Objective To observe the clinical effect of Jiu-Wei-Yong-An granule combined with cetirizine in the treatment of damp-heat accumulation syndrome of eczema. Methods 108 eczema patients with syndrome of damp-heat accumulated in the skin, treated in the Department of Traditional Chinese Surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from December 2021 to March 2023, were selected. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 54 cases in each. Both groups took cetirizine tablets orally for basic treatment. The observation group was given Jiu-Wei-Yong-An granules, and the control group was given placebos of the same. The clinical efficacy before and after treatment in the two groups was observed and compared, including TCM syndrome scores, eczema area and severity index （EASI）, visual analogue scale （VAS）, and adverse reactions. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group （88.9%） was higher than that of the control group （77.8%）, and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. After treatment, the TCM syndrome score, EASI and VAS in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）, and the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the total rate of adverse reactions between the two groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion The combination of Jiu-Wei-Yong-An granules and cetirizine tablets in the treatment of damp-heat eczema showed significantly better clinical outcomes in the observation group compared to the control. It effectively improved patient conditions, reduced skin lesion areas, and alleviated itching, with both safety and efficacy that merit clinical promotion.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM）external treatment methods in alleviating skin pruritus caused by eczema through a Meta-analysis. Methods Randomized clinical trials investigating the use of TCM external treatment methods for skin pruritus caused by eczema were searched in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, VIP, Wanfang, Sinomed, PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and Cochrane, up to December 2024. Two reviewers independently screened and entered the statistical data, conducted bias risk assessment by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, version 5.1.0, and performed Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4.1. Results Ultimately, 14 studies involving 1 788 patients were included. Compared to the control group, TCM external treatment methods （treatment group）showed better improvement in pruritus scores （Z=11.88, P<0.000 01）, better improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index （EASI） scores （Z=23.15, P<0.000 01）, higher overall clinical efficacy rate （Z=6.21, P<0.000 01）, better improvement in TCM symptoms （Z=5.49, P<0.000 01）, and lower clinical recurrence rate （Z=2.88, P=0.004）. Three of the included studies mentioned adverse reactions, with the treatment group showing lower adverse reactions than the control group. Conclusion The external treatment of TCM was more effective in treating skin pruritus caused by eczema compared to the control group. Given the biases and heterogeneity in the included literature, this conclusion needs to be further substantiated by more large-scale, multi-center, randomized, controlled, and double-blind studies.

In recent years, the incidence of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) has been increasing, and it cannot be ignored in clinical practice. The treatment of MPLC is still controversial, but surgical treatment is recognized as the most important treatment. However, current studies have shown that the treatment of MPLC needs to develop multimodal treatment according to different patients. This review summarizes multiple treatment method for MPLC, including surgery, ablation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy in order to enhance understanding of MPLC treatment.
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Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/surgery* ; Immunotherapy ; Combined Modality Therapy

Cartilage tissue engineering offers a promising therapeutic approach for auricular, tracheal, and joint reconstruction. However, implanted engineered cartilage currently faces challenges such as host immune rejection and inflammatory reactions, which can lead to deformities and fibrosis, compromising long-term maintenance of shape and function. Effectively modulating immune and inflammatory responses is crucial for advancing the clinical application of engineered cartilage. This article reviewed relevant literature to analyze the mechanisms of inflammatory responses occurring after the implantation of tissue-engineered cartilage, and summarized the types and surface characteristics of biomaterials, providing a reference for the design of biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering.

Cartilage tissue engineering offers a promising therapeutic approach for auricular, tracheal, and joint reconstruction. However, implanted engineered cartilage currently faces challenges such as host immune rejection and inflammatory reactions, which can lead to deformities and fibrosis, compromising long-term maintenance of shape and function. Effectively modulating immune and inflammatory responses is crucial for advancing the clinical application of engineered cartilage. This article reviewed relevant literature to analyze the mechanisms of inflammatory responses occurring after the implantation of tissue-engineered cartilage, and summarized the types and surface characteristics of biomaterials, providing a reference for the design of biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering.

Objective:To investigate the differential gene expression profiling between subcutaneous fat (SF) and orbital septum fat (OF).Methods:Six samples of SF tissue were collected from patients undergoing abdomen or thigh liposuction, and six samples of OF tissue were collected from patients undergoing double eyelid or pouch surgery in Chongqing Xing Rong Plastic Surgery Hospital from May 2022 to June 2022. Transcriptional characteristics of SF and OF were compared by RNA sequencing. The gene expression differences between SF and OF were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The differences in gene expression were verified by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).Results:Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the SF and OF groups were obviously separated as two independent gene clusters. The volcano plot analysis displayed the upregulated genes (such as FOXL2 and FOXL2NB), or the downregulated genes (such as DEFB132 and HOXB3) in SF group compared to those in OF group. Besides, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed the top 3 upregulated hub genes in SF group (MYH7, TCAP and MYL2) and in OF group (SOX9, WNT1 and WNT2). Heatmap analysis based on the above PPI showed that the two groups of upregulated genes were clustered and separated obviously. In addition, the signaling pathway analysis revealed that cardiomyopathy, muscle contraction and AMPK pathway were enriched in the SF group, while Wnt singling and cancer-related pathway were enriched in OF group. Finally, the qRT-PCR showed that SOX9 ( P<0.001) and WNT2 ( P<0.001) were upregulated, while DEFB132 ( P<0.001) and HOXB3 ( P<0.01) were downregulated in OF group compared to SF group, respectively. Conclusions:Compared to SF group, SOX9 and WNT2 are regulated, while DEFB132 and HOXB3 are downregulated in OF group. The differentially expressed genes in OF may be the key factors mediating its unique physiological features.

Infectious bronchitis in chickens is a serious threat to the global poultry industry.Despite the availability of commercial vaccines,the epidemic has not been effectively controlled.Therefore,the development of novel vaccines may provide new ways to prevent and control this disease.In this study,BLP-S1,a bacterium-like particle displaying the S1 subunit of infectious bronchitis virus on its surface,was constructed using the GEM-PA system.The immunoprotection results showed that BLP-S1 effectively induced the production of specific IgG and sIgA in commercial chickens and provided effective protection against a heterologous strain with a protection rate of up to 90％.This study demonstrated that BLP-S1 has good immunogenicity and immunoprotection,with the poten-tial to develop a novel vaccine against infectious bronchitis.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CD30 antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) brentuximab vedotin (BV) combined with chemotherapy in children with refractory or relapsed classic Hodgkin′s lymphoma (R/R cHL).Methods:Clinical data (including age, gender, B symptoms, clinical stage, previous treatment, etc.) of the 10 R/R cHL children diagnosed and treated at Beijing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from October 2021 to August 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the different intensity of chemotherapy drugs, the dose of BV applied in the same course of treatment was 1.8 mg/kg for BV applied once every 3 weeks, and 1.2 mg/kg for BV applied once every 2 weeks. All 10 patients received at least 2 cycles of BV combined with chemotherapy and were evaluated every 2 cycles. The patients were followed up until May 31, 2024. The infusion reactions and adverse reactions after treatment were recorded.Results:In all 10 patients, there were 7 males and 3 females, the age ranged from 5.3-16.9 years, and there were 6 cases of refractory and 4 cases of relapsed. There were 6 cases of nodular sclerosis type, 2 cases of mixed cell type, 1 case of lymphocyte-rich type, and 1 case of lymphodepletion type. There were 5 cases of stage Ⅳ and 5 cases of stage Ⅲ. Previous treatment was mainly chemotherapy, 4 cases received radiotherapy and 1 case received programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody therapy. The follow-up time ranged from 9 to 27 months. A total of 43 courses with 49 doses of BV alone or combined with chemotherapy were recorded, and the number of courses was 2 to 10 times. All 10 children responded to the treatment, and 9 achieved complete remission. BV infusion was successfully completed in all cases. A total of 28 cases of grade 3 or above adverse events were recorded, mainly myelosuppression, all of which were related to chemotherapy and did not affect sequential treatment.Conclusion:Brentuximab vedotin has demonstrated efficacy and a tolerable safety profile in the treatment of refractory and relapsed CD30-positive Hodgkin′s lymphoma in children.

Objective:To analyze the factors affecting delayed chemotherapy in children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and their influence on prognosis.Methods:Retrospective cohort study. Clinical data of 591 children aged ≤18 years with BL from May 2017 to December 2022 in China Net Childhood Lymphoma (CNCL) was collected. The patients were treated according to the protocol CNCL-BL-2017. According to the clinical characteristics, therapeutic regimen was divided into group A, group B and group C .Based on whether the total chemotherapy time was delayed, patients were divided into two groups: the delayed chemotherapy group and the non-delayed chemotherapy group. Based on the total delayed time of chemotherapy, patients in group C were divided into non-delayed chemotherapy group, 1-7 days delayed group and more than 7 days delayed group. Relationships between delayed chemotherapy and gender, age, tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy, bone marrow involvement, disease group (B/C group), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) > 4 times than normal, grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy, minimal residual disease in the interim assessment, and severe infection (including severe pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, chickenpox, etc.) were analyzed. Logistic analysis was used to identify the relevant factors. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the patients' survival information. Log-Rank was used for comparison between groups.Results:Among 591 patients, 504 were males and 87 were females, the follow-up time was 34.8 (18.6,50.1) months. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was (92.5±1.1)%,and the 3-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was (90.5±1.2)%. Seventy-three (12.4%) patients were in delayed chemotherapy group and 518 (87.6%) patients were in non-delayed chemotherapy group. The reasons for chemotherapy delay included 72 cases (98.6%) of severe infection, 65 cases (89.0%) of bone marrow suppression, 35 cases (47.9%) of organ dysfunction, 22 cases (30.1%) of tumor lysis syndrome,etc. There were 7 cases of chemotherapy delay in group B, which were seen in COPADM (vincristine+cyclophosphamide+prednisone+daunorubicin+methotrexate+intrathecal injection,4 cases) and CYM (methotrexate+cytarabine+intrathecal injection,3 cases) stages. There were 66 cases of chemotherapy delay in group C, which were common in COPADM (28 cases) and CYVE 1 (low dose cytarabine+high dose cytarabine+etoposide+methotrexate, 12 cases) stages. Multinomial Logistic regression analysis showed that the age over 10 years old ( OR=0.54,95% CI 0.30-0.93), tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy ( OR=0.48,95% CI 0.27-0.84) and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy ( OR=0.55,95% CI 0.33-0.91)were independent risk factors for chemotherapy delay.The 3-year OS rate and the 3-year EFS rate of children with Burkitt lymphoma in the delayed chemotherapy group were lower than those in the non-delayed chemotherapy group ((79.4±4.9)% vs. (94.2±1.1)%, (80.2±4.8)% vs. (92.0±1.2)%,both P<0.05). The 3-year OS rate of the group C with chemotherapy delay >7 days (42 cases) was lower than that of the group with chemotherapy delay of 1-7 days (22 cases) and the non-delay group (399 cases) ((76.7±6.9)% vs. (81.8±8.2)% vs. (92.7±1.3)%, P=0.002).The 3-year OS rate of the chemotherapy delay group (9 cases) in the COP (vincristine+cyclophosphamide+prednisone) phase was lower than that of the non-chemotherapy delay group (454 cases) ((66.7±15.7)% vs. (91.3±1.4)%, P=0.005). Similarly, the 3-year OS rate of the chemotherapy delay group (11 cases) in the COPADM1 phase was lower than that of the non-chemotherapy delay group (452 cases) ((63.6±14.5)% vs. (91.5±1.3)%, P=0.001). Conclusions:The delayed chemotherapy was related to the age over 10 years old, tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy in pediatric BL. There is a significant relationship between delayed chemotherapy and prognosis of BL in children.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of brentuximab vedotin (BV) combined with rituximab and attenuated chemotherapy in the treatment of children with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL).Methods:A prospective, non-randomized, risk-assigned study. Clinical data (including age, gender, B symptoms, bulky disease, CD30 and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA(EBER) expression, clinical stage, risk stratification, etc.) of 28 intermediate to high-risk cHL children diagnosed and treated at Beijing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from October 2022 to May 2024 were collected. Immuno-targeted combined with attenuated chemotherapy was administered based on risk stratification and early treatment response. The patients were followed up until May 1st, 2024. The infusion reactions and adverse reactions after treatment were recorded.Results:In all 28 patients, there were 22 males and 6 females, the age was 12 (5,16) years, 16 cases (57%) presented with bulky disease and 10 cases (36%) with B symptoms. The most common pathological type was nodular sclerosis (14 cases, 50%). There were 7 cases of stage Ⅱ, 14 cases of stage Ⅲ and 7 cases of stage Ⅳ according to the Ann Arbor staging system. There were 5 cases in the intermediate-risk group and 23 cases in the high-risk group. EBER was positive in 20 cases (71%) and negative in 6 cases (21%), and CD30 antigen was expressed in tumor cells of all enrolled children. Treatment duration: 5 cases (18%) received 4 courses of treatment, 21 cases (75%) received 6 courses of treatment, and 2 cases (7%) received 8 courses of treatment, 25 cases (89%) achieved complete metabolism response (CMR) through early assessment after 2 courses of chemotherapy. The CMR rates were 100% in intermediate-risk group and 87% (20/23) in high-risk group, respectively. Four patients (14%) finally received residual field radiotherapy. Toxicities included grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ myelosuppression, early infusion reaction and mild peripheral neuropathy, only one case of grade 3 adverse events was recorded and did not affect sequential treatment. At the end of treatment and 3 months of follow-up, the levels of IgA, IgG and IgM were all decreased compared with the baseline before chemotherapy, and the total B cell count began to be lower than the level before chemotherapy at the early stage of treatment (after 2 courses). The total B cell count monitored during treatment was 50 (0, 101)×10 6/L and was 12 (0, 25)×10 6/L at the end of treatment. The follow-up time was 6 (3, 13) months, all 28 children had event-free survival and all achieved complete remission. At 6 and 9 months of follow-up, IgA, IgG, IgM and total B cell counts returned to pre-chemotherapy baseline levels, respectively. Conclusion:BV combined with rituximab attenuated chemotherapy has demonstrated efficacy and a tolerable safety profile in the treatment of cHL in children, and significantly reduce radiation rate.