data for-mat.Finally,the Neo4j graph database is used to store and display the RDF data to form a systematic TCM knowledge graph.Result/Con-clusion It mainly realizes the construction of the knowledge graph of TCM in the pharmacopoeia,and fully reveals the complex knowledge system structure in the field of TCM through data statistical analysis,knowledge measurement and drawing of visual graphics.

Mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)is a common brain injury,which is usually associated with traffic acci-dents,sports activities or explosions in military conflicts.Although the symptoms of mTBI may not be as obvious as those of moderate or severe TBI,it may lead to short-term or long-term neurological dysfunction,including visual problems,which may affect the daily life of patients.In clinical practice,there are many therapies for visual impairment in patients with mTBI,such as visual rehabilitation therapy,eye movement training,double nose occlusion,as well as prism and filter application.However,the scientific basis for these treatments is often insufficient,and there is a lack of control studies to verify their effectiveness,leading to questions about these treatments.In 2022,a group of experts proposed the"Consensus on Visual Rehabilitation of Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury"to unify the definition of mTBI,evaluate existing di-agnosis and treatment methods and propose suggestions for future research,promoting more scientific and rigorous re-search.This paper interprets the consensus combined with the latest literature.

The myopia in children is on the rise and has become a major threat to public health,attracting extensive at-tention worldwide.Premyopia is an indication for the accurate prediction of myopia.Children that have premyopia are ex-tremely likely to develop myopia,and these children make up a substantial portion.Hence,it is imperative that we devote our efforts to the premyopia population.In the premyopia eyes,there is a decline in the accommodation force,which is comparable to mild myopia.Timely detection and efficient preventative interventions on premyopia may mitigate the inci-dence of myopia,postpone the development of myopia,safeguard children's eyesight,and further improve their quality of life.Some treatments for preventing and controlling premyopia involve encouraging outdoor activities,using repeated low-level red-light therapy,applying low-dose atropine treatment,and utilizing orthokeratology.Furthermore,it encompasses several innovative technologies,such as flat-light defocusing lenses and traditional Chinese medicine treatment.We must grasp the critical period of premyopia and actively investigate cutting-edge methods for myopia prevention and control.Fur-thermore,we should carefully employ these new technologies with the goal of improving the well-being of patients.