Objective To investigate the modeling of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis based on data mining,and to provide a reference for the preparation of a standardized Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis animal model.Methods We searched the CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,China Biomedical Literature Database,and PubMed Chinese-English Database by computer to obtain studies of animal experiments relating to Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis in the past 20 years.The species,modeling method,dosage,dosing cycle,modeling standards,and detection indexes were screened manually,and a database was established by using Microsoft Excel 2021 software for statistical analysis.The association rules of high-frequency indicators were analyzed using SPSS Modeler 18.0,and Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to visually upgrade the association network diagram.Results A total of 106 articles that met the inclusion criteria were summarized.SD rats and KM mice were the mostly commonly used animal models of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis and most studies used drug-induced models.Bovine serum albumin(BSA)+lipopolysaccharide(LPS)+carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)+castor oil,ovalbumin(OVA)+Freund's complete adjuvant,gliadin+Indian ink,and BSA+staphylococcal enterotoxin B(SEB)were used to produce the animal models,generally with cycles of 5～14 weeks.The standard of modeling was skin purpura and increased numbers of urine red blood cells.Proteinuria,glomerular mesangial hyperplasia in kidney tissue,and immune complex mainly composed of immunoglobulin A(IgA)deposited in small blood vessels indicated successful modeling.There were 36 medical indexes,including 23 indexes related to the kidney and urine and nine indexes related to blood.Among these,10 indexes,such as 24 h urine protein quantification,interleukin,renal pathology,urine red blood cell count,IgA,circulating immune complex and creatinine were used in≥10%of cases.Cluster analysis of high-frequency indicators showed that the comprehensive evaluation model of 24 h urinary protein quantification+interleukin+renal pathology+urinary red blood cell count+IgA was mostly used.Conclusions Most existing animal models of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis have used male SD rats or female Kunming mice,and most models were induced by drugs.Among these,the method of stasis-heat syndrome combined with IgA nephropathy(disease-syndrome combination method)has the advantages of good repeatability and a high modeling rate,and may thus provide a reference for the selection of animal experimental models of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis.

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OBJECTIVE To study the chemical composition and analgesia molecular mechanism of Shuanghu Zhongtongning tincture by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and network pharmacology. METHODS By comparing the chromatogram and blank chromatogram of Shuanghu Zhongtongning tincture, combined with PubChem, HMDB, MassBank database spectrum and the lysis information of reference substance, the chemical composition of Shuanghu Zhongtongning tincture was analyzed and identified. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed by using STRING database, and potential targets of analgesic effect of Shuanghu Zhongtongning tincture were screened. And GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to analyze the core pathways related to analgesia. The network of "chemical composition-disease-target" was constructed by Cytoscape software to analyze the key compounds related to analgesia. RESULTS Seventeen core components of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, hesperidin, neohesperidin, ferulic acid, berberine, ursolic acid, deoxyaconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypacoitine, caffeic acid, quercetin, oleanolic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and mefenamic acid were identified, 3 core targets of STAT3, MAPK3 and MAPK1 were found, and 4 key signaling pathways of IL-17, TNF, PI3K-Akt and arachidonic metabolism were revealed. CONCLUSION This study preliminarily clarifies the chemical composition of Shuanghu Zhongtongning tincture and potential mechanism of analgesic effect, and provides a scientific theoretical basis for the study on the material basis and mechanism of Shuanghu Zhongtongning tincture.

The incidence of solitary fibroma of seminal vesicle is low, and the source of seminal vesicle is rare. A 38-year-old patient was admitted to hospital because of intermittent gross hematuria for more than one month. Seminal vesicle space occupying lesions can be seen in pelvic MRI. Laparoscopic resection of right seminal vesicle tumor was performed, and the pathological diagnosis tended to solitary fibroma. During the 5-month follow-up, the symptoms of hematuria disappeared and no recurrence.

Objective:To explore the effects of different approaches for second-trimester multifetal pregnancy reduction on pregnancy outcome in women with dichorionic triamniotic (DCTA) triplet.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on 51 women with DCTA triplet pregnancies who were referred to Guangdong Women and Children Hospital for second-trimester multifetal pregnancy reduction from January 2014 to January 2020. All participants were divided into either preventive group ( n=39) or treatment group ( n=12) according to the indication for multifetal pregnancy reduction, and they were further allocated to three subgroups based on different reduction methods, which were reduction to dichorionic twin by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (RFA subgroup), reduction to monochorionic singleton (KCl-singleton subgroup) or monochorionic twin (KCl-twin subgroup) by cardiac injection of potassium chloride. Pregnancy loss rate, neonatal birth weight, gestational age at delivery, incidence of intrauterine death, and neonatal death were compared and analyzed between different groups using t-test, analysis of variance, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Bonferroni correction. Results:(1) The mean gestational week at operation in the treatment group was significantly later than that in the preventive group [(18.5±3.1) vs (15.0±2.3) weeks, t=-4.209, P<0.001]. In the preventive group, the mean gestational week at operation in the RFA subgroup was later than the KCl-singleton and KCl-twin subgroup[(17.2±1.6) vs (13.8±1.5) and (12.7±1.0) weeks, t=6.630 and 3.875, respectively, both P<0.05]. (2) The postoperative pregnancy loss rate in the preventive group was decreased compared with the treatment group [10.3%(4/39) vs 5/12, Fisher's exact test, P<0.05], and the live birth ratio was increased [ 85.7%(48/56) vs 10/18, χ2=5.640, P=0.018]. No live birth infants with birth weight <1 500 g was reported in the KCl-singleton subgroup in preventive group, and the statistical significance was observed in the intra-group differences ( P<0.05) rather than the pairwise comparison differences in the preventive group. For the proportion of live births, there was a statistically significant difference in the intra-group comparison in the treatment group, which was higher in the RFA subgroup than that in the KCl-twin subgroup (6/6 vs 1/6, P=0.045). No significant difference was revealed among pregnancy loss rate, gestational weeks at delivery, the mean birth weight, premature delivery <32 gestational weeks, and full-term birth rate among three different approaches within the two groups. (3) No monochorionic twin complications or perinatal death occurred in any RFA or KCl-singleton subgroups in the two groups. In the KCl-twin subgroups including five cases with ten fetuses, including three live birth, four miscarriage, three intrauterine death occured, while no neonatal death was reported. One case with selective fetal uterine growth restriction in the preventive group delivered two live births, and one case with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome in the treatment group had intrauterine death in one fetus and one survival neonate. Conclusions:The pregnancy outcome of multifetal pregnancy reduction to dichorionic diamniotic twins by RFA or reduction to singleton by cardiac injection of potassium chloride are comparative in women with DCTA triplet, regardless of whether it is a preventive or therapeutic reduction.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of irisin preconditioning on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods: Thirty-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), global cerebral I/R group (group I/R) and irisin preconditioning group (group I). Global cerebral I/R was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries combined with hypotension (MAP maintained at 35-45 mmHg) in anesthetized rats.At 30 min before ischemia, irisin 10 μg/kg (diluted to 10 μg/ml in normal saline) was intravenously injected in group I, and the equal volume of normal saline was intravenously injected in S and I/R groups.Morris water maze test was performed at day 3 of reperfusion to assess the cognitive function.Rats were sacrificed after the end of morris water maze test, and brains were removed for determination of histopathologic changes in hippocampal CA1 region (using HE staining), neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 region (Tunel staining), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression (by Western blot), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the hippocampal tissues (by colorimetric assay), and contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) in hippocampal tissues (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The cell necrosis rate and apoptotic rate were calculated. Results: Compared with group S, the escape latency was significantly prolonged on 1-5 days in group I/R and on 1-3 days in group I, the time of staying at 1st quadrant was significantly shortened, the cell necrosis rate and apoptotic rate were increased, the expression of GFAP was up-regulated, and the activity of MPO and contents of TNF-α and IL-1β were increased in I/R and I groups (P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with group I/R, the escape latency was significantly shortened on 1-5 days, the time of staying at 1st quadrant was prolonged, the cell necrosis rate and apoptotic rate were decreased, the expression of GFAP was down-regulated, and the MPO activity and contents of TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased in group I (P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion Irisin preconditioning can reduce the global cerebral I/R injury in rats, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting activation of astrocytes in hippocampus and reducing inflammatory responses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of GRIK2 and NLGN1 with autism spectrum disorder in a Chinese population. METHODS: We performed spatio-temporal expression analysis of GRIK2 and NLGN1 in the developing prefrontal cortex, and examined the expression of the genes in ASD cases and healthy controls using the GSE38322 data set. Following, we performed a case-control study in a Chinese population. RESULTS: The analysis using the publicly available expression data showed that GRIK2 and NLGN1 may have a role in the development of human brain and contribute to the risk of ASD. Later genetic analysis in the Chinese population showed that the GRIK2 rs6922753 for the T allele, TC genotype and dominant model played a significant protective role in ASD susceptibility (respectively: OR=0.840, p=0.023; OR=0.802, p=0.038; OR=0.791, p=0.020). The NLGN1 rs9855544 for the G allele and GG genotype played a significant protective role in ASD susceptibility (respectively: OR=0.844, p=0.019; OR=0.717, p=0.022). After adjusting p values, the statistical significance was lost (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that GRIK2 rs6922753 and NLGN1 rs9855544 might not confer susceptibility to ASD in the Chinese population.
Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Autistic Disorder ; Brain ; Case-Control Studies ; Dataset ; Genotype ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate

Objective To investigate the role of hippocampal cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in mice.Methods Fifty-four healthy male C57BL/6 mice,aged 12-16 weeks,weighing 20-30 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),group POCD and POCD plus CB2R agonist JWH133 group (group POCD+J).The mice were subjected to an intramedullary fixation for tibial fracture under 1.5％ isoflurane anesthesia to establish POCD model.In group POCD+J,2 mg/kg JWH133 was injected intraperitoneally at a total volume of 10 ml/kg after emergence from anesthesia and then the injection was repeated once a day until the 7th day after surgery.Open field test was carried out on 1 day before surgery and 1,3 and 7 days after surgery to evaluate the locomotor activity.Fear conditioning test was carried out at 15 min after completion of open field test.Mice were sacrificed at 2 h after the end of behavioral test,and the hippocampus was harvested for determination of the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-1beta (IL-1β),monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and CB2R (by Western blot) and expression of CD11b in hippocampal tissues (by immunofluorescence).Results There was no significant difference in the total exploring distance in open field test,percentage of freezing time in contextual fear conditioning test or percentage of freezing time in tone-fear conditioning text at each time point among the three groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group C,the percentage of freezing time in contextual fear conditioning test was significantly decreased,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,MCP-1,CD11b and CB2R was up-regulated after surgery in group S (P＜0.05).Compared with group S,the percentage of freezing time in contextual fear conditioning test was significantly increased,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,MCP-1,CD11band CB2R was down-regulated after surgery in group S+J (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Activation of hippocampal CB2R may be involved in the endogenous protective mechanism of POCD in mice,and the mechanism is related to inhibiting activation of hippocampal microglia and attenuating central inflammatory responses.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the levels of microRNA-125b (miR-125b) and miR-181c in cerebrospinal flnid (CSF) before joint replacement and postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients.Methods Fifty-two patients of hoth sexes,aged ≥ 65 yr,weighing 45-70 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,scheduled for elcctive hip or knee replacement under spinal anesthesia,were included in the study.CSF was collected after successful puncture to measure the levels of miR-181c and miR-125b by fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.The patients were divided into POD group and non-POD group using the Chinese reversion of Confusion Assessment Method on postoperative days 1 and 2.Results The incidence of POD was about 28％ in the patients underwent hip or knee replacement.Compared with non-POD group,the preoperative level of miR-181c in CSF was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the preoperative level of miR-125b in CSF in POD group (P＞0.05).Conclusion The level of miR-181c in CSF before joint replacement is related to POD in elderly patients,and the preoperative level of miR-181c in CSF is a risk factor for POD.

Objective To evaluate the effect of mechanical ventilation on synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 region of mice.Methods Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice,aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 20-25 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =18 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and mechanical ventilation group (group M).After anesthesia,endotracheal intubation was carried out,and open reduction and internal fixation was performed after tibial fracture was induced in mice.In C group,the endotracheal tube was removed after operation,and then the mice were exposed to 1.5％ isoflurane for 6 h in a chamber.In M group,the mice were mechanically ventilated continuously for 6 h,and 1.5％ isoflurane was inhaled to maintain the level of anesthesia.At 2 h and 1 and 3 days after the end of ventilation,6 mice were chosen from each group,and fear conditioning test was performed,and the percentage of freezing time was recorded.Six mice were chosen from each group on 1 day after the end of ventilation,and novel object recognition task was carried out.The preference index was calculated at 5-min,2-h and 1-day intervals on 4 days after the end of ventilation.Three mice were chosen from each group on 1 day after the end of ventilation and sacrificed,and the hippocampi were isolated for examination of hippocampal ultrastructure (with electron microscope) and for calculation of the number of synapses.Three mice were chosen from each group on 1 day after the end of ventilation and sacrificed,and the whole brain was removed for measurement of dendritic spine density in brain tissues.Results Compared with group C,the percentage of freezing time was significantly decreased at 2 h and 1 day after operation,the preference index at different intervals was decreased,the number of synapses in hippocampal CA1 region was reduced,and the apical and basal dendritic spine densities were decreased in group M.Conclusion Mechanical ventilation can change synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 region of mice.