OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation of component content with colorimetric values during the roasting process of Ziziphus jujuba ， and to provide criteria for discriminating the roasting degree of Z. jujuba . METHODS Samples were prepared by dry stir-frying for different roasting times. The eight main components in raw Z. jujuba and the samples stir-fried for different roasting times-namely adenosine， magnoflorine， jujuboside A， spinosin， 6-feruloylspinosin， betulinic acid， oleic acid， and linoleic acid-were quantitativel y analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The chromaticity values were determined using a UV spectrophotometer. The correlation and differences between the chromaticity values of Z. jujuba at different roasting times and their components content were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis， linear regression analysis， principal component analysis （PCA） ， cluster heatmap analysis （CHA）， and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） to clarify the processing endpoint. RESULTS As the roasting time increased， the contents of linoleic acid and oleic acid decreased， while the contents of other components exhibited an increasing trend. Concurrently， the colorimetric value L* and E*ab were observed to decline， whereas the a* value demonstrated a gradual increase. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that L* and E*ab exhibited a significant negative correlation with the contents of adenosine， spinosin， 6-feruloylspinosin， jujuboside A， betulinic acid and magnoflorine （ P ＜0.05）. The results of linear regression analysis indicate that the content of six components, including adenosine， in the medicinal material can be preliminarily predicted by analyzing the colorimetric values of Z. jujuba powder. PCA and CHA successfully classified raw and stir-fried samples. The PLS-DA results indicated that L*， E*ab， a*， linoleic acid content， and oleic acid content were the main parameters that differentiated the color and quality of Z. jujuba at different roasting times. After frying for 9 to 10 minutes， the colorimetric values L* and E*ab decreased to their minimum values and stabilized， while a* remained consistently high with little variation；simultaneously， the concentrations of the six major components， excluding linoleic acid and oleic acid， reached their peak levels. CONCLUSIONS A significant correlation between the colorimetric values of Z. jujuba and the contents of six components， including adenosine， is confirmed. The optimal roasting time range is determined to be 9-10 minutes. Furthermore， the colorimetric value-component content correlation analysis method established in this study proved to be practical and applicable for discriminating the roasting degree of Z. jujuba .

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and clinical utilization of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formula granules based on real-world data， and to provide evidence for their rational clinical use. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， open-label， observational centralized monitoring study was conducted. Participants who received TCM formula granules in 293 medical institutions throughout China from February 5th， 2020 to May 20th， 2025 were consecutively enrolled. The year of data collection was used as the stratification factor. Demographic characteristics （including sex， age， and concomitant medication use）， information on TCM formula granule use （including mean prescribed dosage and inappropriate use）， and adverse event（AE）/adverse drug reaction（ADR） occurrence and related factors were collected and statistically analyzed. ResultsA total of 42 011 participants were included in the safety set （SS）， with a mean age of （38.34±22.30） years， including 18 693 males and 23 318 females. Among them， 3519 participants （8.38%） had a history of or concomitant diseases. The three most common comorbidities were hypertension （1189 cases， 33.79%）， diabetes mellitus （850 cases， 24.15%）， and coronary heart disease （471 cases， 13.38%）. The top three diagnostic categories were respiratory， thoracic， and mediastinal diseases （7008 cases， 16.68%）， infectious and parasitic diseases （6591 cases， 15.69%）， and gastrointestinal diseases （4580 cases， 10.90%）.Among 41 961 participants with available concomitant medication data， 3332（7.94%） received concomitant medications， and western medicines were the most commonly used concomitant medications （2819 cases， 6.72%）. The mean prescribed dosage of TCM formula granules （expressed as the equivalent dosage of crude herbal pieces） was （158.23±104.86） g in 2020， （131.70±65.84） g in 2021， （130.62±59.96） g in 2022， （86.74±50.61） g in 2023， （118.59±52.01） g in 2024， and （134.38±49.43） g in 2025. The five most frequently prescribed toxic herbs were Kuxingren （Semen Armeniacae Amarum， 2746 cases， 6.54%）， Xixin （Radix et Rhizoma Asari， 2193 cases， 5.22%）， processed Kuxingren （862 cases， 2.05%）， Baiqucai （Herba Chelidonii， 747 cases， 1.78%）， and Wuzhuyu （Fructus Evodiae， 645 cases， 1.54%）. Prescriptions involving incompatible combinations of the "eighteen antagonisms" and the "nineteen mutual inhibitions" were most frequently observed in 2020 （54 cases， 0.503%）， and then decreased markedly， remaining at zero or an extremely low level thereafter. The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions （ADRs） associated with TCM formula granules was 0.057% （24 cases）， indicating a rare occurrence. The annual incidence was 0.028% （3 cases） in 2020， 0 in both 2021 and 2022， 0.065% （5 cases） in 2023， 0.158% （15 cases） in 2024， and 0.226% （1 case） in 2025. Among the 24 patients who experienced ADRs， 15 had inappropriate medication use.Five of the 24 patients used toxic herbs， and all five had inappropriate medication. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that no history of drug-related adverse reactions ［OR=0.053， 95%CI（0.006， 0.465）］ and no concomitant medication ［OR=0.315， 95%CI（0.109， 0.911）］ were associated with a lower risk of ADRs. ConclusionTCM formula granules are widely used in clinical practice and exhibit a favorable overall safety. Greater attention should be paid to people with a history of drug-related adverse reactions and those receiving concomitant medications to further improve medication safety.

Objective: To analyze the status of wasting among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi from 2021 to 2025, to explore the factors associated with wasting, so as to provide scientific evidence for improving student s nutrition. Methods: Based on the National Surveillance and Intervention Program on Common Diseases and Health Risk Factors among Students, a stratified cluster random sampling was adopted from 2021 to 2025 to recruit 71 077, 236 511, 243 466, 249 619 and 246 259 primary and secondary school students in Guangxi for physical examination and questionnaire survey. The χ 2 test was used for intergroup comparisons. Chi-square trend test was used to conduct trend analysis. Multilevel Logistic regression model was employed to identify factors associated with wasting. Results: The overall wasting detection rate was 11.65% during 2021-2025. Over the five year period, the rate exhibited a S shaped fluctuation pattern characterized by "decline-rise-decline" and the difference across years was statistically significant ( χ 2=230.53, P <0.05). Multilevel Logistic regression analysis showed that male students ( OR = 1.63 ), primary school students ( OR =1.53) and junior high school students ( OR =1.12), boarding students ( OR =1.08), and students with adequate sleep duration ( OR =1.12) were positively correlated with the risk of wasting (all P <0.05). Students who consumed sugar sweetened beverages ≥1 time/day ( OR =0.93), ate fresh fruit ≥1 time/day ( OR =0.95), had moderate to vigorous physical activity for more than 60 minutes per day ( OR =0.88), and had moderate to vigorous physical activity for more than 60 minutes per day on more than half of weekend days ( OR =0.88) were negatively correlated with the risk of wasting (all P <0.05). Conclusions Wasting status among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi improved between 2021 and 2025, though fluctuations persisted. Greater attention should be paid to the nutritional status of male students and boarding students. While cultivating balanced dietary habits and appropriate exercise behaviors, the complex relationship between sleep and malnutrition should also be given due consideration.

Objective:To construct a triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, to provide a basis for promoting pre-rehabilitation in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.Methods:Literature analysis was used to search domestic and foreign databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed, etc, on triple pre-rehabilitation and rapid rehabilitation of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, with a search time frame from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2023. The Delphi expert letter consultation was conducted later, and the final draft of the triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients with radical prostatectomy was finally formed.Results:A total of 20 experts completed 2 rounds of inquiries, all were female, with an age of (40.85 ± 5.40) years old. The response rates for the 2 rounds of expert inquiries were both 100%(20/20). The authority coefficients of the experts were 0.87 and 0.90, respectively. Kendall coordination coefficients were 0.11 and 0.21, respectively. The coefficient of variation for each item in the second round of inquiries ranged from 0 to 0.15. The triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients with radical resection of prostate cancer was constructed, including 4 primary indexes, 8 secondary indexes and 25 tertiary indexes.Conclusions:It is scientific, targeted and feasible to construct a triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy based on Delphi method, which can provide clinical basis for pre-rehabilitation of elderly patients undergoing prostate cancer surgery.

Objective To translate the good death inventory-short form(GDI-SF)into Chinese and test its reliability and validity among bereaved family members of cancer patients.Methods A Chinese version of GDI-SF was created through translation,reconciliation,back translation,expert panel review and pilot testing.Then the inventory was administered to 699 bereaved family members of cancer patients recruited by convenience sampling.Reliability and validity were assessed.Results Toally 305 family members finished the study.The item-level content validity index(I-CVI)and average content validity index(S-CVI/Ave)were both 1.00.Exploratory factor analysis yielded 5 common factors:professional medical care(6 items),preparation for farewell(4 items),dignity and life value(4 items),natural death and moral support(2 items),and physical and mental comfort(2 items).These factors explained 52.176%of total variance.Overall Cronbach α coefficient of the Chinese version GDI-S was 0.779,and split-half reliability was 0.731.The Pearson correlation coefficient range between the score of each item of the Chinese version of GDI-SF and the score of its corresponding dimension was 0.591 to 0.769(P<0.01).Conclusion The Chinese version GDI-SF exhibits acceptable reliability and validity assessment of the quality of good dying in cancer patients from the perspective of bereaved family members.

Promoting the international acceptance of clinical studies about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions is a key strategy for internationalization of TCM. However, the complexities of TCM interventions—in terms of the theories, practice patterns, and components—pose challenges to the design and implementation of clinical studies that are well accepted by the international community. This article summarized the current status of clinical studies about TCM interventions that were published in international journals, explored underlying barriers hindering the international acceptance, and discussed potential strategies for future development.

Promoting the international acceptance of clinical studies about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions is a key strategy for internationalization of TCM. However, the complexities of TCM interventions—in terms of the theories, practice patterns, and components—pose challenges to the design and implementation of clinical studies that are well accepted by the international community. This article summarized the current status of clinical studies about TCM interventions that were published in international journals, explored underlying barriers hindering the international acceptance, and discussed potential strategies for future development.

Promoting the international acceptance of clinical studies about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions is a key strategy for internationalization of TCM. However, the complexities of TCM interventions—in terms of the theories, practice patterns, and components—pose challenges to the design and implementation of clinical studies that are well accepted by the international community. This article summarized the current status of clinical studies about TCM interventions that were published in international journals, explored underlying barriers hindering the international acceptance, and discussed potential strategies for future development.

Objective:To construct a triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, to provide a basis for promoting pre-rehabilitation in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.Methods:Literature analysis was used to search domestic and foreign databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed, etc, on triple pre-rehabilitation and rapid rehabilitation of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, with a search time frame from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2023. The Delphi expert letter consultation was conducted later, and the final draft of the triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients with radical prostatectomy was finally formed.Results:A total of 20 experts completed 2 rounds of inquiries, all were female, with an age of (40.85 ± 5.40) years old. The response rates for the 2 rounds of expert inquiries were both 100%(20/20). The authority coefficients of the experts were 0.87 and 0.90, respectively. Kendall coordination coefficients were 0.11 and 0.21, respectively. The coefficient of variation for each item in the second round of inquiries ranged from 0 to 0.15. The triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients with radical resection of prostate cancer was constructed, including 4 primary indexes, 8 secondary indexes and 25 tertiary indexes.Conclusions:It is scientific, targeted and feasible to construct a triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy based on Delphi method, which can provide clinical basis for pre-rehabilitation of elderly patients undergoing prostate cancer surgery.

Bipolar disorder in children, a serious mental illness, often leads to significant functional impairment. Bipolar disorder onset in children is rare and is difficult to diagnose correctly due to the atypical clinical manifestations. Risperidone, as a second-generation antipsychotic, shows satisfied efficacy in children with bipolar disorder with dual effects on mood stabilization and psychotic symptom control. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of risperidone for the treatment of children with bipolar disorder remains unknown. This paper reports a 5-year-old child with bipolar disorder who was treated with low-dose risperidone and followed up for 4 years. The child showed significant emotional stabilization and behavioral improvement at the beginning of treatment. No serious side effects occurred during long-term follow-up. This paper detailly describes the clinical manifestations and diagnostic process of bipolar disorder onset in children in aspects of detailed clinical observation and evaluation. It summarizes the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder to provide valuable experience for clinicians.