Root caries is a prevalent chronic oral disease with an average global prevalence of 41.5%, characterized by high incidence, low rate of treatment, and high rate of retreatment. Root caries is primarily caused by core microbiome-induced dysbiosis and has multiple risk factors, including gingival recession, root surface exposure, and salivary dysfunction. The traditional preventive measures and treatments such as fluoride, mineralizing agents, and restorative materials, are unable to restore or maintain oral microecological homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated that probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antimicrobial peptides may prevent and treat root caries by reversing dysbiosis. In addition, these biotherapeutics can reduce acid production by acidiferous bacteria, promote alkali production (hydrogen peroxide and ammonia) by alkali-producing bacteria, inhibit biofilm formation, decrease extracellular polysaccharide production, and suppress microbial adhesion and aggregation. It is expected to play an important role in the prevention and control of root caries. This article aims to review oral probiotics (Streptococcus oligofermentans, Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani, and Streptococcus salivarius), prebiotics (arginine, nitrates, and synthetic compounds), synbiotics, and antimicrobial peptides (gallic acid-polyphemusin I and LH12) to provide evidence and guidance for root caries management through microecological modulation.

Objective:To describe and analyze suicide risk of patients with schizophrenia,major depressive disorder,and bipolar disorder.Methods:A total of 2 016 patients with schizophrenia,903 patients with major de-pressive disorder,and 381 patients with bipolar disorder from inpatients,clinics,or communities who met the diag-nostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition were recruited.All patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose mental disor-ders and assess suicide risk,as well as Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity(CRDPSS)to as-sess symptoms.Differences and risk factors of suicide risk among three types of mental disorders were explored u-sing multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:In the past one month,37 patients with schizophrenia(1.8％),516 patients with major depressive disorder(57.1％),and 102 patients with bipolar disorder(26.8％)had suicide risk.Compared with patients with schizophrenia,suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder(OR=36.50)and bipolar disorder(OR=20.10)increased.Female(OR=1.87),smoking(OR=1.76),family history of suicide(OR=5.09),higher score of CRDPSS hallucination(OR=1.80),and higher score of CRDPSS depression(OR=1.54)were risk factors of suicide risk of patients.Conclusions:Suicide risk of patients with ma-jor depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is higher than that of patients with schizophrenia.In clinical practice,it is important to regularly assess suicide risk of patients.Patients who experience symptoms of hallucination and de-pression should be paid more attention to.

In the context of comprehensively strengthening party building in public hospitals,multiple medical institu-tions have extended party building to the construction of medical union,explored the establishment of medical union party building alliances,and accumulated rich experience in the integration and development of party building and business.This article takes the Medical Union of the First People's Hospital of Suqian City as an example to deeply summarize and analyze the experience,practices,and existing problems in the process of medical union construction,propose countermeasures and suggestions,and pro-vide beneficial practice and exploration for other medical union party building.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of online and offline blended teaching in microendodontics, attempting to promote the widespread application of blended teaching mode in Operative Dentistry and Endodontics.Methods:A questionnaire survey was carried out among 865 trainees who attended the blended teaching in microendodontics combined the online theory curriculum and offline practice training from April 6 to 28 in 2022, organized by Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatotogy, Sun Yat-sen University. The content of questionnaire included trainees′ basic information as well as their perspectives and expectations on the teaching mode. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0 and Chi-square test was used for enumeration data.Results:A total of 855 trainees participated in the valid survey with the effective recall rate of 98.8% (855/865), 50.3% (430/855) of which were young people in 18-30 years old. Their working period ranged from 0.5 to 40 years. Physicians and physician assistants occupied 40.9% (350/855) and 32.9% (281/855), respectively. And the intermediate and senior titles accounted for 26.2% (224/855). The proportion of trainees who had used and never used dental operative microscope (DOM) were 70.5% (603/855) and 29.5% (252/855), respectively. The blended teaching in microendodontics was universally approved by the trainees, which showed more superiority in the improvement of learning efficiency and interest, comprehension of knowledge as well as practical ability, etc., compared to the traditional offline teaching. For the current stomatology education, trainees were inclined to choose the blended teaching mode combining online theory curriculum and offline practice training, whereas 41.3% (353/855) and 39.6% (339/855) of trainees agreed that the teaching effectiveness was likely influenced by the condition and frequency of the offline training, respectively. Besides, significant differences were detected in the question about the factors affecting the blended teaching effectiveness of microendodontics between the trainees who had used and not used DOM (χ2=13.37, P=0.004). Conclusions:The application of online and offline blended teaching in microendodontics was affirmed to have some advantages, and it should be considered that the discrepancy in the level of expertise among trainees probably influenced the teaching effectiveness, which may promote the quality and effect of teaching, the spread and sharing of microendodontics, and provide experience and reference for the practice teaching of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics.

This paper summarizes the concept of telemedicine, the application of telemedicine in home-based palliative care for cancer patients, and the impact of telemedicine on cancer patients receiving home-based palliative care. This paper also provides suggestions for the application of telemedicine in home-based palliative care, aiming to provide a reference for the application of telemedicine in home-based palliative care for cancer patients in China.

Aerosol microorganisms are important constituents of aerosols. They participate in physical and chemical reactions in the air and are also closely related to disease transmission and human health. With the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic， aerosol microorganisms have become a public health topic of great concern. Studying the composition and influencing factors of the air microbiome therefore has significant public health implications. Due to the limitations of traditional technologies for sampling and determination， the aerosol microbiome has not been fully understood. However， with the development and maturity of high-throughput sequencing technology， the aerosol microbiome has shown promising research prospects. This article reviews the composition， characteristics， detection methods and influencing factors of aerosol microorganisms， providing basic knowledge for further research on the air microbiome. In-depth research on microbial aerosols has significant implications on urban air quality control， national security and public health.

Digestive system malignant tumor is one of the common malignant tumors in humans,and its high morbidity and low survival rate at advanced stages bring heavy disease burden to patients,families and society.However,current tumor screening technologies are not suitable for screening in large-scale populations and long-term follow-up because of the invasiveness or complexity.Thus,liquid biopsy,which based on biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA,circulating tumor cells,exosomes and other new biomarkers,has broad prospects for development in tumor screening.Exosome,secreted by living cells,is a type of extracellular vesicle with the lipid bilayer.Compared to other biomarkers,exosome has the advantages of high stability,wide distribution,and high quantity.The various proteins carried by exosome can reflect the characteristics of the origin cells,and exosome has important research value for the early diagnosis of tumors.This article reviews the studies of exosomal proteins as biomarkers for early diagnosis of digestive system malignant tumors in the past five years,and summarizes the characteristics and limitations of the above studies,so as to provide reference for promoting the clinical transformation of exosomal proteins.

Objective:To understand the current situation of robot-assisted patient rehabilitation training in neurological disease-related departments of ClassⅢ medical institutions across the country, so as to provide guidance and basis for promoting the improvement of robot-assisted training.Methods:In September 2021, convenience sampling was used to select neurological disease-related departments in Class Ⅲ hospitals from all provinces and cities across the country to conduct a survey on the status of robot-assisted rehabilitation training. A self-designed Hospital Robot-Assisted Training Questionnaire was used for investigation. The survey was conducted using an electronic questionnaire. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed, and 236 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 94.4%.Results:Among the 236 neurological disease-related departments, a total of 93 (39.4%) departments used robot-assisted rehabilitation training. The robot type was mainly wearable robot, which was mainly used to train lower limb motor function, upper limb motor function, gait ability and so on. A total of 55.9% (52/93) of departments believed that robot-assisted rehabilitation training was more effective than conventional rehabilitation training. Hospital type, department bed turnover times, and daily training time were the main factors affecting the effectiveness of robot-assisted training, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Among the 93 departments that had used robots, 22.6% (21/93) of the departments had not experienced any negative events in the robot-assisted rehabilitation training. The 143 departments that had not yet used robots had a positive attitude towards robots, and the main reasons for not using robots were that robots were too expensive, lacked the guidance of technicians, and were afraid to use them without professional training. Conclusions:Robot-assisted training has been concerned and tried to use by neurological disease-related departments, but the safety still needs to be further enhanced. Medical institutions should formulate robot-assisted rehabilitation training guidelines as soon as possible to guide the application and development of robot-assisted training.

Objective:To explore the safety and feasibility of Da Vinci robotic-assisted laparoscopic resection in treatment of liver benign tumors.Methods:The clinical data of 62 patients with liver benign tumors admitted to Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into 2 groups: 25 cases undergoing Da Vinci robotic-assisted laparoscopic resection (the robotic group) and 37 cases undergoing conventional laparoscopic resection for liver benign tumors (the laparoscopic group). The operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative abdominal drainage tube removal time, incidence of postoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay time of both groups were compared.Results:Operations of all 62 patients were successfully completed. The operation time of the robotic group was longer than that of the laparoscopic group [(192±52) min vs. (158±41) min], intraoperative blood loss of the robotic group was less than that of the laparoscopic group [(159±67) ml vs.(213±59) ml], and differences were statistically significant between the two groups (both P < 0.05). The postoperative abdominal drainage tube removal time of the robotic group and the laparoscopic group was (7.0±1.5) d and (7.2±1.3) d, the incidence of postoperative complications was 8.0% (2/25) and 5.4% (2/37), and the postoperative hospital stay time was (7.0±2.4) d and (7.3±2.2) d, respectively; and differences were statistically significant between both groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:Da Vinci robotic-assisted laparoscopic resection is a safe and effective operation method in treatment of liver benign tumors with advantages of small wound and less blood loss.

Objective:To identify the risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients using Meta-analysis.Methods:We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI and Wangfang Data to collect literature about risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients. Data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 after literature screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal according to criteria by two researchers independently.Results:Ten literatures were recruited,including 3 143 cases and 7 risk factors.According to Meta analysis, catheter indwelling time ( OR value was 2.59, 95% CI 1.18-5.68), times of intubation ( OR value was 10.02, 95% CI 5.93-16.92), femoral vein catheterization ( OR value was 1.73, 95% CI 1.32-2.25), age ( OR value was 1.94, 95% CI 1.50-2.51), diabetes mellitus ( OR value was 2.58, 95% CI 2.03-3.29) and hemoglobin level ( OR value was 1.61, 95% CI 1.18-2.18), were significantly different in each group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The main of risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients are catheter indwelling time, times of intubation, femoral vein catheterization, age, diabetes mellitus and hemoglobin level. However, the relationship between catheter-related bloodstream infection and albumin level needs to be confirmed by more studies.